ccpp-physics/V8.0.0/module__mp__nssl__2mom_8F90_source.html

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! code snapshot: "Apr 17 2025" at "12:17:55"

!---------------------------------------------------------------------


!

! Possible parameters to adjust:

!

!  ccn : base cloud condensation nuclei concentration (use namelist.input value "nssl_cccn")

!  alphah, alphahl : Size distribution shape parameters for graupel (h) and hail (hl)

!  infall : changes sedimentation options to see effects (see below)

!

! lightning model references:

!

!    Fierro, A. O., E.R. Mansell, C. Ziegler and D. R. MacGorman 2013: The

!    implementation of an explicit charging and discharge lightning scheme

!    within the WRF-ARW model: Benchmark simulations of a continental squall line, a

!    tropical cyclone and a winter storm. Monthly Weather Review, Volume 141, 2390-2415

!

!    Mansell et al. 2005: Charge structure and lightning sensitivity in a simulated

!     multicell thunderstorm. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D12101, doi:10.1029/2004JD005287

!

! Note: Some parameters below apply to unreleased features.

!

!

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! Feb. 2025

!  - More accurate saturation mixing ratio calculation (iqvsopt=1)

!  - Changed default droplet renucleation to irenuc=5, which allows extra nucleation at high supersaturation

!  - Default explicit rain breakup for 3-moment (irainbreak=2)

!  - Imposed reflectivity conservation in graupel->hail conversion (ihlcnh=3) and Bigg

!    freezing (both 2- and 3-moment)

!  - Option (nsplinter=1001) for ice crystal production by drop freezing/shattering (Sullivan et al. 2018)

!  - Option (incwet = 1) to treat wet growth only for D > Dwet rather than all or nothing; results in

!    slightly greater hail production due to maintaining dry growth at D < Dwet

!  - Improved logic for sedimentation

!  - Separated flushing of small masses into its own subroutine (smallvalues)

!  - Some syntax fixes for issues with old versions of gfortran

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! Apr. 2023 (WRF-4.6)

!  - Update to 3-moment for rain, graupel, and hail

!  - Change default graupel/hail fall speeds to icdx/icdxhl=6 (Milbrandt & Morrison 2013)

!     and also set default ehw0=0.9 and ehlw0=0.9 to compensate for lower fall speeds.

!  - Change default hail conversion to ihlcnh=-1, and then =1 for 2-mom or =3 for 3-mom,

!     using wet growth diameter to convert large graupel

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! Sept. 2021:

! Fixes:

!   Restored previous formulation of snow reflectivity, as it was realized that the last change incorrectly assumed a fixed

!     density independent of size. Generally lower snow reflectivity values as a result (no effect on microphysics)

! Other:

!   Generic fall speed coeffecients (axx,bxx) to accomodate future frozen drops category (no effect)

!   Reordered collection coefficients (dab1lh) to be consistent (no effect)

!   Switched to full calculation of rain number loss via collection by graupel (chacr; to be consisted with collection by hail) (minor effects)

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! April 2021:

! Fixes:

!  Fall speed air density factor limited to air density of 0.05 (for very high model top) to mitigate excessive fall speeds

!  Fixed issue of spurious creation of large concentrations of very small droplets and transient large condensation (also increased minimum droplet size)

!  Fixed issue of negligible "seed" values of graupel from Bigg freezing at relatively high temperatures (thanks to S. Lasher-Trapp)

!  Minor bug fix in effective radius calculation of snow. (thanks to T. Iguchi)

! Updates:

!  Enabled regeneration of CCN by droplet evaporation and background restore (default time constant of 3600s)

!  Updated the routine that handles single-moment variables on the first time step. This sets a higher threshold for meaningful mixing ratios and sets a more realistic droplet concentration (also activating CCN as needed).

!  Enabled radar reflectivity from cloud ice (new formulation) ( idbzci = 1 )

!  Added internal option for ice crystal nucleation by DeMott et al. (2010, PNAS) (inucopt=4)

!  Allow greater fraction of hail to melt in one time step

!  Reduced minimum number concentration from 1e-4 to 1e-8 (based on CAPS input)

!  Added internal namelist for easier access to internal variables for development/testing and easier setup for ensemble microphysics diversity

!    (namelist read is disabled by default)

!  Increased resolution of lookup table for incomplete gamma functions

!

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! Sept. 2019:

! Bug fixes:

!  - Effective radius calculation was only done at history times. Now every time step (though should be just before radiation is called)

!  - Snow reflectivity: Previous "fix" was incorrect and yields snow dBZ that is too low. Reverted to old version which was correct

!  - Incorrectly updated a state value in the reflectivity code. (Could cause small differences if reflectivity is not calculated)

! Updates:

!  - Added code hints to use the "axtra2d" array to communicate rates from the microphysics routine into any 3d arrays that are passed in to the driver.

!  - Graupel and hail drag coefficients are returned from fall speed subroutine to use in ventilation coeffs. for consistency (minor change)

!  - Added (compile) option flag to turn on diagnosis of cloud droplet shape parameter based on number concentration

!  - Added (compile) option flag icracr to turn off rain self-collection

!  - Added compile options 'depfac' and 'meltfac' to adjust deposition/sublimation and melting (not freezing) rates of graupel/hail by a constant factor (for experimentation). Default value is 1.0

!  - Put limit on snow volume (2 cm) in aggregation rate

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! WRF 4.0 update:

!  Major:

!   Fixed excessive sublimation that could occur in very strong downdrafts (3.9.1.1 update)

!

!  Minor:

!    icefallopt=3 : New ice crystal fall speed that has faster speeds for small ice particles. Main effect

!                   is on anvil clouds to help them decay a bit faster. Old behavior can be recovered with icefallopt=1

!    Cosmetic: removed stray single quotes because some preprocessors complain about unclosed quotes even in comments

!

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! WRF 3.9.1.1 update:

!

!  Added a check on overdepletion of ice by sublimation, which could sometimes result in water supersaturation

!  Bug fix: setting of t7 used 'dn' instead of 'dn1' (Thanks to Chunxi Zhang)

!

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! WRF 3.9 updates:

!

!   2-moment scheme now creates number concentration tendencies from cumulus scheme mass mixing ratio rates

!   Renamed internal gamma function routine from 'gamma' to 'gamma_sp' to avoid name conflicts

!   Restored older settings that allow snow aggregation starting at T > -25C

!   Adjusted Meyers number of activated nuclei by the local air density to compensate for using data at surface

!   Minor updates to rain-ice crystal and hail-rain collection efficiencies

!

!

!   Reduced minimum mean snow diameter from 100 microns to 10 microns

!

!---------------------------------------------------------------------

! WRF 3.8 updates:

!   Fixed issue with reflectivity conservation for graupel melting into rain. Rain number concentrations were too low,

!       resulting in excessive reflectivity of a couple dBZ

!   Changed default value of iusewetgraupel to 1 (turns off diagnostic meltwater on graupel for reflectivity)

!   Apply a 70 m/s fall speed limit for sedimentation

!   Changed vapor ice nucleation to Meyers-Ferrier method (original scheme)

!   New method for Bigg freezing (ibiggopt=2)

!   Reduced snow aggregration efficiency and restricted aggregation to higher temperatures (assuming dendrites and mechanical aggregation)

!   Increased maximum graupel-droplet collection efficiency when hail is turned off (nssl_2momg)

!   Updates for compatibility with WRF-NMM

!   Added calculation of hail number concentration in calcnfromq (creates number concentration from mixing ratio

!       when starting from an analysis). And fixed error in graupel intercept

!   Bug fix in snow fall speeds

!   Further fix in snow reflectivity

!   Use diameter of maximum mass rather than mean diamter when checking maximum size

!   Helped performance in sedimentation with flag "do_accurate_sedimentation" to control recalculation of fall speeds when

!       more than one sub-time step is needed (often happens with large time steps and small dz near the ground):

!        = .true. : recalculates fall speed after each substep (more accurate)

!        = .false. : (default) reuses fall speeds calculated on the first substep (typical for most schemes), theoretically could cause an occasional glitch, but none seen in practice

!   Increased maximum mean droplet radius from 40 to 60 microns, which alleviates spurious number concentration increases at low CCN concentration.

!   Removed a duplicate factor from hail reflectivity that was causing a loss of about 6 dBZ (since WRF 3.5).

!

!---------------------------------------------------------------------


MODULE module_mp_nssl_2mom

  IMPLICIT NONE


  public nssl_2mom_driver

  public nssl_2mom_init

  public nssl_2mom_init_const

  public calc_eff_radius

  public calcnfromq


  private gamma_sp,gamxinf,gaml02, gaml02d300, gaml02d500, fqvs, fqis

  private gamma_dp, gamxinfdp, gamma_dpr

  private delbk, delabk

  private gammadp


  logical, private :: cleardiag = .false.

  PRIVATE


#if ( WRF_CHEM == 1 )

  integer, parameter :: wrfchem_flag = 1

#else

  integer, parameter :: wrfchem_flag = 0

#endif


   LOGICAL, PRIVATE:: is_aerosol_aware = .false.


      logical, private :: turn_on_cin = .false.


  integer, private :: eqtset = 1 ! Flag for use with cm1 to use alternate equation set (changes latent heating rates)

                                 ! value of > 2 invokes the equivalent version of eqtset=2 that applies updates to both theta and Pi.

   double precision, parameter, public :: zscale = 1.0d0 ! 1.000e-10

   double precision, parameter, public :: zscaleinv = 1.0d0/zscale ! 1.000e-10


  real, parameter :: warmonly = 0.0 ! testing parameter, set to 1.0 to reduce to warm-rain physics (ice variables stay zero)


  logical, parameter :: lwsm6 = .false. ! act like wsm6 for some single moment interactions


! some constants from WSM6

  real, parameter  :: dimax = 500.e-6    ! limited maximum value for the cloud-ice diamter

  real, parameter  :: roqimax = 2.08e22*dimax**8


! Params for dbz:

  integer  :: iuseferrier = 1  ! =1: use dry graupel only from Ferrier 1994; = 0: Use Smith (wet graupel)

  integer  :: idbzci      = 1

  integer  :: iusewetgraupel = 1 ! =1 to turn on use of QHW for graupel reflectivity (only for ZVDM -- mixedphase)

                                 ! =2 turn on for graupel density less than 300. only

  integer  :: iusewethail = 0 ! =1 to turn on use of QHW for graupel reflectivity (only for ZVDM -- mixedphase)

  integer  :: iusewetsnow = 0 ! =1 to turn on diagnosed bright band; =2 'old' snow reflectivity (dry), =3 'old' snow dbz + brightband

! microphysics


  real, private :: rho_qr = 1000., cnor = 8.0e5  ! cnor is set in namelist!!  rain params

  real, private :: rho_qs =  100., cnos = 3.0e6  ! set in namelist!!  snow params

  real, private :: rho_qh =  500., cnoh = 4.0e5  ! set in namelist!!  graupel params

  real, private :: rho_qhl=  800., cnohl = 4.0e4 ! set in namelist!!  hail params


  real, private :: hdnmn  = 170.0  ! minimum graupel density (for variable density graupel)

  real, private :: hldnmn = 500.0  ! minimum hail density (for variable density hail)


  real :: cnohmn  = 1.e-2 ! minimum intercept for 2-moment graupel (alphah < 0.5)

  real :: cnohlmn = 1.e-2 ! minimum intercept for 2-moment hail (alphahl < 0.5)


! Autoconversion parameters


  real   , private :: qcmincwrn      = 2.0e-3    ! qc threshold for autonconversion (LFO; for 10ICE use qminrncw for ircnw != 5)

  real   , private :: cwdiap         = 20.0e-6   ! threshold diameter of cloud drops (Ferrier 1994 autoconversion)

  real   , private :: cwdisp         = 0.15      ! assume droplet dispersion parameter (can be 0.3 for maritime)

  real   , private :: ccn            = 0.6e+09   ! set in namelist!! Central plains CCN value

  real   , private :: ccnuf          = 0        ! set in namelist!! Central plains CCN value

  real   , public  :: qccn, qccnuf               ! ccn "mixing ratio"

  real   , private :: old_qccn = -1.0

  integer, private :: iauttim        = 1         ! 10-ice rain delay flag

  real   , private :: auttim         = 300.      ! 10-ice rain delay time

  real   , private :: qcwmntim       = 1.0e-5    ! 10-ice rain delay min qc for time accrual


#if (NMM_CORE == 1)

! NMM WRF core does not have special boundary conditions for CCN, therefore set invertccn to true

      logical, parameter :: invertccn = .true. ! =true for base state of ccn=0, =false for ccn initialized in the base state

#else

      logical, private :: invertccn = .false. ! =true for base state of ccn=0, =false for ccn initialized in the base state

#endif

  logical :: switchccn = .false.

  real    :: old_cccn = -1.0

  logical :: restoreccn = .true. ! whether or not to nudge CCN back to base state (qccn) (only applies if CCNA is NOT predicted)

  real    :: ccntimeconst = 3600.  ! time constant for CCN restore (either for CCNA or when restoreccn = true)

  real, private  :: restoreccnfrac = 1.0  ! fraction of evaporated droplets that restore CCN

  real    :: ufccntimeconst = 6.*3600.  ! time constant for UFCCN decay (Blossey et al. 2018)

  real    :: ufbackground = 0.1e9       ! background ccnuf value (Blossey et al.)

  logical :: decayufccn = .false.

  integer :: i_uf_or_ccn = 0      ! 0 = ship adds UF; 1 = treat UF as regular ccn (add to qccn)


! sedimentation flags

! itfall -> 0 = 1st order fallout (other options removed)

! iscfall, infall -> fallout options for charge and number concentration, respectively

!                    1 = mass-weighted fall speed; 2 = number-weighted fallspeed.

  integer, private :: itfall = 0

  integer, private :: iscfall = 1

  integer, private :: irfall = -1

  integer, private :: iifall =  0

  integer, private :: isfall =  2 ! default limit with method II (more restrictive)

  logical, private :: do_accurate_sedimentation = .true. ! if true, recalculate fall speeds on sub time steps; (more expensive)

                                                         ! if false, reuse fall speeds on multiple steps (can have a noticeable speedup)

                                                         ! Mainly is an issue for small dz near the surface.

  integer, private :: interval_sedi_vt = 2 ! interval for recalculating Vt in sedimentation subloop (only when do_accurate_sedimentation = .true.)

  integer, private :: infall = 4   ! 0 -> uses number-wgt for N; NO correction applied (results in excessive size sorting)

                          ! 1 -> uses mass-weighted fallspeed for N ALWAYS

                          ! 2 -> uses number-wgt for N and mass-weighted correction for N (Method II in Mansell, 2010 JAS)

                          ! 3 -> uses number-wgt for N and Z-weighted correction for N (Method I in Mansell, 2010 JAS)

                          ! 4 -> Hybrid of 2 and 3: Uses minimum N from each method (z-wgt and m-wgt corrections) (Method I+II in Mansell, 2010 JAS)

                          ! 5 -> uses number-wgt for N and uses average of N-wgt and q-wgt instead of Max.

  integer :: imydiagalpha = 0 ! apply MY diagnostic shape parameter for fall speeds (1=for fall speed only; 2=also for microphysics rates)

  real, private    :: rainfallfac = 1.0 ! factor to adjust rain fall speed (single moment only)

  real, private    :: icefallfac = 1.5   ! factor to adjust ice fall speed

  real, private    :: snowfallfac = 1.25 ! factor to adjust snow fall speed

  real, private    :: graupelfallfac = 1.0 ! factor to adjust graupel fall speed

  real, private    :: hailfallfac = 1.0 ! factor to adjust hail fall speed

  integer, private :: icefallopt = 3 ! 1= default, 2 = Ferrier ice fall speed; 3 = adjusted Ferrier (slightly high Vt)

  integer, private :: icdx = 6 ! (graupel) 0=Ferrier; 1=leave drag coef. cd fixed; 2=vary by density, 4=set by user with cdxmin,cdxmax,etc.

                               ! 6= Milbrandt and Morrison (2013) density-based fall speed

  integer, private :: icdxhl = 6 ! (hail) 0=Ferrier; 1=leave drag coef. cd fixed; 2=vary by density, 4=set by user with cdxmin,cdxmax,etc.

                               ! 6= Milbrandt and Morrison (2013) density-based fall speed

  real    :: axh = 75.7149, bxh = 0.5

  real    :: axf = 75.7149, bxf = 0.5

  real    :: axhl = 206.984, bxhl = 0.6384

  real   , private :: cdhmin = 0.45, cdhmax = 0.8        ! defaults for graupel (icdx=4)

  real   , private :: cdhdnmin = 500., cdhdnmax = 800.0  ! defaults for graupel (icdx=4)

  real   , private :: cdhlmin = 0.45, cdhlmax = 0.6      ! defaults for hail (icdx=4)

  real   , private :: cdhldnmin = 500., cdhldnmax = 800.0  ! defaults for hail (icdx=4)

  real   , private :: vtmaxsed = 70. ! Limit on fall speed (m/s, all moments) for sedimentation calculations. Not applied to fall speeds for microphysical rates


  integer :: rssflg = 1   ! Rain size-sorting allowed (1, default), or disallowed (0).  If 0, sets N and Z-weighted fall speeds to q-weighted value

  integer :: sssflg = 1   ! As above but for snow

  integer :: hssflg = 1   ! As above but for graupel

  integer :: hlssflg = 1  ! As above but for hail


! input flags


  integer, private :: ndebug = -1, ncdebug = 0

  integer, private :: ipconc = 5

  integer, private :: inucopt = 0

  integer, private :: ichaff = 0

  integer, parameter :: ilimit = 0


  real, private :: constccw = -1.


  real, private :: cimn = 1.0e3, cimx = 1.0e6


  real   , private :: rhofrz = 900 ! density of freezing drops

  real   , private :: ifrzg = 1.0 ! fraction of frozen drops (Bigg freezing) going to graupel. 1=freeze all rain to graupel, 0=freeze all to hail

  real   , private :: ifiacrg = 1.0 ! fraction of frozen drops (3-component freezing qiacr) going to graupel. 1=freeze all rain to graupel, 0=freeze all to hail

  real   , private :: ifrzs = 1.0 ! fraction of small frozen drops going to snow. 1=freeze rain to snow, 0=freeze to cloud ice

  real   , private :: ffrzs = 0.0 ! fraction of other initiated cloud ice going to snow. 1=freeze rain to snow, 0=freeze to cloud ice

  real   , private :: f2h = 1.0 ! fraction of cloud ice conversion going to graupel (vs. frozen drops). For testing

  integer, private :: irwfrz = 1 ! compute total rain that can freeze (checks heat budget)

  integer, private :: irimtim = 0 ! future use

!  integer, private :: infdo = 1   ! 1 = calculate number-weighted fall speeds


  integer, private :: irimdenopt = 1 ! = 1 for default Heymsfield and Pflaum (1985); = 2 for experimental Cober and List (1993); = 3 Macklin

  real   , private :: rimc1 = 300.0, rimc2 = 0.44  ! rime density coeff. and power (Default Heymsfield and Pflaum, 1985)

  real   , private :: rimc3 = 170.0                ! minimum rime density

  real    :: rimc4 = 900.0                ! maximum rime density

  real   , private :: rimtim = 120.0               ! cut-off rime time (10ICE)

  real   , private :: eqtot = 1.0e-9               ! threshold for mass budget reporting

  real, private :: rimdenvwgt = 0.0 ! weight (0-1) given to number-weighted fall speed when calculating rime density


  integer, private :: ireadmic = 0


  integer, private :: idiagnosecnu = 0 ! =1 to diagnose cnu based on Chandrakar et al. 2016 data; =2 for Geoffroy et al. (2010, ACP)

  integer, private :: iccwflg = 1     ! sets max size of first droplets in parcel to 4 micron radius (in two-moment liquid)

                             ! (first nucleation is done with a KW sat. adj. step)

  integer, private :: issfilt = 0     ! flag to turn on filtering of supersaturation field

  integer, private :: icnuclimit = 0  ! limit droplet nucleation based on Konwar et al. (2012) and Chandrakar et al. (2016)

  integer, private :: irenuc = 5      ! =1 to always allow renucleation of droplets within the cloud (do no use, obsolete)

                                      ! =2 renucleation following Twomey/Cohard&Pinty

                                      ! =5 Similar to 7 but can produce extra activated nuclei from the 'smaller' CCN at higher SS

                                      ! =7 New renucleation that requires prediction of the number of activated nuclei

                             ! i.e., not only at cloud base

  integer, private :: irenuc3d = 0      ! =1 to include horizontal gradient in renucleation of droplets within the cloud

  real    :: renucfrac = 0.0 ! = 0 : cnuc = cwccn

                             ! = 1 : cnuc = actual available CCN

                             ! otherwise cnuc = cwccn*(1. - renufrac) + ccnc(1:ngscnt)*renucfrac

  real    :: ssf2kmax = 10. ! max value for ssf**cck in irenuc=4 or 5

  real   , private :: cck = 0.6       ! exponent in Twomey expression

  real   , private :: ciintmx = 1.0e6 ! limit on ice concentration from primary nucleation


  real   , private :: cwccn ! , cwmasn,cwmasx

  real   , private :: ccwmx


  integer, private :: idocw = 1, idorw = 1, idoci = 1, idoir = 1, idoip = 1, idosw = 1

  integer, private :: idogl = 1, idogm = 1, idogh = 1, idofw = 1, idohw = 1, idohl = 1

!  integer, private :: ido(3:14) = / 12*1 /


! 0,2, 5.00e-10, 1, 0, 0, 0      : itype1,itype2,cimas0,icfn,ihrn,ibfc,iacr

  integer, private :: itype1 = 0, itype2 = 2  ! controls Hallett-Mossop process

  integer, private :: in_freeze_rain_first = 0 ! =1 use IN to freezed rain drops (if none, then freeze droplets)

  integer, private :: icenucopt = 1       ! =1 Meyers/Ferrier primary ice nucleation; =2 Thompson/Cooper, =3 Phillips (Meyers/Demott), =4 DeMott (2010)

  real, private :: naer = 1.0e6  ! background large aerosol conc. for DeMott

  integer, private :: icfn = 2                ! contact freezing: 0 = off; 1 = hack (ok for single moment); 2 = full Cotton/Meyers version

  integer, private :: ihrn = 0            ! Hobbs-Rangno ice multiplication (Ferrier, 1994; use in 10-ice only)

  integer, private :: ibfc = 1            ! Flag to use Bigg freezing on droplets (0 = off (uses alternate freezing), 1 = on)

  real, private  :: cwfrz2snowfrac = 0.0 ! fraction of freezing droplet mass to send to snow

  real, private  :: cwfrz2snowratio = 5. ! Assumed number of frozen droplets in a cluster

  integer, private :: iremoveqwfrz = 1    ! Whether to remove (=1) or not (=0) the newly-frozen cloud droplets (ibfc=1) from the CWC used for charge separation

  integer, private :: iacr = 2            ! Flag for drop contact freezing with crytals

                                 ! (0=off; 1=drops > 500micron diameter; 2 = > 300micron)

  integer, private :: icrcev = 1          ! 1 = old crcev; 2 = crcev scaled by vtrain ratio (num/mass); 3 = set to zero

  integer, private :: icracr = 1          ! Flag to turn rain self-collection on/off (=0 to turn off)

  integer, private :: icracrthresh = 1    ! For rain self-coll. thresh. use: 1 = mean diam of 2mm; 2 = rain median volume diam of 1.9mm

  integer, private :: ibfr = 2            ! Flag for Bigg freezing conversion of freezing drops to graupel

                                 ! (1=min graupel size is vr1mm; 2=use min size of dfrz, 5= as for 2 and apply dbz conservation)

  integer, private :: ibiggopt = 2        ! 1 = old Bigg; 2 = experimental Bigg (only for imurain = 1, however)

  integer :: ibiggsmallrain = 0  ! 1 = When rain is too small, freeze none to graupel and send all to snow (experimental)

  integer, private :: iacrsize = 5        ! assumed min size of drops freezing by capture

                                 !  1: > 500 micron diam

                                 !  2: > 300 micron

                                 !  3: > 40 micron

                                 !  4: all sizes

                                 !  5: > 150 micron (only for imurain = 1)

  real   , private :: cimas0 = 6.62e-11   ! default mass of Hallett-Mossop crystals

                                 ! 6.62e-11kg results in half the diam. (60 microns) of old default value of 5.0e-10

  real   , private :: cimas1 = 6.88e-13   ! default mass of new ice crystals

  real   , private :: splintermass = 6.88e-13

  real   , private :: cfnfac = 0.1        ! Hack factor that goes with icfn=1

  integer, private :: iscni = 4           ! default option for ice crystal aggregation/conversion to snow

  real   , private :: fscni = 1.0         ! factor for calculating cscni

  logical, private :: imeyers5 = .false.  ! .false.=off, true=on for Meyers ice nucleation for temp > -5 C

  real   , private :: dmincw = 15.0e-6    ! minimum droplet diameter for collection for iehw=3

  integer, private :: iehw = 1            ! 0 -> ehw=ehw0; 1 -> old ehw; 2 -> test ehw with Mason table data

  integer, private :: iefw = 1            ! 0 -> ehw=ehw0; 1 -> old ehw; 2 -> test ehw with Mason table data

  integer, private :: iehlw = 1           ! 0 -> ehlw=ehlw0; 1 -> old ehlw; 2 -> test ehlw with Mason table data

                                 ! For ehw/ehlw = 1, ehw0/ehlw0 act as maximum limit on collection efficiency (defaults are 1.0)

  integer, private :: ierw = 1            ! for single-moment rain (LFO/Z)

  integer, private :: iehr0c = 0          ! 0 -> no collection for T > 0C;  1 -> turn on collection/shedding for T > 0C

  integer, private :: iehlr0c = 0         ! 0 -> no collection for T > 0C;  1 -> turn on collection/shedding for T > 0C

  real   , private :: eiw0 = 0.5          ! constant or max assumed ice-crystal-droplet collection efficiency

  real   , private :: esw0 = 0.5          ! constant or max assumed snow-droplet collection efficiency

  real   , private :: ehw0 = 0.9          ! constant or max assumed graupel-droplet collection efficiency

  real   , private :: erw0 = 1.0          ! constant assumed rain-droplet collection efficiency

  real   , private :: ehlw0 = 0.9        ! constant or max assumed hail-droplet collection efficiency

  real   , private :: efw0 = 0.5          ! constant or max assumed graupel-droplet collection efficiency

  real    :: ehr0 = 1.0          ! constant or max assumed graupel-rain collection efficiency

  real    :: efr0 = 1.0          ! constant or max assumed graupel-rain collection efficiency

  real    :: ehlr0 = 1.0         ! constant or max assumed hail-rain collection efficiency

  real   , private :: exwmindiam = 0.0    ! minimum diameter of droplets for riming. If set > 0, will exclude that fraction of mass/number from accretion (idea from Furtado and Field 2017 JAS but also Fierro and Mansell 2017)


  real   , private :: esilfo0 = 1.0       ! factor for LFO collection efficiency of snow for cloud ice.

  real   , private :: ehslfo0 = 1.0       ! factor for LFO collection efficiency of hail/graupel for snow.


  integer, private :: ircnw    = 5        ! single-moment warm-rain autoconversion option.  5= Ferrier 1994.

  real   , private :: qminrncw = 2.0e-3   ! qc threshold for rain autoconversion (NA for ircnw=5)


  integer, private :: iqcinit = 2         ! For ZVDxx schemes, flag to choose which way to initialize droplets

                                 ! 1 = Soong-Ogura adjustment

                                 ! 2 = Saturation adjustment to value of ssmxinit

                                 ! 3 = KW adjustment


  real   , private :: ssmxinit = 0.4      ! saturation percentage to adjust down to for initial cloud

                                 ! formation (ZVDxx scheme only)


  real   , private :: ewfac = 1.0         ! hack factor applied to graupel and hail collection eff. for droplets

  real   , private :: eii0 = 0.1 ,eii1 = 0.1  ! graupel-crystal coll. eff. parameters: eii0*exp(eii1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

                                     ! set eii1 = 0 to get a constant value of eii0

  real   , private :: eii0hl = 0.2 ,eii1hl = 0.0  ! hail-crystal coll. eff. parameters: eii0hl*exp(eii1hl*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

                                     ! set eii1hl = 0 to get a constant value of eii0hl

  real, private :: ewi_dcmin = 15.0e-06 ! minimum droplet diameter for nonzero ewi

  real, private :: ewi_dimin = 30.0e-06 ! minimum ice crystal diameter for nonzero ewi

  real   , private :: eri0 = 0.1   ! rain efficiency to collect ice crystals

  real   , private :: eri_cimin = 10.e-6      ! minimum ice crystal diameter for collection by rain

  real   , private :: esi0 = 0.1              ! linear factor in snow-ice collection efficiency

  real   , private :: ehs0 = 0.1, ehs1 = 0.1  ! graupel-snow coll. eff. parameters: ehs0*exp(ehs1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

                                     ! set ehs1 = 0 to get a constant value of ehs0

  integer :: iessopt = 1  ! 1 = Original (no factor); 2 = factor based on wvel; 3 = factor based on SSI

                          ! 4 = as 3 but sets min factor of 0.1 and goes to full value at 0.5% SSI

  real   , private :: ess0 = 0.5, ess1 = 0.05 ! snow aggregation coefficients: ess0*exp(ess1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

                                     ! set ess1 = 0 to get a constant value of ess0

  real   , private :: esstem1 = -15.  ! lower temperature where snow aggregation turns on

  real   , private :: esstem2 = -10.  ! higher temperature for linear ramp of ess from zero at esstem1 to formula value at esstem2

  real   , private :: essrmax = 0.02  ! maximum snow radius (meters) for csacs

  real   , private :: essfrac1 = 0.5  ! snow mass fraction 1 for aggregation roll-off

  real   , private :: essfrac2 = 0.75 ! snow mass fraction 2 for aggregation roll-off

  integer, private :: iessec0flag = 0 ! flag to activate aggregation roll-off

  real   , private :: ehsfrac = 1.0           ! multiplier for graupel collection efficiency in wet growth

  real   , private :: ehimin = 0.0 ! Minimum collection efficiency (graupel - ice crystal)

  real   , private :: ehimax = 1.0 ! Maximum collection efficiency (graupel - ice crystal)

  real   , private :: ehsmax = 0.5 ! Maximum collection efficiency (graupel - snow)

  real   , private :: ecollmx = 0.5 ! Maximum collision efficiency for graup/hail with ice; used only for charging rates

  integer, private :: iglcnvi = 1  ! flag for riming conversion from cloud ice to rimed ice/graupel

  integer, private :: iglcnvs = 2  ! flag for conversion from snow to rimed ice/graupel


  real   , private :: rz          ! reflectivity conservation factor for graupel/rain

                         ! now calculated in icezvd_dr.F from alphah and rnu

                         ! currently only used for graupel melting to rain

  real   , private :: rzhl        ! reflectivity conservation factor for hail/rain

                         ! now calculated in icezvd_dr.F from alphahl and rnu


  real   , private :: rzs     ! reflectivity conservation factor for snow(imusnow=3) with rain (imurain=1)


  real   , private :: alphahacx = 0.0 ! assumed minimum shape parameter for zhacw and zhacr


  real   , private :: fconv = 1.0  ! factor to boost max graupel depletion by riming conversions in 10ICE


  real   , private :: rg0 = 400.0  ! reference graupel density for graupel fall speed


  integer, private :: rcond = 2    ! (Z only) rcond = 2 includes rain condensation in loop with droplet condensation

                                   ! 0 = no condensation on rain; 1 = bulk condensation on rain

  integer, parameter, private :: icond = 1    ! (Z only) icond = 1 calculates ice deposition (crystals and snow) BEFORE droplet condensation

                          ! icond = 2 does not work (intended to calc. dep in loop with droplet cond.)

  integer, private :: iqis0 = 2    ! = 1 for normal qis; = 2 to set qis to use T = 0C when T > 0C


  real   , private :: dfrz = 0.15e-3 ! 0.25e-3  ! minimum diameter of frozen drops from Bigg freezing (used for vfrz) for iacr > 1

                            ! and for ciacrf for iacr=4

  real   , private :: dmlt = 3.0e-3  ! maximum diameter for rain melting from graupel and hail

  real   , private :: dshd = 1.0e-3  ! nominal diameter for rain drops shed from graupel/hail

  integer, private :: ivshdgs   = 1  ! 0 = use 1mm for all shedding (non-mixedphase); 1 = use vshdgs with sheddiam

  integer, private :: ished2cld = 0  ! 1: Send shed liquid (from wet growth) to cloud droplets


  integer, private :: ihmlt = 2      ! 1=old melting with vmlt; 2=new melting using mean volume diam of graupel/hail

  integer, private :: imltshddmr = 2 ! 0 (default)=mean diameter of drops produced during melting+shedding as before (using mean diameter of graupel/hail

                            ! and max mean diameter of rain)

                            ! 1=new method where mean diameter of rain during melting is adjusted linearly downward

                            ! toward 3 mm for large (> sheddiam) graupel and hail, to take into account shedding of

                            ! smaller drops.  sheddiam0 controls the size of graupel/hail above which the assumed

                            ! mean diameter of rain is set to 3 mm

                            ! Only valid for ihmlt = 2 for ZVD(H) but also applies to ZVD(H)M

                            ! 2 = method that sets the resulting rain size ( vshdgs ) according to the mass-weighted diameter of the ice


   real  :: mltdiam1 = 9.0e-3, mltdiam2 = 16.0e-3, mltdiam3 = 19.0e-3, mltdiam4 = 200.0e-3, mltdiam05 = 4.5e-3


  integer, private :: nsplinter = 0  ! number of ice splinters per freezing drop, if negative, then per resulting graupel particle

  real,    private :: lawson_splinter_fac = 2.5e-11  ! constant in Lawson et al. (2015, JAS) for ice particle production from freezing drops

  integer, private :: isnwfrac = 0   ! 0= no snow fragmentation; 1 = turn on snow fragmentation (Schuur, 2000)


!  integer, private :: denscale = 1  ! 1=scale num. conc. and charge by air density for advection, 0=turn off for comparison


  real, private  :: qhdpvdn = -1.

  real, private  :: qhacidn = -1.


  integer, private :: iraintypes = 0

  logical, private :: mixedphase = .false.   ! .false.=off, true=on to include mixed phase graupel

  integer, private :: imixedphase = 0

  logical, private :: qsdenmod = .false.     ! true = modify snow density by linear interpolation of snow and rain density

  logical, private :: qhdenmod = .false.     ! true = modify graupel density by linear interpolation of graupel and rain density

  logical, private :: qsvtmod = .false.      ! true = modify snow fall speed by linear interpolation of snow and rain vt

  real   , private :: sheddiam   = 8.0e-03  ! minimum diameter of graupel before shedding occurs

  real    :: sheddiamlg = 10.0e-03  ! diameter of hail to use fwmlarge

  real    :: sheddiam0  = 20.0e-03  ! diameter of hail at which all water is shed


  real    :: fwmhtmptem = -15. ! temperature at which fwmhtmp fully switches to liquid water only being on large particles

  integer :: ifwmhtmptemopt = 1 ! option to use fwmhtmptem (1) or dwet (2) for max liquid at T < 0.

  integer :: ifwmhopt = 2 ! option for calculating maximum liquid fraction when fwmh and/or fwmhl is set to -1

                          ! 1 = maximum based on size of maximum mass diameter

                          ! 2 = integrate over spectrum for maximum liquid (experimental)


  integer :: ihxw2rain = 0 ! = 0 no transfer

                           ! = 1 transfer completely melted (99.5%) graupel/hail to rain when fwmh/fwmhl is set to -1.


  real   , private :: fwms = 0.5 ! maximum liquid water fraction on snow

  real   , private :: fwmh = 0.5 ! maximum liquid water fraction on graupel

  real   , private :: fwmhl = 0.5 ! maximum liquid water fraction on hail

  real    :: fwmlarge = 0.2 ! maximum liquid water fraction on hail larger than sheddiam

  integer :: ifwmfall = 0   ! whether to interpolate toward rain fall speed for graupel and hail

                            ! when diam < sheddiam and liquid fraction is predicted (0=no, 1=yes)


  logical :: rescale_high_alpha = .false.  ! whether to rescale number. conc. when alpha = alphamax (3-moment only)

  logical :: rescale_low_alpha = .true.    ! whether to rescale Z (graupel/hail) when alpha = alphamin (3-moment only)

  logical :: rescale_low_alphar = .true.    ! whether to rescale Z for rain when alpha = alphamin (3-moment only)

  logical :: rescale_low_alphah = .true.    ! whether to rescale Z for rain when alpha = alphamin (3-moment only)

  logical :: rescale_low_alphahl = .true.    ! whether to rescale Z for rain when alpha = alphamin (3-moment only)


  real, parameter :: alpharmax = 8. ! limited for rwvent calculation


  integer, private ::  ihlcnh = -1  ! which graupel -> hail conversion to use

                          ! 1 = Milbrandt and Yau (2005) using Ziegler 1985 wet growth diameter

                          ! 2 = Straka and Mansell (2005) conversion using size threshold

                          ! 3 = Conversion using wet growth diameter

  real, private :: hlcnhdia = 1.e-3 ! threshold diameter for graupel -> hail conversion for ihlcnh = 1 option.

  real, private :: hlcnhqmin = 0.1e-3 ! minimum graupel mass content for graupel -> hail conversion (ihlcnh = 1)

  real   , private :: hldia1 = 10.0e-3  ! threshold diameter for graupel -> hail conversion for ihlcnh = 2 option.

  integer, private  :: incwet = 0    ! flag to do wet growth only on D > D_wet

  integer, private  :: iusedw = 0    ! flag to use experimental wet growth ice diameter for gr -> hl conversion (=1 turns on)

  real   , private  :: dwmin   = 5.0e-3  ! Minimum diameter with iusedw (can stay at 0 or be set to something larger)

  real   , private  :: dwetmin = 5.0e-3  ! Minimum diameter with iusedw (can stay at 0 or be set to something larger)

  real   , private  :: dwmax  = 15.e-3 ! for ihlcnh, always convert this size and larger whether or not there is wet growth

  real   , private  :: dwtempmin = 242. ! lowest temperature to allow wet growth conversion to hail

  real   , private  :: dwehwmin = 0.   ! Minimum ehw to use to find wet growth diameter (if > ehw0, then wet growth diam becomes smaller)

  real   , private  :: dg0thresh = 0.15 ! graupel wet growth diameter above which we say do not bother

  real   , private  :: wetgrthtoffset = -1. ! maximum temperature (Celcius) for wet growth (shedding)

  real   , private  :: hailcnvtoffset = -2. ! maximum temperature (Celcius) for hail conversion

  integer :: ifddenfac = 0  ! = 1 to use density threshold to count FD as GR when converting to HL

  real    :: fddenthresh = 500. ! if ifddenfac > 0, then hail from FD with lower density are considered to come from graupel

  integer :: icvhl2h = 0   ! allow conversion of hail back to graupel when hail density gets close to minimum allowed


  integer, private :: imurain = 1 ! 3 for gamma-volume, 1 for gamma-diameter DSD for rain.

  integer, private :: imusnow = 3 ! 3 for gamma-volume, 1 for gamma-diameter DSD for snow (=1 NOT IMPLEMENTED!!).

  integer, private :: iturbenhance = 0 ! warm-rain collision enhancement

                              ! 1 = enhance autoconversion only

                              ! 2 = add rain collection of cloud

                              ! 3 = add rain self-collection

  integer, private :: isedonly = 0 ! 1= only do sedimentation and skip other microphysics

  integer, private :: iferwisventr = 2 ! =1 for Ferrier rwvent, =2 for Wisner rwvent (imurain=1)

  integer, private :: izwisventr   = 2 ! =1 for old Ziegler rwvent, =2 for Wisner-style rwvent (imurain=3)

  integer :: iresetmoments = 0 ! if >0, then set all moments to zero when one of them is zero (3-moment only)

  integer, private :: imaxdiaopt = 3

                               ! = 1 use mean diameter for breakup

                               ! = 2 use maximum mass diameter for breakup

                               ! = 3 use mass-weighted diameter for breakup

  integer :: irainbreak     = -1 ! -1 : auto sets off for 2-moment and on (=2) for 3-moment

                                 ! 0 = off

                                 ! 1 = on (no diameter dependence) (recommend using option 2)

                                 ! 2 = (recommended) as for 1, but apply factor of 1-ec0 to turn off a smaller diameter (ec0 is rain self-coll factor)

                                 ! 10 = as for 1, but sets ec0=1 for rain self-collection (i.e., no passive breakup); set higher rainbreakfac for this option

                                 ! 11 = breakup for DSD tail only; uses draintail etc.

  integer :: ibincracr      = 0

  real    :: rainbreakfac   = 1.0e6 !  1.e6 for irainbreak=2 (reduce double counting); 2.0e6 for lower hand fit for irainbreak=10; 2.542e6 for 'best' fit

  real    :: draintail      = 10.e-3 ! starting size for rain breakup (irainbreak = 11)

  real    :: drsmall        = 1.e-3 ! size of small drops from breakup (irainbreak = 11)

  real    :: qrbrthresh1    = 0.1e-3 ! lower threshold rain content (kg/m^3) for large drop breakup (irainbreak=11)

  real    :: qrbrthresh2    = 1.0e-3 ! upper threshold rain content (kg/m^3) for large drop breakup (irainbreak=11)

  integer, private :: dmrauto       = 0

                              ! = -1 no limiter on crcnw

                              ! =  0 limit crcnw when qr > 1.2*L (Cohard-Pinty 2002)

                              ! =  1 DTD version based on MY code

                              ! =  2 DTD mass-weighted version based on MY code

                              ! =  3 Milbrandt version (from Cohard and Pinty code

  integer :: dmropt = 0 ! extra option for crcnw

  integer :: dmhlopt = 0 ! options for graupel -> hail conversion

  integer :: irescalerainopt = 3 ! 0 = default option

                                 ! 1 = qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc)

                                 ! 2 = qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) .and. wvel(mgs) < 3.0

                                 ! 3 = temcg(mgs) > 0.0.and. qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) .and. wvel(mgs) < 3.0

  real    :: rescale_wthresh = 3.0

  real    :: rescale_tempthresh = 0.0

  real, parameter :: alpharaut = 0.0 ! MY2005 for autoconversion

  real    :: cxmin = 1.e-8  ! threshold cutoff for number concentration

  real    :: zxmin = 1.e-28 ! threshold cutoff for reflectivity moment


  integer :: ithompsoncnoh = 0 ! For single moment graupel only

                           ! 0 = fixed intercept

                           ! 1 = intercept based on graupel mass


  integer :: ivhmltsoak = 1   ! 0=off, 1=on : flag to simulate soaking (graupel/hail) during melting

                         ! when liquid fraction is not predicted

  logical, private :: iwetsoak = .true. ! soak and freeze during wet growth or not

  integer, private :: ioldlimiter = 0 ! test switch for new(=0) or old(=1) size limiter at the end of GS for 3-moment categories

  integer, private :: isnowfall = 2   ! Option for choosing between snow fall speed parameters

                         ! 1 = original Zrnic et al. (Mansell et al. 2010)

                         ! 2 = Ferrier 1994 (results in slower fall speeds)


  integer, private :: isnowdens = 1   ! Option for choosing between snow density options

                             ! 1 = constant of 100 kg m^-3

                             ! 2 = Option based on Cox


  integer, private  :: ibiggsnow   = 3 ! 1 = switch conversion over to snow for small frozen drops from Bigg freezing

                                       ! 2 = switch conversion over to snow for small frozen drops from rain-ice interaction

                                       ! 3 = switch conversion over to snow for small frozen drops from both

  real    :: biggsnowdiam = -1.0 ! If >0, use for ibiggsnow threshold


  integer, private  :: ixtaltype = 1 ! =1 column, =2 disk (similar to Takahashi)


  real, private  :: takshedsize1 = 0.15 ! diameter (cm) of drop shed from ice with D > 1.9 cm

  real, private  :: takshedsize2 = 0.3 ! diameter (cm) of drop shed from ice with D < 1.9 cm and D > 0.8 cm

  real, private  :: takshedsize3 = 0.45 ! diameter (cm) of drop shed from ice with D < 1.6 cm and D > 0.8 cm

  integer, private  :: numshedregimes = 3


  real, private     :: evapfac     = 1.0 ! Multiplier on rain evaporation rate

  real, private     :: depfac      = 1.0 ! Multiplier on graupel/hail deposition/sublimation rate

  real,private,parameter :: meltfac     = 1.0 ! Multiplier on graupel/hail melting rate


  integer, private :: ibinhmlr = 0  ! =1 use incomplete gammas to determine melting from larger and smaller sizes of graupel, and appropriate shed drop sizes

                           ! =2 to test melting by temporary bins

  integer, private :: ibinhlmlr = 0  ! =1 use incomplete gammas to determine melting from larger and smaller sizes of hail, and appropriate shed drop sizes

                            ! =2 to test melting by temporary bins

  integer, private :: ibinnum   = 2  ! number of bins for melting of smaller ice (for ibinhmlr = 1)

  integer, private :: iqhacrmlr = 1  ! turn on/off qhacrmlr

  integer, private :: iqhlacrmlr = 1  ! turn on/off qhlacrmlr

  integer, private :: iqhacwshr = 1  ! turn on/off qhacw for T > 0

  integer, private :: iqhlacwshr = 1  ! turn on/off qhlacw for T > 0

  real, private :: binmlrmxdia = 40.e-3 ! threshold diameter (graupel/hail) to switch bin-bulk melting to use standard chmlr

  real, private :: binmlrzrrfac = 1.0 ! factor for reflectivity change ice that sheds while melting

  real, private :: snowmeltdia = 0 ! If nonzero, sets the size of rain drops from melting snow.

  real, private :: alphasmlr0 = 14.0 ! shape parameter for drops formed from melting/shedding snow

  real, private :: delta_alphamlr = 0.5 ! offset from alphamax at which melting does not further collapse the shape parameter


  integer, private :: iqvsopt = 1 ! =0 use old default for tabqvs with e/p approx; =1 use Bolton formulation (Rogers and Yau) with e/(p-e)


  integer :: imaxsupopt = 4 ! how to treat saturation adjustment in two-moment droplets

                            ! 1 = add droplets with same mean mass as current droplets

                            ! 2 = add droplets with minimum radius of 30 microns

                            ! 3 = only add 1.5*cxmin to number concentration (allow max size to apply)

                            ! 4 = add droplets with minimum radius of 20 microns

  real    :: maxsupersat = 1.9 ! maximum supersaturation ratio, above which a saturation adustment is done

  real    :: maxlowtempss = 1.08 ! Sat. ratio threshold for allowing droplet nucleation at T < tfrh

  real    :: ssmxuf = 4.0 ! supersaturation at which to start using "ultrafine" CCN (if ccnuf > 0.)


  integer, parameter :: icespheres = 0 ! turn ice spheres (frozen droplets) on (1) or off (0). NOT COMPLETE IN WRF/ARPS/CM1 CODE!

  integer, parameter :: lqmx = 30

  integer, parameter :: lt = 1

  integer, parameter :: lv = 2

  integer, parameter :: lc = 3

  integer, parameter :: lr = 4

  integer, parameter :: li = 5

  integer, private :: lis = 0

  integer, private :: ls = 6

  integer, private :: lh = 7

  integer, private :: lf = 0

  integer, private :: lhl = 0


  integer, private  :: lccn = 9 ! 0 or 9, other indices adjusted accordingly

  integer, private :: lccnuf = 0

  integer, private :: lccna = 0

  integer, private :: lccnaco = 0

  integer, private :: lccnanu = 0

  integer, private :: lcina = 0

  integer, private :: lcin = 0

  integer, private :: lnc = 9

  integer, private :: lnr = 10

  integer, private :: lni = 11

  integer, private :: lnis = 0

  integer, private :: lns = 12

  integer, private :: lnh = 13

  integer, private :: lnf = 0

  integer, private :: lnhl = 0

  integer, private :: lnhf = 0

  integer, private :: lnhlf = 0

  integer, private :: lss = 0

  integer :: lvh = 15


  integer, private :: lhab = 8

  integer, private :: lg = 7


! Particle volume


  integer :: lvi = 0

  integer :: lvs = 0

  integer :: lvgl = 0

  integer :: lvgm = 0

  integer :: lvgh = 0

  integer :: lvf = 0

!  integer :: lvh = 16

  integer :: lvhl = 0


! liquid water fraction (not predicted here but tested for)

  integer :: lhw = 0

  integer :: lfw = 0

  integer :: lsw = 0

  integer :: lhlw = 0

  integer :: lhwlg = 0

  integer :: lhlwlg = 0


! reflectivity (6th moment) ! not predicted here but may be tested against


  integer :: lzr = 0

  integer :: lzi = 0

  integer :: lzs = 0

  integer :: lzgl = 0

  integer :: lzgm = 0

  integer :: lzgh = 0

  integer :: lzf = 0

  integer :: lzh = 0

  integer :: lzhl = 0


! Space charge


  integer :: lscw = 0

  integer :: lscr = 0

  integer :: lsci = 0

  integer :: lscis = 0

  integer :: lscs = 0

  integer :: lsch = 0

  integer :: lscf = 0

  integer :: lschl = 0

  integer :: lscwi = 0

  integer :: lscpi = 0

  integer :: lscni = 0

  integer :: lscpli = 0

  integer :: lscnli = 0

  integer :: lschab = 0


  integer :: lscb = 0

  integer :: lsce = 0

  integer :: lsceq = 0


!  integer, parameter :: lscmx = 100


  integer :: lne = 0 ! last varible for transforming


  real :: cnoh0 = 4.0e+5

  real :: hwdn1 = 700.0


  real    :: alphai  = 0.0 ! shape parameter for ZIEG ice crystals ! not currently used

  real    :: alphas  = 0.0 ! shape parameter for ZIEG snow         ! used only for single moment

  real    :: alphar  = 0.0 ! shape parameter for rain (imurain=1 only)

  real, private    :: alphah  = 0.0 ! set in namelist!! shape parameter for ZIEG graupel

  real, private    :: alphahl = 1.0 ! set in namelist!! shape parameter for ZIEG hail


  real    :: dmuh    = 1.0  ! power in exponential part (graupel)

  real    :: dmuhl   = 1.0  ! power in exponential part (hail)


  real, private   :: alphamax = 15.

  real, private   :: alphamin = 0.

  real, parameter :: rnumin = -0.8

  real, parameter :: rnumax = 15.0


  real            :: cnu = 0.0 ! default value of droplet shape parameter. Can be diagnosed by setting idiagnosecnu=1

  real, parameter :: rnu = -0.8, snu = -0.8, cinu = 0.0

!      parameter ( cnu = 0.0, rnu = -0.8, snu = -0.8, cinu = 0.0 )


  real xnu(lc:lqmx) ! 1st shape parameter (mass)

  real xmu(lc:lqmx) ! 2nd shape parameter (mass)

  real dnu(lc:lqmx) ! 1st shape parameter (diameter)

  real dmu(lc:lqmx) ! 2nd shape parameter (diameter)


  real ax(lc:lqmx)

  real bx(lc:lqmx)

  real fx(lc:lqmx)


      real da0 (lc:lqmx)          ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real dab0(lc:lqmx,lc:lqmx)  ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real dab1(lc:lqmx,lc:lqmx)  ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real da1 (lc:lqmx)          ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real bb  (lc:lqmx)


! put ipelec here for now....

  integer :: ipelec = 0

  integer :: isaund = 0

  logical :: idoniconly = .false.

  integer, private :: elec_on_time = -1     ! time (seconds) to turn on charge separation.

  integer, private :: elec_ramp_time = 0   ! time (interval) for linear ramp after elec_on_time

                                   ! (i.e., linear factor on chg sep to smoothly turn on elec)

                                   ! full charging rate is achieved at time = elec_on_time + elec_ramp_time

  integer :: jchgs = 3  ! number of points near boundary where charging is turned off (to keep lightning from getting wonky)

  integer :: jchgn = 2

  integer :: ichge = 3

  integer :: ichgw = 2

  real    :: charging_border = 4000. ! width of no-charging zone from boundary

      real, private    :: delqnw = -1.0e-10!-1.0e-12 !

      real, private    :: delqxw =  1.0e-10! 1.0e-12 !

      real :: tindmn = 233, tindmx = 298.0  ! min and max temperatures where inductive charging is allowed


      integer, private :: imorrgdnglimit = 0      ! flag to impose limit on graupel slope parameter

      real, private    :: morrdnglimit = 2000.e-6


!

!  gamma function lookup table

!

      integer ngm0,ngm1,ngm2

      parameter(ngm0=3001,ngm1=500,ngm2=500)

      double precision, parameter :: dgam = 0.01, dgami = 100.

      double precision gmoi(0:ngm0) ! ,gmod(0:ngm1,0:ngm2),gmdi(0:ngm1,0:ngm2)


      integer, parameter :: nqiacralpha =  300 !480 ! 240 ! 120 ! 15

      integer, parameter :: nqiacrratio =  400 ! 500 !50  ! 25

!      real,    parameter :: maxratiolu = 25.

      real,    parameter :: maxratiolu = 100. ! 25.

      real,    parameter :: maxalphalu = 15.

      real,    parameter :: minalphalu = -0.95

      real,    parameter :: dqiacralpha = maxalphalu/float(nqiacralpha), dqiacrratio = maxratiolu/float(nqiacrratio)

      real,    parameter :: dqiacrratioinv = 1./dqiacrratio, dqiacralphainv = 1./dqiacralpha

      integer, parameter :: ialpstart = minalphalu*dqiacralphainv

      real :: ciacrratio(0:nqiacrratio,ialpstart:nqiacralpha)

      real :: qiacrratio(0:nqiacrratio,ialpstart:nqiacralpha)

      real :: ziacrratio(0:nqiacrratio,ialpstart:nqiacralpha)

      double precision :: gamxinflu(0:nqiacrratio,ialpstart:nqiacralpha,12,2) ! last index for graupel (1) or hail (2)

!      real :: ciacrratio(0:nqiacrratio,0:nqiacralpha)

!      real :: qiacrratio(0:nqiacrratio,0:nqiacralpha)

!      real :: ziacrratio(0:nqiacrratio,0:nqiacralpha)

!      double precision :: gamxinflu(0:nqiacrratio,0:nqiacralpha,12,2) ! last index for graupel (1) or hail (2)


! for 3-moment collection coefficients

      real, save :: dab0lu(ialpstart:nqiacralpha,ialpstart:nqiacralpha,lc:lqmx,lc:lqmx)  ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real, save :: dab1lu(ialpstart:nqiacralpha,ialpstart:nqiacralpha,lc:lqmx,lc:lqmx)  ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005


    integer, parameter :: ngdnmm = 9

    real :: mmgraupvt(ngdnmm,3)  ! Milbrandt and Morrison (2013) fall speed coefficients for graupel/hail


    DATA mmgraupvt(:,1) / 50., 150., 250., 350., 450., 550., 650., 750., 850./

    DATA mmgraupvt(:,2) / 62.923, 94.122, 114.74, 131.21, 145.26, 157.71, 168.98, 179.36, 189.02 /

    DATA mmgraupvt(:,3) / 0.67819, 0.63789, 0.62197, 0.61240, 0.60572, 0.60066, 0.59663, 0.59330, 0.59048 /


      integer lsc(lc:lqmx)

      integer ln(lc:lqmx)

      integer ipc(lc:lqmx)

      integer lvol(lc:lqmx)

      integer lz(lc:lqmx)

      integer lliq(li:lqmx)

      integer linfall(lc:lqmx)

      integer denscale(lc:lqmx) ! flag for density scaling (mixing ratio conversion)


      integer ido(lc:lqmx)

      logical ldovol


      real xdn0(lc:lqmx)

      real xdnmx(lc:lqmx), xdnmn(lc:lqmx)

      real cdx(lc:lqmx)

      real cno(lc:lqmx)

      real xvmn(lc:lqmx), xvmx(lc:lqmx)

      real qxmin(lc:lqmx)

      real qxmin_init(lc:lqmx)


      integer nqsat

      parameter(nqsat=1000001) ! (nqsat=20001)

      real fqsat,fqsati

      parameter(fqsat=0.002,fqsati=1./fqsat)

      real tabqvs(nqsat),tabqis(nqsat),dtabqvs(nqsat),dtabqis(nqsat)


!

!  constants

!

      real, parameter :: ar = 841.99666         ! rain terminal velocity power law coefficient (LFO)

      real, parameter :: br = 0.8               ! rain terminal velocity power law coefficient (LFO)

      real, parameter :: aradcw = -0.27544      !

      real, parameter :: bradcw = 0.26249e+06   !

      real, parameter :: cradcw = -1.8896e+10   !

      real, parameter :: dradcw = 4.4626e+14    !

      real, parameter :: bta1 = 0.6             ! beta-1 constant used for ice nucleation by deposition (Ferrier 94, among others)

      real, parameter :: cnit = 1.0e-02         ! No for ice nucleation by deposition (Cotton et al. 86)

      real, parameter :: dragh = 0.60           ! coefficient used to adjust fall speed for hail versus graupel (Pruppacher and Klett 78)

      real, parameter :: dnz00 = 1.225          ! reference/MSL air density

      real, parameter :: rho00 = 1.225          ! reference/MSL air density

!      cs = 4.83607122       ! snow terminal velocity power law coefficient (LFO)

!      ds = 0.25             ! snow terminal velocity power law coefficient (LFO)

!  new values for  cs and ds

      real, parameter :: cs = 12.42             ! snow terminal velocity power law coefficient

      real, parameter :: ds = 0.42              ! snow terminal velocity power law coefficient

      real :: cp608 = 0.608          ! constant used in conversion of T to Tv

      real :: gr = 9.8


      real, parameter :: pi = 3.141592653589793

      real, parameter :: piinv = 1./pi

      real, parameter :: pid4 = pi/4.0


!

! max and min mean volumes

!

      real xvrmn, xvrmx0  ! min, max rain volumes

      real xvsmn, xvsmx  ! min, max snow volumes

      real xvfmn, xvfmx  ! min, max frozen drop volumes

      real xvgmn, xvgmx  ! min, max graupel volumes

      real xvhmn, xvhmn0, xvhmx, xvhmx0  ! min, max hail volumes

      real xvhlmn, xvhlmx, xvhlmx0  ! min, max lg hail volumes


      real, parameter :: dhlmn = 0.3e-3

      real, parameter :: dhmn0 = 0.3e-3

      real, private :: dhmn = dhmn0, dhmx = -1.,  dhlmx = -1. !  40.e-3


      real, parameter :: cwradn = 2.0e-6, xcradmn = cwradn    ! minimum radius

      real, parameter :: cwradx = 60.e-6, xcradmx = cwradx    ! maximum radius

      real, parameter :: cwc1 = 6.0/(pi*1000.)


!      parameter( xvcmn=4.188e-18 )   ! mks  min volume = 3 micron radius

      real, parameter :: xvcmn=0.523599*(2.*cwradn)**3    ! mks  min volume = 2.5 micron radius

      real, parameter :: xvcmx=0.523599*(2.*xcradmx)**3    ! mks  max volume = 60 micron radius

      real, parameter :: cwmasn = 1000.*xvcmn   ! minimum mass, defined by radius of 5.0e-6

      real, parameter :: cwmasx = 1000.*xvcmx   ! maximum mass, defined by radius of 50.0e-6

      real, parameter :: cwmasn5 = 1000.*0.523599*(2.*5.0e-6)**3 !  5.23e-13


      real, parameter :: xvimn=0.523599*(2.*5.e-6)**3    ! mks  min volume = 5 micron radius

      real, parameter :: xvimx=0.523599*(2.*1.e-3)**3    ! mks  max volume = 1 mm radius (solid sphere approx)


      real, private   :: xvdmx = -1.0 ! 3.0e-3

      real     :: xvrmx

      parameter( xvrmn=0.523599*(80.e-6)**3, xvrmx0=0.523599*(6.e-3)**3 ) !( was 4.1887e-9 )  ! mks

      parameter( xvsmn=0.523599*(0.01e-3)**3, xvsmx=0.523599*(10.e-3)**3 ) !( was 4.1887e-9 )  ! mks

      parameter( xvfmn=0.523599*(0.1e-3)**3, xvfmx=0.523599*(10.e-3)**3 )  ! mks xvfmx = (pi/6)*(10mm)**3

      parameter( xvgmn=0.523599*(0.1e-3)**3, xvgmx=0.523599*(10.e-3)**3 )  ! mks xvfmx = (pi/6)*(10mm)**3

      parameter( xvhmn0=0.523599*(0.3e-3)**3, xvhmx0=0.523599*(20.e-3)**3 )  ! mks xvfmx = (pi/6)*(20mm)**3

      parameter( xvhlmn=0.523599*(dhlmn)**3, xvhlmx0=0.523599*(40.e-3)**3 )  ! mks xvfmx = (pi/6)*(40mm)**3


!

!  electrical permitivity of air C / (N m**2) -  check the units

!

      real eperao

      parameter(eperao  = 8.8592e-12 )


      real ec,eci  ! fundamental unit of charge

      parameter(ec = 1.602e-19)

      parameter(eci = 1.0/ec)


      real    :: scwppmx = 20.0e-12

      real    :: scippmx = 20.0e-12

!

!  constants

!

      real, parameter :: c1f3 = 1.0/3.0


      real, parameter :: cai = 21.87455

      real, parameter :: caw = 17.2693882

      real, parameter :: cbi = 7.66

      real, parameter :: cbw = 35.86


      real, parameter :: cbwbolton = 29.65 ! constants for Bolton formulation

      real, parameter :: cawbolton = 17.67

      real, parameter :: esbolton = 6.112e2


      real, parameter :: tfrh = 233.15

! --------------------------

      ! For CCPP, the following variables should be set by the host model, but initial values are set just in case

      real :: tfr = 273.15

      real :: cp = 1004.0, rd = 287.04

      real :: rw = 461.5              ! gas const. for water vapor

      real :: cpl = 4190.0

      real :: cpigb = 2106.0

      real :: cpi = 1.0/1004.0

      real :: cap = 287.04/1004.0

      real :: tfrcbw = 273.15 - cbw

      real :: tfrcbi = 273.15 - cbi

      real :: rovcp = 287.04/1004.0

      real :: rdorv = 0.622

! --------------------------

      real, parameter :: poo = 1.0e+05

      real, parameter :: advisc0 = 1.832e-05     ! reference dynamic viscosity (SMT; see Beard & Pruppacher 71)

      real, parameter :: advisc1 = 1.718e-05     ! dynamic viscosity constant used in thermal conductivity calc

      real, parameter :: tka0 = 2.43e-02         ! reference thermal conductivity


     ! GHB: Needed for eqtset=2 in cm1

!     REAL, PRIVATE ::      cv = cp - rd

      real, private, parameter ::      cv = 717.0             ! specific heat at constant volume - air

      REAL, PRIVATE, parameter ::      cvv = 1408.5

     ! GHB


      real, parameter ::  bfnu0 = (rnu + 2.0)/(rnu + 1.0)

      real :: ventr, ventrn, ventc, c1sw


      real :: cckm,ccne,ccnefac,cnexp,CCNE0


      integer, public :: na = 9

      integer :: nxtra = 1

      real gf4p5, gf4ds, gf4br

      real gsnow1, gsnow53, gsnow73

      real gfcinu1, gfcinu1p47, gfcinu2p47

      real gfcinu1p22,gfcinu2p22

      real gfcinu1p18,gfcinu2p18


      real :: cwchtmp0 = 1.0

      real :: cwchltmp0 = 1.0


      real    :: esctot = 1.0e-13


      integer iexy(lc:lqmx,lc:lqmx)

      integer :: ieswi = 1,  ieswc = 1, ieswr = 0

      integer :: iehlsw = 1, iehli = 1,  iehlc = 1, iehlr = 0

      integer :: iehwsw = 1, iehwi = 1,  iehwc = 1, iehwr = 0


      logical, parameter :: do_satadj_for_wrfchem = .true.


      integer, private :: lcn_nu = 0 ! 27  ! need to check no conflict with other variables

      integer, private :: lcn_ac = 0 ! 28

      integer, private :: lcn_co = 0 ! 29

      integer, private :: lcinp  = 0 ! 30

      integer, private :: ac_opt = 0 ! option flag for: (1 and 2 currently for NUWRF only)

                                       ! 0 : normal NSSL CCN physics

                                       ! 1 : accumulation mode CN following Fridland et al. (2012, 2017),

                                       !     where CCN number is sum of unactivated CCN and droplet concentrations

                                       ! 2 : As for 1 but have three modes (but does not partition activated CCN)

                                       ! 11: As for 1 but track activated CCN as a separate category (CN category advects only)

                                       ! 22: As for 11 but 3 modes, each with its own activation tracer

      real,    private :: ac_wthresh = 10.0 ! for W < ac_wthresh, use max of sswater and diagnosed SS; otherwise use sswater

      logical, private :: nuaccoinp = .false.


! T.Iguchi Y2021 Update

!      logical :: ac_only = .true.  ! flag for considering ac_mode of CN only, or all nu,ac,co modes (still under construction)


      logical, private :: arg_para = .true.  ! flag for Abdul-Razzak_and_Ghan parameterization works similarly to flag_qndrop, and neglects irenuc, ccna(mgs), and cnuc(mgs)

      real,    private :: nu_pmr = 7.5 * 1.e-3 * 1.e-6  ! aerosol radius (meter); these parameter values follow Cheng et al. (2007QJ)

      real,    private :: nu_pgw = 0.53  ! Unlike original Abdul-Razzak_and_Ghan, this value is used without log (Cheng et al. 2007QJ)

      real,    private :: nu_kappa = 0.07  ! ammonium sulfate as CCN (Petters and Kreidenweis, 2007ACP)

      real,    private :: ac_pmr = 3.8 * 1.e-2 * 1.e-6  ! aerosol radius (meter)

      real,    private :: ac_pgw = 0.69

      real,    private :: ac_kappa = 0.61  ! ammonium sulfate as CCN (Petters and Kreidenweis, 2007ACP)

      real,    private :: co_pmr = 0.51 * 1.e-6  ! aerosol radius (meter)

      real,    private :: co_pgw = 0.77

      real,    private :: co_kappa = 0.61  ! ammonium sulfate as CCN (Petters and Kreidenweis, 2007ACP)


      real, parameter :: cn_minlimit = 1.e3  ! 1.e3 m-3 = 0.001 cm-3


      logical :: dm15_para = .false.  ! flag for DeMott et al. (2015) parameterization for heterogenous freezing, regardless of "ibfc"


! Note to users: Many of these options are for development and not guaranteed to perform well.

! Some may not be functional depending on the version of the code.

! Some may be useful for ensemble physics diversity. Feel free to contact Ted Mansell if you have questions

! in that regard.

  namelist /nssl_mp_params/               &

! nuwrf 3-mode params

                        ac_opt,arg_para, &

                        ac_kappa, ac_pmr, ac_pgw, &

                        nu_kappa, nu_pmr, nu_pgw, &

                        co_kappa, co_pmr, co_pgw, &

! ---

                        ndebug, ncdebug,&

                        iusewetgraupel, &

                        iusewethail,    &

                        iusewetsnow,    &

                        idbzci,         &

                        vtmaxsed,       &

                        itfall,iscfall, &

                        infall,irfall,isfall,iifall,  &

                        rssflg,         &

                        sssflg,         &

                        hssflg,         &

                        hlssflg,        &

                        irainbreak, rainbreakfac, &

                        irimdenopt,rimdenvwgt,     &

                        rimc1, rimc2, rimc3, rimc4,   &

                        idiagnosecnu,   &

                        icnuclimit,     &

                        irenuc, ccn,    &

                        restoreccn, ccntimeconst, cck, &

                        decayufccn, ufccntimeconst, &

                        switchccn, old_cccn,  &

                        ciintmx,        &

                        itype1, itype2, &

                        icenucopt, in_freeze_rain_first,     &

                        naer,           &

                        icfn,           &

                        ibfc, iacr, icracr, &

                        icracrthresh,   &

                        cwfrz2snowfrac, cwfrz2snowratio, &

                        ibfr,           &

                        ibiggopt,       &

                        ibiggsmallrain, &

                        ifrzg,ifiacrg,  &

                        ifrzs,ffrzs,    &

                        iacrsize,       &

                        cimas0, cimas1, cfnfac, &

                        splintermass,   &

                        ewfac,          &

                        eii0, eii1,     &

                        eri0, esi0,     &

                        eri_cimin,      &

                        eii0hl, eii1hl, &

                        ehs0, ehs1,     &

                        ess0, ess1, iessopt,    &

                        esstem1,esstem2, &

                        ircnw, qminrncw,& ! single-moment only

                        iglcnvi,        &

                        iglcnvs,        &

                        alphahacx,      &

                        fconv,          &

                        eqtot,          &

                        imeyers5,       &

                        iehw,           &

                        ierw,           &

                        iehr0c,iehlr0c, &

                        alphai,         &

                        alphar,         &

                        alphas,         & ! note that alphah and alphahl come through physics namelist

                        cnu,            &

                        iscni,fscni,    &

                        dfrz,           &

                        dmlt,           &

                        rainfallfac,    &

                        icefallfac,     &

                        snowfallfac,    &

                        graupelfallfac,    &

                        hailfallfac,    &

                        icefallopt,     &

                        icdx,icdxhl,    &

                        axh,bxh,axf,bxf,axhl,bxhl, &

                        cdhmin, cdhmax,       &

                        cdhdnmin, cdhdnmax,   &

                        cdhlmin, cdhlmax,     &

                        cdhldnmin, cdhldnmax, &

                        ihmlt,          &

                        ehimin,         &

                        ehimax,         &

                        ehsmax,         &

                        ecollmx,        &

                        eiw0, esw0,     &

                        ehw0, ehlw0,    &

                        ehr0, ehlr0,    &

                        erw0,           &

                        exwmindiam,     &

                        nsplinter,      &

                        lawson_splinter_fac, &

                        iqcinit,        &

                        ssmxinit,      &

                        xvdmx,          &

                        dhmn, dhmx, dhlmx,     &

                        fwms,fwmh,fwmhl,  &

                        ifwmhopt,         &

                        ihxw2rain,        &

                        fwmlarge,         &

                        ifwmfall,         &

                        iturbenhance,     &

                        qsdenmod,qhdenmod, &

                        qsvtmod,          &

                        alphamin,alphamax, &

                        isnwfrac,          &

                        rescale_low_alpha, &

                        rescale_low_alphar, &

                        rescale_low_alphah, &

                        rescale_low_alphahl, &

                        rescale_high_alpha, &

                        ihlcnh, hldia1,iusedw, dwehwmin, dwmin, dwmax, dwtempmin, dg0thresh, incwet, &

                        wetgrthtoffset, hailcnvtoffset, &

                        icvhl2h, hldnmn,hdnmn,    &

                        hlcnhdia, hlcnhqmin, &

                        isedonly,           &

                        iresetmoments,      &

                        cxmin, zxmin,       &

                        imurain,            &

                        iferwisventr,       &

                        izwisventr,         &

                        qhdpvdn,            &

                        qhacidn,            &

                        sheddiam,sheddiamlg, &

                        sheddiam0,           &

                        mltdiam1,mltdiam2,mltdiam3,mltdiam4,mltdiam05, &

                        imaxdiaopt,          &

                        ithompsoncnoh,       &

                        cnohmn,             &

                        ivhmltsoak,         &

                        ioldlimiter,        &

                        isnowfall,          &

                        isnowdens,          &

                        ibiggsnow,          &

                        ixtaltype,          &

                        evapfac,    &

                        depfac,             &

                        dmrauto,irescalerainopt, dmropt,dmhlopt,     &

                        rescale_tempthresh, rescale_wthresh, &

                        ibinhmlr,ibinhlmlr,imltshddmr, binmlrmxdia, binmlrzrrfac,ibinnum,   &

                        iqhacrmlr, iqhlacrmlr, &

                        snowmeltdia,    &

                        delta_alphamlr, &

                        iqvsopt,     &

                        maxsupersat, &

                        do_accurate_sedimentation, interval_sedi_vt

! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


 CONTAINS


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


 REAL FUNCTION fqvs(t)

  implicit none

  real :: t

  fqvs = exp(caw*(t-273.15)/(t-cbw))

 END FUNCTION fqvs


 REAL FUNCTION fqis(t)

  implicit none

  real :: t

  fqis = exp(cai*(t-273.15)/(t-cbi))

 END FUNCTION fqis


!==========================================================================================!


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


       SUBROUTINE nssl_2mom_init_const(  &

         con_g, con_rd, con_cp, con_rv, con_t0c, con_cliq, con_csol, con_eps )


         implicit none

         real, intent(in) :: con_g, con_rd, con_cp, con_rv, &

                             con_t0c, con_cliq, con_csol, con_eps


       gr = con_g

       tfr = con_t0c

       cp = con_cp

       rd = con_rd

       rw = con_rv

       rdorv = con_eps

       cpl = con_cliq ! 4190.0

       cpigb = con_csol ! 2106.0

       cpi = 1./cp

       cap = rd/cp

       tfrcbw = tfr - cbw

       tfrcbi = tfr - cbi

       rovcp = rd/cp


        RETURN


       END SUBROUTINE nssl_2mom_init_const


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


       SUBROUTINE nssl_2mom_init(  &

     & ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme, nssl_params, ipctmp, mixphase,ihvol,idoniconlytmp, &

     & namelist_filename, internal_nml, &

     & nssl_graupelfallfac, &

     & nssl_hailfallfac, &

     & nssl_ehw0, &

     & nssl_ehlw0, &

     & nssl_icdx, &

     & nssl_icdxhl, &

     & nssl_icefallfac, &

     & nssl_snowfallfac, &

     & nssl_cccn,   &

     & nssl_ufccn,  &

     & nssl_alphah, &

     & nssl_alphahl, &

     & nssl_alphar, &

     & nssl_density_on, nssl_hail_on, nssl_ccn_on, nssl_icecrystals_on, ccn_is_ccna, &

     & nssl_ccn_opt, &

     & errmsg, errflg, &

     & infileunit, &

     & myrank, mpiroot &

     )


  implicit none


   real, intent(in), optional ::  &

     & nssl_graupelfallfac, &

     & nssl_hailfallfac, &

     & nssl_ehw0, &

     & nssl_ehlw0, &

     & nssl_icefallfac, &

     & nssl_snowfallfac, &

     & nssl_cccn,   &

     & nssl_alphah, &

     & nssl_alphahl, &

     & nssl_alphar

   integer, intent(in), optional ::  &

     & nssl_icdx,                    &

     & nssl_icdxhl, myrank, mpiroot, &

     & nssl_ufccn,                   &

     & nssl_ccn_opt

   logical, intent(in), optional :: nssl_density_on, nssl_ccn_on, nssl_hail_on, nssl_icecrystals_on

   integer, intent(inout), optional :: ccn_is_ccna


  integer, intent(in),optional      :: infileunit


  integer,parameter::strsize=64

  character(len=*),       intent(in), optional :: internal_nml(:)

  character(len=strsize), intent(in), optional :: namelist_filename

  character(len=strsize) :: namelist_inputfile


   ! CCPP error handling

   character(len=*), intent(  out) :: errmsg

   integer,          intent(  out) :: errflg

   integer, intent(in), optional :: ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme


   real,  intent(in), dimension(20), optional :: nssl_params


   integer, intent(in) :: ipctmp,mixphase

   integer, optional, intent(in) :: ihvol

   logical, optional, intent(in) :: idoniconlytmp


    integer :: igvol_local = 1

    logical :: wrote_namelist = .false.

    logical :: wrf_dm_on_monitor

    integer :: hail_on = -1, density_on = -1, icecrystals_on = 1

    integer :: ccn_on = -1


     double precision :: arg,cwch

     real    :: temq

     integer :: igam

     integer :: i,il,j,l

     integer :: ltmp

     integer :: isub

     real    :: bxh1,bxhl1


      real    :: alp,ratio

      double precision  :: x,y,y2,y7

      logical :: turn_on_ccna, turn_on_cina

      integer :: iufccn = 0

      integer :: istat


      real :: alpjj, alpii, xnuii, xnujj

      integer :: ii, jj


     errmsg = ''

     errflg = 0

     turn_on_ccna = .false.

     turn_on_cina = .false.


!      IF ( present( igvol ) ) THEN

!        igvol_local = igvol

!      ENDIF


      IF ( present( nssl_hail_on ) ) THEN

        IF ( nssl_hail_on ) THEN

          hail_on = 1

        ELSE

          hail_on = 0

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( present( nssl_density_on ) ) THEN

        IF ( nssl_density_on ) THEN

          density_on = 1

        ELSE

          density_on = 0

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( present( nssl_icecrystals_on ) ) THEN

        IF ( nssl_icecrystals_on ) THEN

          icecrystals_on = 1

        ELSE

          icecrystals_on = 0

          ! renucfrac = 1.0 ! why was this set to 1?

          ffrzs = 1.0

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


!

! set some global values from namelist input

!


      IF ( present( nssl_params ) ) THEN

      ccn      = abs( nssl_params(1) )

      alphah   = nssl_params(2)

      alphahl  = nssl_params(3)

      cnoh     = nssl_params(4)

      cnohl    = nssl_params(5)

      cnor     = nssl_params(6)

      cnos     = nssl_params(7)

      rho_qh   = nssl_params(8)

      rho_qhl  = nssl_params(9)

      rho_qs   = nssl_params(10)

      IF ( nint(nssl_params(13)) == 1 ) THEN

      ! hack to switch CCN field to CCNA (activated ccn)

!       invertccn = .true.

        turn_on_ccna = .true.

        irenuc = 5

      ENDIF

      ccnuf     = abs( nssl_params(14) )

      IF ( present(nssl_ufccn) ) iufccn = nssl_ufccn


      ENDIF

       alphar   = nssl_params(15)

!      ipelec   = Nint(nssl_params(11))

!      isaund   = Nint(nssl_params(12))


      IF ( present(nssl_graupelfallfac) ) graupelfallfac = nssl_graupelfallfac

      IF ( present(nssl_hailfallfac) ) hailfallfac = nssl_hailfallfac

      IF ( present(nssl_ehw0) ) THEN

        IF ( nssl_ehw0 > 0.0 ) ehw0 = nssl_ehw0

      ENDIF

      IF ( present(nssl_ehlw0) ) THEN

        IF ( nssl_ehlw0 > 0.0 ) ehlw0 = nssl_ehlw0

      ENDIF

      IF ( present(nssl_icdx) ) icdx = nssl_icdx

      IF ( present(nssl_icdxhl) ) icdxhl = nssl_icdxhl

      IF ( present(nssl_icefallfac) ) icefallfac = nssl_icefallfac

      IF ( present(nssl_snowfallfac) ) snowfallfac = nssl_snowfallfac

      IF ( present(nssl_cccn) ) THEN

        IF (nssl_cccn > 1 ) ccn = nssl_cccn

      ENDIF

      IF ( present(nssl_alphah) ) THEN

        IF ( nssl_alphah > -1. ) alphah = nssl_alphah

      ENDIF

      IF ( present(nssl_alphahl) ) THEN

        IF ( nssl_alphahl > -1. ) alphahl = nssl_alphahl

      ENDIF

      IF ( present(nssl_alphar) ) THEN

        IF ( nssl_alphar > -1.0 ) alphar = nssl_alphar

      ENDIF


    ipconc = ipctmp


    IF ( ihlcnh <= 0 ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc < 5 ) THEN

        ihlcnh = 0

      ELSEIF ( ipconc == 5 ) THEN

       ihlcnh = 3

      ELSEIF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN

       ihlcnh = 3

      ENDIF

    ENDIF


    ! turn on active rain breakup by default for 3-moment rain since it has no implicit breakup from sedimentation

    ! Check this after namelist read so that user can set irainbreak=0 to turn off

    IF ( irainbreak == -1 ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN

        irainbreak = 2

      ELSE

        irainbreak = 0

      ENDIF

    ENDIF


#ifdef INTERNAL_FILE_NML

    read (internal_nml, nml = nssl_mp_params, iostat=istat)

#else


    namelist_inputfile = 'namelist.input' ! default for WRF/cm1

    IF ( present( namelist_filename ) ) THEN

       namelist_inputfile = namelist_filename

    ELSE

       namelist_inputfile = 'input.nml'

    ENDIF


    open(15,file=trim(namelist_inputfile),status='old',form='formatted',action='read')

    rewind(15)

    read(15,nml=nssl_mp_params,iostat=istat)

    close(15)

#endif

    IF ( .true. ) THEN ! set to true to enable internal namelist read

      IF ( present ( myrank ) .and. present ( mpiroot ) ) THEN

        IF ( myrank == mpiroot ) THEN

         IF ( istat /= 0 ) THEN

           write(0,*) 'NSSL_2MOM_INIT: PROBLEM WITH NSSL_MP_PARAMS namelist: not found or bad token'

         ENDIF


!         write(0,*) 'iusewetsnow = ',iusewetsnow


         open(15,file='nssl_mp_params.out',status='unknown',form='formatted')

         write(15,nml=nssl_mp_params)

         close(15)

        ENDIF

      ENDIF

     ENDIF


      IF ( iufccn > 0 ) THEN ! make sure to use option that uses UF ccn

        irenuc = 7

        IF ( ccnuf <= 0.0 ) decayufccn = .true. ! assume surface emission and need decay

        IF ( i_uf_or_ccn > 0 ) THEN

          ufbackground = 0.0

          ccntimeconst = ufccntimeconst

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


        IF ( present( nssl_ccn_on ) ) THEN

          IF ( nssl_ccn_on ) THEN

            ccn_on = 1

            IF ( present( nssl_ccn_opt ) ) THEN

               IF ( nssl_ccn_opt > 10 ) ac_opt = 22

            ENDIF

          ELSE

            ccn_on = 0

            irenuc = 2

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


      IF ( irenuc >= 5 ) THEN

        turn_on_ccna = .true.

        IF ( present( nssl_ccn_on ) ) THEN

          IF ( .not. nssl_ccn_on ) THEN

           errmsg = 'NSSL_MP Error: Must have nssl_ccn_on=1/true for irenuc >= 5!'

           errflg = 1

           return

          ENDIF

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( present( ccn_is_ccna ) .and. ccn_on == 1 ) THEN

        IF ( ccn_is_ccna > 0 ) THEN

          turn_on_ccna = .true.

        ELSE

          IF ( irenuc >= 5 ) THEN

            ccn_is_ccna = 1

          ENDIF

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      cwccn = ccn


      lhab = 8

      lhl = 8

      IF ( icespheres >= 1 ) THEN

        lhab = lhab + 1

        lis = li + 1

        ls = ls + 1

        lh = lh + 1

        lhl = lhl + 1

      ENDIF

      IF ( hail_on == -1 ) THEN ! hail_on is not set

        hail_on = 1

        IF ( ihvol <= -1 .or. ihvol == 2 ) THEN

          IF ( ihvol == -1 .or. ihvol == -2 ) THEN

          lhab = lhab - 1  ! turns off hail

          lhl = 0

          hail_on = 0

          ! past me thought it would be a good idea to change graupel factors when hail is off....

          ! ehw0 = 0.75

          ! iehw = 2

          ! dfrz = Max( dfrz, 0.5e-3 )

          ENDIF

          IF ( ihvol == -2 .or. ihvol == 2 .or. icecrystals_on == 0 ) THEN ! ice crystals are turned off

           ! a value of 2? means to turn off ice crystals but turn on hail

           ! renucfrac = 1.0 ! why?

            ffrzs = 1.0

           ! idoci = 0 ! try this later

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


      ELSE ! hail_on is set

        IF ( hail_on == 0 ) THEN

          lhab = lhab - 1  ! turns off hail

          lhl = 0

        ELSE

          ! assume default that hail is on

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( density_on == -1 ) THEN ! density flag not set, so default is to predict it

        density_on = 1

      ENDIF


      IF ( iresetmoments == 0 ) iresetmoments = 1 ! lhl

!      write(0,*) 'wrf_init: lhab,lhl,hail_on,density_on = ',lhab,lhl,hail_on,density_on


!      IF ( ipelec > 0 ) idonic = .true.


!

! Build lookup table for saturation mixing ratio (Soong and Ogura 73)

!


      do l = 1,nqsat

      temq = 163.15 + (l-1)*fqsat

      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

      tabqvs(l) = exp(caw*(temq-273.15)/(temq-cbw))

      dtabqvs(l) = ((-caw*(-273.15 + temq))/(temq - cbw)**2 + &

     &                 caw/(temq - cbw))*tabqvs(l)

      ELSE

      tabqvs(l) = exp(cawbolton*(temq-273.15)/(temq-cbwbolton))

      dtabqvs(l) = ((-cawbolton*(-273.15 + temq))/(temq - cbwbolton)**2 + &

     &                 cawbolton/(temq - cbwbolton))*tabqvs(l)

      ENDIF

      tabqis(l) = exp(cai*(temq-273.15)/(temq-cbi))

      dtabqis(l) = ((-cai*(-273.15 + temq))/(temq - cbi)**2 + &

     &                 cai/(temq - cbi))*tabqis(l)


      end do


      bx(lr) = 0.85

      ax(lr) = 1647.81

      fx(lr) = 135.477


      IF ( icdx == 6 ) THEN

        bx(lh) = 0.6 ! Milbrandt and Morrison (2013) for density of 550.

        ax(lh) = 157.71

!      ELSEIF ( icdx == 1 ) THEN

!        bx(lh) = bxh

!        ax(lh) = axh

      ELSEIF ( icdx > 1 ) THEN

        bx(lh) = 0.5

        ax(lh) = 75.7149

      ELSEIF ( icdx == 0 ) THEN

        bx(lh) = 0.37 ! 0.6  ! Ferrier 1994 graupel

        ax(lh) = 19.3

      ELSE ! icdx < 0

!        ax(lh) = 206.984 ! Ferrier 1994 hail/frozen drops

!        bx(lh) = 0.6384

        bx(lh) = bxh

        ax(lh) = axh

      ENDIF


!      bx(lh) = 0.6


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

        IF ( icdxhl == 6 ) THEN

          bx(lhl) = 0.593 ! Milbrandt and Morrison (2013) for density of 750.

          ax(lhl) = 179.36

        ELSEIF (icdxhl == 0 ) THEN

          ax(lhl) = 206.984 ! Ferrier 1994

          bx(lhl) = 0.6384

        ELSEIF (icdxhl > 0 ) THEN

         bx(lhl) = 0.5

         ax(lhl) = 75.7149

        ELSE

         bx(lhl) = bxhl

         ax(lhl) = axhl

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


! fill in the complete gamma function lookup table

     gmoi(0) = 1.d32

     do igam = 1,ngm0

      arg = dgam*igam

      gmoi(igam) = gamma_dp(arg)

     end do


     ! build lookup table to compute the number and mass fractions of particles

     ! (mu=1) greater than a given diameter. Used for qiacr and ciacr

     ! Uses incomplete gamma functions

     ! The terms with bxh or bxhl will be off if the actual bxh or bxhl is different from the base value (icdx=6 option)


      bxh1 = bx(lh)

      bxhl1 = bx(max(lh,lhl))


!      DO j = 0,nqiacralpha

      DO j = ialpstart,nqiacralpha

      alp = float(j)*dqiacralpha

      y = gamma_dpr(1.+alp)

      y2 = gamma_dpr(2.+alp)

      DO i = 0,nqiacrratio

        ratio = float(i)*dqiacrratio

        x = gamxinfdp( 1.+alp, ratio )

!        write(0,*) 'i, x/y = ',i, x/y

        ciacrratio(i,j) = x/y


        ! graupel (.,.,.,1)

        gamxinflu(i,j,1,1) = x/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,2,1) = gamxinfdp( 2.0+alp, ratio )/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,3,1) = gamxinfdp( 2.5+alp+0.5*bxh1, ratio )/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,5,1) = (gamma_dpr(5.0+alp) - gamxinfdp( 5.0+alp, ratio ))/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,6,1) = (gamma_dpr(5.5+alp+0.5*bxh1) - gamxinfdp( 5.5+alp+0.5*bxh1, ratio ))/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,9,1) = gamxinfdp( 1.0+alp, ratio )/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,10,1)= gamxinfdp( 4.0+alp, ratio )/y


        gamxinflu(i,j,12,1) = gamxinfdp( 2.0+alp, ratio )/y2


        ! hail (.,.,.,2)

        gamxinflu(i,j,1,2) = gamxinflu(i,j,1,1)

        gamxinflu(i,j,2,2) = gamxinflu(i,j,2,1)

        gamxinflu(i,j,3,2) = gamxinfdp( 2.5+alp+0.5*bxhl1, ratio )/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,5,2) = gamxinflu(i,j,5,1)

        gamxinflu(i,j,6,2) = (gamma_dpr(5.5+alp+0.5*bxhl1) - gamxinfdp( 5.5+alp+0.5*bxhl1, ratio ))/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,9,2) = gamxinflu(i,j,9,1)

        gamxinflu(i,j,10,2)= gamxinflu(i,j,10,1)


      IF ( alp > 1.1 ) THEN

!       gamxinflu(i,j,7,1) = gamxinfdp( alp - 1., ratio )/y

       gamxinflu(i,j,7,1) = (gamma_dpr(alp - 1.) - gamxinfdp( alp - 1., ratio ))/y

!       gamxinflu(i,j,8,1) = gamxinfdp( alp - 0.5 + 0.5*bxh, ratio )/y

       gamxinflu(i,j,8,1) = (gamma_dpr(alp - 0.5 + 0.5*bxh1) - gamxinfdp( alp - 0.5 + 0.5*bxh1, ratio ))/y

!       gamxinflu(i,j,8,2) = gamxinfdp( alp - 0.5 + 0.5*bxhl1, ratio )/y

       gamxinflu(i,j,8,2) = (gamma_dpr(alp - 0.5 + 0.5*bxhl1) - gamxinfdp( alp - 0.5 + 0.5*bxhl1, ratio ))/y

      ELSE

!       gamxinflu(i,j,7,1) = gamxinfdp( .1, ratio )/y

       gamxinflu(i,j,7,1) = (gamma_dpr(0.1) - gamxinfdp( 0.1, ratio ) )/y

!       gamxinflu(i,j,8,1) = gamxinfdp( 1.1 - 0.5 + 0.5*bxh1, ratio )/y

!       gamxinflu(i,j,8,2) = gamxinfdp( 1.1 - 0.5 + 0.5*bxhl1, ratio )/y

       gamxinflu(i,j,8,1) = (gamma_dpr(1.1 - 0.5 + 0.5*bxh1) - gamxinfdp( 1.1 - 0.5 + 0.5*bxh1, ratio ) )/y

       gamxinflu(i,j,8,2) = (gamma_dpr(1.1 - 0.5 + 0.5*bxhl1) - gamxinfdp( 1.1 - 0.5 + 0.5*bxhl1, ratio ) )/y

      ENDIF


        gamxinflu(i,j,7,2) = gamxinflu(i,j,7,1)


      ENDDO

      ENDDO

      ciacrratio(0,:) = 1.0


      DO j = ialpstart,nqiacralpha

      alp = float(j)*dqiacralpha

      y = gamma_sp(4.+alp)

      y7 = gamma_sp(7.+alp)

      DO i = 0,nqiacrratio

        ratio = float(i)*dqiacrratio


        ! mass fraction

        x = gamxinfdp( 4.+alp, ratio )

!        write(0,*) 'i, x/y = ',i, x/y

        qiacrratio(i,j) = x/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,4,1) = x/y

        gamxinflu(i,j,4,2) = x/y


        ! reflectivity fraction

        x = gamxinfdp( 7.+alp, ratio )

        ziacrratio(i,j) = x/y7

        gamxinflu(i,j,11,1) = x/y7

        gamxinflu(i,j,11,2) = x/y7


      ENDDO

      ENDDO

      qiacrratio(0,:) = 1.0


      lccn = 0

      lccnuf = 0

      lccna = 0

      lccnaco = 0

      lccnanu = 0

      lnc = 0

      lnr = 0

      lni = 0

      lnis = 0

      lns = 0

      lnh = 0

      lnhl = 0

      lvh = 0

      lvhl = 0

      lzr = 0

      lzh = 0

      lzhl = 0

      lsw = 0

      lhw = 0

      lhlw = 0


      denscale(:) = 0


!      lccn = 9


    IF ( ipconc == 0 ) THEN

       IF ( hail_on == 1 ) THEN ! turn on graupel density for 1-moment scheme

         IF ( density_on >= 1 ) THEN ! turn on graupel density for 1-moment scheme

          lvh = 9

          ltmp = 9

          denscale(lvh) = 1

         ELSE

          ltmp = lhab

          lvh = 0

          lvhl = 0

         ENDIF

       ELSE ! no hail, 'LFO' scheme

       ltmp = lhab

       lhl = 0

       ENDIF

    ELSEIF ( ipconc == 5 ) THEN

      ltmp = lhab

      IF ( iufccn > 0 ) THEN

        ltmp = ltmp+1

        lccnuf = ltmp

        denscale(lccnuf) = 1

      ENDIF

      lccn= ltmp+1 ! 9

      lnc = ltmp+2 ! 10

      lnr = ltmp+3 ! 11

      lni = ltmp+4 !12

      lns = ltmp+5 !13

      lnh = ltmp+6 !14

      ltmp = lnh

      IF ( hail_on == 1 ) THEN

      ltmp = ltmp + 1

      lnhl = ltmp ! lhab+7 ! 15

      ENDIF

      IF ( density_on >= 1 ) THEN

      ltmp = ltmp + 1

      lvh = ltmp ! lhab+8 + isub ! 16 + isub ! isub adjusts to 15 if hail is off

!      ltmp = lvh

      ENDIF

      denscale(lccn:ltmp) = 1

      IF ( density_on == 1 .and. hail_on == 1 ) THEN

       ltmp = ltmp + 1

       lvhl = ltmp

!       ltmp = lvhl

       denscale(lvhl) = 1

      ENDIF

      IF ( mixedphase ) THEN

      ltmp = ltmp + 1

      lsw  = ltmp

      ltmp = ltmp + 1

      lhw  = ltmp

        IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

          ltmp = ltmp + 1

          lhlw = ltmp

        ENDIF

!      ltmp = lhlw

      ENDIF

    ELSEIF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN

      ltmp = lhab

      IF ( iufccn > 0 ) THEN

        ltmp = ltmp+1

        lccnuf = ltmp

        denscale(lccnuf) = 1

      ENDIF


      lccn= ltmp+1 ! 9

      lnc = ltmp+2 ! 10

      lnr = ltmp+3 ! 11

      lni = ltmp+4 !12

      lns = ltmp+5 !13

      lnh = ltmp+6 !14

      ltmp = lnh

      IF ( lhl > 0 ) THEN

      ltmp = ltmp + 1

      lnhl = ltmp ! lhab+7 ! 15

      ENDIF

      IF ( density_on == 1 ) THEN

      ltmp = ltmp + 1

      lvh = ltmp ! lhab+8 + isub ! 16 + isub ! isub adjusts to 15 if hail is off

      ENDIF

!      ltmp = lvh

      denscale(lccn:ltmp) = 1

      IF ( density_on == 1 .and. hail_on == 1 ) THEN

       ltmp = ltmp + 1

       lvhl = ltmp

!       ltmp = lvhl

       denscale(lvhl) = 1

      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc == 6 ) THEN

       ltmp = ltmp + 1

       lzh = ltmp

      ELSEIF ( ipconc == 7 ) THEN

       ltmp = ltmp + 1

       lzh = ltmp

       ltmp = ltmp + 1

       lzr = ltmp

      ELSEIF ( ipconc == 8 ) THEN

       ltmp = ltmp + 1

       lzh = ltmp

       ltmp = ltmp + 1

       lzr = ltmp

       IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

         ltmp = ltmp + 1

         lzhl = ltmp

       ENDIF

      ! write(0,*) 'ipcon,lzr = ',ipconc,lzr,lzh,lzhl

      ENDIF

!      ltmp = lvh

 !     denscale(lccn:lvh) = 1

      IF ( mixedphase ) THEN

      ltmp = ltmp + 1

      lsw  = ltmp

      ltmp = ltmp + 1

      lhw  = ltmp

        IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

          ltmp = ltmp + 1

          lhlw = ltmp

        ENDIF

!      ltmp = lhlw

      ENDIF

    ELSE

      errmsg = 'nssl_2mom_init: Invalid value of ipctmp'

      errflg = 1

      RETURN

    ENDIF


      ! write(0,*) 'wrf_init: lh,lhl,lzh,lzhl = ',lh,lhl,lzh,lzhl

      ! write(0,*) 'wrf_init: ipconc = ',ipconc

      ! write(0,*) 'wrf_init: irenuc, turn_on_ccna = ',irenuc, turn_on_ccna

      IF ( turn_on_ccna ) THEN

        ltmp = ltmp + 1

        lccna = ltmp

        denscale(ltmp) = 1

      ENDIF


      IF ( turn_on_cina ) THEN

        ltmp = ltmp + 1

        lcina = ltmp

        denscale(ltmp) = 1

      ENDIF


      IF ( turn_on_cin .or. is_aerosol_aware ) THEN

        ltmp = ltmp + 1

        lcin = ltmp

        denscale(ltmp) = 1

!debug        write(0,*) 'Setting lcin to ',lcin

      ENDIF

      na = ltmp


      ln(:) = 0

      ln(lc) = lnc

      ln(lr) = lnr

      ln(li) = lni

      ln(ls) = lns

      ln(lh) = lnh

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) ln(lhl) = lnhl


      ipc(:) = 0

      ipc(lc) = 2

      ipc(lr) = 3

      ipc(li) = 1

      ipc(ls) = 4

      ipc(lh) = 5

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) ipc(lhl) = 5


      ldovol = .false.

      lvol(:) = 0

      lvol(li) = lvi

      lvol(ls) = lvs

      lvol(lh) = lvh

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. lvhl .gt. 1 ) lvol(lhl) = lvhl


      lne = max(lnh,lnhl)

      lne = max(lne,lvh)

      lne = max(lne,lvhl)

      lne = max(lne,na)


      lsc(:) = 0

      lsc(lc) = lscw

      lsc(lr) = lscr

      lsc(li) = lsci

      lsc(ls) = lscs

      lsc(lh) = lsch

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) lsc(lhl) = lschl


      DO il = lc,lhab

        ldovol = ldovol .or. ( lvol(il) .gt. 1 )

      ENDDO


!      write(0,*) 'nssl_2mom_init: ldovol = ',ldovol


      lz(:) = 0

      lz(lr) = lzr

      lz(li) = lzi

      lz(ls) = lzs

      lz(lh) = lzh

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. lzhl > 1 ) lz(lhl) = lzhl


      lliq(:) = 0

      lliq(ls) = lsw

      lliq(lh) = lhw

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) lliq(lhl) = lhlw

      IF ( mixedphase ) THEN

!       write(0,*) 'lsw,lhw,lhlw = ',lsw,lhw,lhlw

      ENDIF


      xnu(lc) = cnu

      xmu(lc) = 1.


      IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

        xnu(lr) = rnu

        xmu(lr) = 1.

      ELSEIF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

        xnu(lr) = (alphar - 2.0)/3.0

        xmu(lr) = 1./3.

      ENDIF


      xnu(li) = cinu

      xmu(li) = 1.


      IF ( lis >= 1 ) THEN

      xnu(lis) = 0.0

      xmu(lis) = 1.

      ENDIF


      dnu(lc) = 3.*xnu(lc) + 2. ! alphac

      dmu(lc) = 3.*xmu(lc)


      dnu(lr) = 3.*xnu(lr) + 2. ! alphar

      dmu(lr) = 3.*xmu(lr)


      xnu(ls) = snu

      xmu(ls) = 1.


      dnu(ls) = 3.*xnu(ls) + 2.  ! -0.4 ! alphas

      dmu(ls) = 3.*xmu(ls)


      dnu(lh) = alphah

      dmu(lh) = dmuh


      xnu(lh) = (dnu(lh) - 2.)/3.

      xmu(lh) = dmuh/3.


      IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN ! rain is gamma of volume

      rz =  ((4. + alphah)*(5. + alphah)*(6. + alphah)*(1. + xnu(lr)))/ &

     &  ((1 + alphah)*(2 + alphah)*(3 + alphah)*(2. + xnu(lr)))


!      IF ( ipconc .lt. 5 ) alphahl = alphah


      rzhl =  ((4. + alphahl)*(5. + alphahl)*(6. + alphahl)*(1. + xnu(lr)))/ &

     &  ((1. + alphahl)*(2. + alphahl)*(3. + alphahl)*(2. + xnu(lr)))


      rzs =  1. ! assume rain and snow are both gamma volume


      ELSE ! rain is gamma of diameter


      rz =  ((4. + alphah)*(5. + alphah)*(6. + alphah)*(1. + alphar)*(2. + alphar)*(3. + alphar))/ &

     &  ((1 + alphah)*(2 + alphah)*(3 + alphah)*(4. + alphar)*(5. + alphar)*(6. + alphar))


      rzhl =  ((4. + alphahl)*(5. + alphahl)*(6. + alphahl)*(1. + alphar)*(2. + alphar)*(3. + alphar))/ &

     &  ((1 + alphahl)*(2 + alphahl)*(3 + alphahl)*(4. + alphar)*(5. + alphar)*(6. + alphar))


      rzs =   &

     &  ((1. + alphar)*(2. + alphar)*(3. + alphar)*(2. + xnu(ls)))/  &

     &  ((4. + alphar)*(5. + alphar)*(6. + alphar)*(1. + xnu(ls)))


      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc <= 5 ) THEN

        imltshddmr = min(1, imltshddmr)

        ibinhmlr = 0

        ibinhlmlr = 0

      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc > 5 .and. (ibinhmlr == 0 .and. ibinhlmlr == 0 ) ) THEN

        imltshddmr = min(1, imltshddmr)

      ENDIF


!      write(0,*) 'rz,rzhl = ', rz,rzhl


      IF ( ipconc .lt. 4 ) THEN


      dnu(ls) = alphas

      dmu(ls) = 1.


      xnu(ls) = (dnu(ls) - 2.)/3.

      xmu(ls) = 1./3.


      ENDIF


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


      dnu(lhl) = alphahl

      dmu(lhl) = dmuhl


      xnu(lhl) = (dnu(lhl) - 2.)/3.

      xmu(lhl) = dmuhl/3.


      ENDIF


      cno(lc)  = 1.0e+08

      IF ( li .gt. 1 ) cno(li)  = 1.0e+08

      cno(lr)  = cnor

      IF ( ls .gt. 1 ) cno(ls)  = cnos ! 8.0e+06

      IF ( lh .gt. 1 ) cno(lh)  = cnoh ! 4.0e+05

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) cno(lhl)  = cnohl ! 4.0e+05

!

!  density maximums and minimums

!

      xdnmx(:) = 900.0


      xdnmx(lr) = 1000.0

      xdnmx(lc) = 1000.0

      xdnmx(li) =  917.0

      xdnmx(ls) =  300.0

      xdnmx(lh) =  900.0

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) xdnmx(lhl) = 900.0

!

      xdnmn(:) = 900.0


      xdnmn(lr) = 1000.0

      xdnmn(lc) = 1000.0

      xdnmn(li) =  100.0

      xdnmn(ls) =  100.0

      xdnmn(lh) =  hdnmn

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) xdnmn(lhl) = hldnmn


      xdn0(:) = 900.0


      xdn0(lc) = 1000.0

      xdn0(li) = 900.0

      xdn0(lr) = 1000.0

      xdn0(ls) = rho_qs ! 100.0

      xdn0(lh) = rho_qh ! (0.5)*(xdnmn(lh)+xdnmx(lh))

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) xdn0(lhl) = rho_qhl ! 800.0


!

!  Set terminal velocities...

!    also set drag coefficients

!

      cdx(lr) = 0.60

      cdx(lh) = 0.8 ! 1.0 ! 0.45

      cdx(ls) = 2.00

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) cdx(lhl) = 0.45


      ido(lc) = idocw

      ido(lr) = idorw

      ido(li) = idoci

      ido(ls) = idosw

      ido(lh)  = idohw

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) ido(lhl) = idohl


      linfall(:) = infall

      linfall(lc) = 0

      IF ( irfall .lt. 0 ) irfall = infall

      IF ( isfall .lt. 0 ) isfall = infall

      IF ( iifall .lt. 0 ) iifall = infall

      IF ( lzr > 0 ) irfall = 0

      IF ( lzs > 0 ) isfall = 0

      IF ( lzh > 0 ) linfall(lh) = 0

      IF ( lzhl > 0 .and. lhl > 0 ) linfall(lhl) = 0

      IF ( lzr > 0 .and. lf > 0 ) linfall(lf) = 0

      linfall(lr) = irfall

      linfall(ls) = isfall

      linfall(li) = iifall


      qccn = ccn/rho00

      qccnuf = ccnuf/rho00

      IF ( old_cccn > 0.0 ) THEN

         old_qccn = old_cccn/rho00

      ELSE

         old_qccn = qccn

      ENDIF

!      xvcmx = (4./3.)*pi*xcradmx**3


! set max rain diameter

      IF ( xvdmx .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

        xvrmx = 0.523599*(xvdmx)**3

      ELSE

        xvrmx = xvrmx0

      ENDIF


         IF ( dhmn <= 0.0 ) THEN

           xvhmn = xvhmn0

!           xvhmn = Min(xvhmn0, 0.523599*(dfrz)**3 )

         ELSE

           xvhmn = 0.523599*(dhmn)**3

!           xvhmn = 0.523599*(Min(dhmn,dfrz))**3

         ENDIF


         IF ( dhmx <= 0.0 ) THEN

           xvhmx = xvhmx0

         ELSE

           xvhmx = 0.523599*(dhmx)**3

         ENDIF


         IF ( dhlmx <= 0.0 ) THEN

           xvhlmx = xvhlmx0

         ELSE

           xvhlmx = 0.523599*(dhlmx)**3

         ENDIF


         IF ( ipconc == 5 .and. imorrgdnglimit >= 1 ) THEN

         ! convert morrdnglimit to xvhmx equivalent

           cwch = ((3. + alphah)*(2. + alphah)*(1.0 + alphah))**(-1./3.)

           xvhmx = pi/6.0*(morrdnglimit/cwch)**3

           dhmx = morrdnglimit/cwch

         ENDIF


         IF ( qhdpvdn < 0. ) qhdpvdn = xdnmn(lh)

         IF ( qhacidn < 0. ) qhacidn = xdnmn(lh)


! load max/min diameters

      xvmn(lc) = xvcmn

      xvmn(li) = xvimn

      xvmn(lr) = xvrmn

      xvmn(ls) = xvsmn

      xvmn(lh) = xvhmn


      xvmx(lc) = xvcmx

      xvmx(li) = xvimx

      xvmx(lr) = xvrmx

      xvmx(ls) = xvsmx

      xvmx(lh) = xvhmx


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      xvmn(lhl) = xvhlmn

      xvmx(lhl) = xvhlmx

      ENDIF


!

!  cloud water constants in mks units

!

!      cwmasn = 4.25e-15  ! radius of 1.0e-6

!      cwmasn = 5.23e-13   ! minimum mass, defined by radius of 5.0e-6

!      cwmasn5 =  5.23e-13

!      cwradn = 5.0e-6     ! minimum radius

!      cwmasx = 5.25e-10   ! maximum mass, defined by radius of 50.0e-6

!      mwfac = 6.0**(1./3.)

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

!        cwmasn = xvmn(lc)*1000.  ! minimum mass, defined by minimum droplet volume

!        cwradn = 1.0e-6          ! minimum radius

!        cwmasx = xvmx(lc)*1000.  ! maximum mass, defined by maximum droplet volume


      ENDIF

!        rwmasn = xvmn(lr)*1000.  ! minimum mass, defined by minimum rain volume

!        rwmasx = xvmx(lr)*1000.  ! maximum mass, defined by maximum rain volume


      IF ( lhl < 1 ) ifrzg = 1


      ventr = 1.

      IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

!       IF ( izwisventr == 1 ) THEN

        ventr = gamma_sp(rnu + 4./3.)/((rnu + 1.)**(1./3.)*gamma_sp(rnu + 1.)) ! Ziegler 1985

!       ELSE

        ventrn =  gamma_sp(rnu + 1.5 + br/6.)/(gamma_sp(rnu + 1.)*(rnu + 1.)**((1.+br)/6. + 1./3.) ) ! adapted from Wisner et al. 1972; for second term in rwvent

!        ventr = Gamma_sp(rnu + 4./3.)/((rnu + 1.)**(1./3.)*Gamma_sp(rnu + 1.)) ! Ziegler 1985, still use for first term in rwvent

!        ventr  = Gamma_sp(rnu + 4./3.)/Gamma_sp(rnu + 1.)

!       ENDIF

      ELSE ! imurain == 1

!       IF ( iferwisventr == 1 ) THEN

        ventr = gamma_sp(2. + alphar)  ! Ferrier 1994

!       ELSEIF ( iferwisventr == 2 ) THEN

        ventrn =  gamma_sp(alphar + 2.5 + br/2.)/gamma_sp(alphar + 1.) ! adapted from Wisner et al. 1972

!       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      ventc   = gamma_sp(cnu + 4./3.)/(cnu + 1.)**(1./3.)/gamma_sp(cnu + 1.)

      c1sw = gamma_sp(snu + 4./3.)*(snu + 1.0)**(-1./3.)/gamma_sp(snu + 1.0)


  ! set threshold mixing ratios


      qxmin(:) = 1.0e-12


      qxmin(lc) = 1.e-9

      qxmin(lr) = 1.e-7

      IF ( li > 1 ) qxmin(li) = 1.e-12

      IF ( ls > 1 ) qxmin(ls) = 1.e-7

      IF ( lh > 1 ) qxmin(lh) = 1.e-7

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) qxmin(lhl) = 1.e-7


      IF ( lc .gt. 1 .and. lnc .gt. 1 ) qxmin(lc) = 1.0e-13

      IF ( lr .gt. 1 .and. lnr .gt. 1 ) qxmin(lr) = 1.0e-12


      IF ( li .gt. 1 .and. lni .gt. 1 ) qxmin(li ) = 1.0e-13

      IF ( ls .gt. 1 .and. lns .gt. 1 ) qxmin(ls ) = 1.0e-13

      IF ( lh .gt. 1 .and. lnh .gt. 1 ) qxmin(lh ) = 1.0e-12

      IF ( lhl.gt. 1 .and. lnhl.gt. 1 ) qxmin(lhl) = 1.0e-12


      qxmin_init(:) = 1.0e-8 ! threshold for considering single-moment initial condition mixing ratios

  ! constants for droplet nucleation


      cckm = cck-1.

      ccnefac =  (1.63/(cck * beta(3./2., cck/2.)))**(cck/(cck + 2.0))

      cnexp   = (3./2.)*cck/(cck+2.0)

! ccne is all the factors with w in eq. A7 in Mansell et al. 2010 (JAS).  The constant changes

! if k (cck) is changed!

      ccne = ccnefac*1.e6*(1.e-6*abs(cwccn))**(2./(2.+cck))

      ccne0 = ccnefac*1.e6*(1.e-6)**(2./(2.+cck))

!      write(0,*) 'cwccn, cck, ccne = ',cwccn,cck,ccne,ccnefac,cnexp

      IF ( cwccn .lt. 0.0 ) THEN

      cwccn = abs(cwccn)

      ccwmx = 50.e9 ! cwccn

      ELSE

      ccwmx = 50.e9 ! cwccn ! *1.4

      ENDIF


!

!

!  Set collection coefficients (Seifert and Beheng 05)

!

      bb(:) = 1.0/3.0

      bb(li) = 0.3429

      DO il = lc,lhab

        da0(il) = delbk(bb(il), xnu(il), xmu(il), 0)

        da1(il) = delbk(bb(il), xnu(il), xmu(il), 1)


!        write(0,*) 'il, da0, da1, xnu, xmu = ', il, da0(il), da1(il), xnu(il), xmu(il)

      ENDDO


      dab0(:,:) = 0.0

      dab1(:,:) = 0.0


      DO il = lc,lhab

        DO j = lc,lhab

          IF ( il .ne. j ) THEN


            dab0(il,j) = delabk(bb(il), bb(j), xnu(il), xnu(j), xmu(il), xmu(j), 0)

            dab1(il,j) = delabk(bb(il), bb(j), xnu(il), xnu(j), xmu(il), xmu(j), 1)


!           write(0,*) 'il, j, dab0, dab1 = ',il, j, dab0(il,j), dab1(il,j)

          ENDIF

        ENDDO

      ENDDO


      dab0lu(:,:,:,:) = 0.0

      dab1lu(:,:,:,:) = 0.0


      IF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN

      DO il = lc,lhab ! collector

        DO j = lc,lhab ! collected

          IF ( il .ne. j ) THEN


            DO jj = ialpstart,nqiacralpha

                alpjj = float(jj)*dqiacralpha

                xnujj = (alpjj - 2.)/3.

            DO ii = ialpstart,nqiacralpha

                alpii = float(ii)*dqiacralpha

                xnuii = (alpii - 2.)/3.


            dab0lu(ii,jj,il,j) = delabk(bb(il), bb(j), xnuii, xnujj, xmu(il), xmu(j), 0)

            dab1lu(ii,jj,il,j) = delabk(bb(il), bb(j), xnuii, xnujj, xmu(il), xmu(j), 1)


            ENDDO

            ENDDO

!           write(0,*) 'il, j, dab0, dab1 = ',il, j, dab0(il,j), dab1(il,j)

          ENDIF

        ENDDO

      ENDDO


      ENDIF


        gf4br = gamma_sp(4.0+br)

        gf4ds = gamma_sp(4.0+ds)

        gf4p5 = gamma_sp(4.0+0.5)

        gfcinu1 = gamma_sp(cinu + 1.0)

        gfcinu1p47 = gamma_sp(cinu + 1.47167)

        gfcinu2p47 = gamma_sp(cinu + 2.47167)

        gfcinu1p22 = gamma_sp(cinu + 1.22117)

        gfcinu2p22 = gamma_sp(cinu + 2.22117)

        gfcinu1p18 = gamma_sp(cinu + 1.18333)

        gfcinu2p18 = gamma_sp(cinu + 2.18333)


        gsnow1 = gamma_sp(snu + 1.0)

        gsnow53 = gamma_sp(snu + 5./3.)

        gsnow73 = gamma_sp(snu + 7./3.)


        IF ( lh  .gt. 1 ) cwchtmp0 = 6.0/pi*gamma_sp( (xnu(lh) + 1.)/xmu(lh) )/gamma_sp( (xnu(lh) + 2.)/xmu(lh) )

        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) cwchltmp0 = 6.0/pi*gamma_sp( (xnu(lhl) + 1)/xmu(lhl) )/gamma_sp( (xnu(lhl) + 2)/xmu(lhl) )


      iexy(:,:)=0; ! sets to zero the ones Imight have forgotten


!     snow

      iexy(ls,li) = ieswi

      iexy(ls,lc) = ieswc ; iexy(ls,lr) = ieswr ;


!     graupel

      iexy(lh,ls)  = iehwsw ; iexy(lh,li) = iehwi ;

      iexy(lh,lc) = iehwc ; iexy(lh,lr)  = iehwr ;


!     hail

      IF (lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      iexy(lhl,ls)  = iehlsw ; iexy(lhl,li) = iehli ;

      iexy(lhl,lc) = iehlc ; iexy(lhl,lr)  = iehlr ;

      ENDIF


!      IF ( icefallfac /= 1.0 ) write(0,*) 'icefallfac = ',icefallfac

!      IF ( snowfallfac /= 1.0 ) write(0,*) 'snowfallfac = ',snowfallfac


  RETURN


END SUBROUTINE nssl_2mom_init


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


SUBROUTINE nssl_2mom_driver(qv, qc, qr, qi, qs, qh, qhl, ccw, crw, cci, csw, chw, chl,  &

                              cn, vhw, vhl, cna, cni, f_cn, f_cna, f_cina,              &

                              f_qc, f_qr, f_qi, f_qs, f_qh, f_qhl,                      &

                              cn_nu,  cn_co, cinp, f_cnnu, f_cnco, f_cinp,              &

                              cna_co, cna_nu, f_cnaco, f_cnanu,                         &

                              cnuf, f_cnuf, cn_ac, f_cnac,                              &

                              zrw, zhw, zhl, f_zrw, f_zhw, f_zhl, f_vhw, f_vhl,         &

                              qsw, qhw, qhlw,                                           &

                              tt, th, pii, p, w, dn, dz, dtp, itimestep,                &

                              is_theta_or_temp,                                         &

                              ntmul, ntcnt, lastloop,                                   &

                              RAINNC,RAINNCV,                                           &

                              dx, dy,                                                   &

                              axtra,                                                    &

                              SNOWNC, SNOWNCV, GRPLNC, GRPLNCV,                         &

                              SR,HAILNC, HAILNCV,                                       &

                              hail_maxk1, hail_max2d, nwp_diagnostics,                  &

                              tkediss,                                                  &

                              re_cloud, re_ice, re_snow, re_rain,                       &

                              re_graup, re_hail,                                        &

                              has_reqc, has_reqi, has_reqs, has_reqr,                   &

                              has_reqg, has_reqh,                                       &

                              rainncw2, rainnci2,                                       &

                              dbz, vzf,compdbz,                                         &

                              rscghis_2d,rscghis_2dp,rscghis_2dn,                       &

                              scr,scw,sci,scs,sch,schl,sctot,                           &

                              elec_physics,                                             &

                              induc,elecz,scion,sciona,f_scion,f_sciona,                &

                              noninduc,noninducp,noninducn,                             &

                              ssat3d,ssati,nssl_ssat_output,                            &

                              pcc2, pre2, depsubr,      &

                              mnucf2, melr2, ctr2,     &

                              rim1_2, rim2_2,rim3_2, &

                              nctr2, nnuccd2, nnucf2, &

                              effc2,effr2,effi2,       &

                              effs2, effg2,                       &

                              fc2, fr2,fi2,fs2,fg2, &

                              fnc2, fnr2,fni2,fns2,fng2, &

!                              qcond,qdep,qfrz,qrauto,qhcnvi,qhcollw,qscollw,            &

!                              ncauto, niinit,nifrz,                                     &

!                              re_liquid, re_graupel, re_hail, re_icesnow,               &

!                              vtcloud, vtrain, vtsnow, vtgraupel, vthail,               &

                              ipelectmp,                                                &

                              isedonly_in,                                              &

                              diagflag,ke_diag,                                         &

                              errmsg, errflg, &

                              nssl_progn,                                              & ! wrf-chem

! 20130903 acd_mb_washout start

                              wetscav_on, rainprod, evapprod,                           & ! wrf-chem

! 20130903 acd_mb_washout end

                              cu_used, qrcuten, qscuten, qicuten, qccuten,              & ! hm added

                              ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                                &  ! domain dims

                              ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                                &  ! memory dims

                              its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte)                                   ! tile dims


      implicit none


 !Subroutine arguments:


      integer, intent(in)::                                                             &

                            ids,ide, jds,jde, kds,kde,                                   &

                            ims,ime, jms,jme, kms,kme,                                   &

                            its,ite, jts,jte, kts,kte

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), intent(inout)::                        &

                            qv,qc,qr,qs,qh

      ! tt is air temperature -- used by CCPP instead of th (theta)

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout)::                       &

                              th, tt,                                                   &

                              zrw, zhw, zhl,                                            &

                              qsw, qhw, qhlw,                                           &

                            qi,qhl,ccw,crw,cci,csw,chw,chl,vhw,vhl

      integer, optional, intent(in) :: is_theta_or_temp

      logical, optional, intent(in) ::  f_zrw, f_zhw, f_zhl, f_vhw, f_vhl ! not used yet

      integer, optional, intent(in) ::  nssl_ssat_output

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout):: dbz, vzf, cn, cna, cni, cnuf

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout):: cn_nu, cn_ac, cn_co, cinp, cna_co, cna_nu

      logical, optional, intent(in) :: f_cnnu, f_cnac, f_cnco, f_cinp, f_cnaco, f_cnanu


      real, dimension(ims:ime, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout):: compdbz

      real, dimension(ims:ime, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout):: rscghis_2d,  & ! 2D accumulation arrays for vertically-integrated charging rate

                                                                   rscghis_2dp, & ! 2D accumulation arrays for vertically-integrated charging rate (positive only)

                                                                   rscghis_2dn    ! 2D accumulation arrays for vertically-integrated charging rate (negative only)

!      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout)::rscghis_3d

      integer, optional, intent(in) :: elec_physics

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme),  optional, intent(inout)::                   &

                            scr,scw,sci,scs,sch,schl,sciona,sctot  ! space charge

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme),  optional, intent(inout)::                   &

                            induc,noninduc,noninducp,noninducn  ! charging rates: inductive, noninductive (all, positive, negative to graupel)

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme),  optional, intent(in) :: elecz ! elecsave = Ez

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme, 2),optional, intent(inout) :: scion

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), intent(in)::  p,w,dz,dn


      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), intent(in)::  pii

      real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout)::   &

                              ssat3d, ssati,              &

                              pcc2, pre2, depsubr,      &

                              mnucf2, melr2, ctr2,     &

                              rim1_2, rim2_2,rim3_2, &

                              nctr2, nnuccd2, nnucf2, &

                              effc2,effr2,effi2,       &

                              effs2, effg2,                       &

                              fc2, fr2,fi2,fs2,fg2, &

                              fnc2, fnr2,fni2,fns2,fng2

!                              qcond,qdep,qfrz,qrauto,qhcnvi,qhcollw,qscollw,            &

!                              ncauto, niinit,nifrz,                                     &

!                              re_liquid, re_graupel, re_hail, re_icesnow,               &

!                              vtcloud, vtrain, vtsnow, vtgraupel, vthail


       real, dimension(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout) :: axtra


! WRF variables

      real, dimension(ims:ime, jms:jme) ::                                 &

                            rainnc,rainncv    ! accumulated precip (NC) and rate (NCV)

      real, dimension(ims:ime, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout)::                                 &

                            snownc,snowncv,grplnc,grplncv,sr        ! accumulated precip (NC) and rate (NCV)

      real, dimension(ims:ime, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout)::                                 &

                            hailnc,hailncv ! accumulated precip (NC) and rate (NCV)

      real, dimension(ims:ime, jms:jme), optional, intent(inout) :: hail_maxk1, hail_max2d

      integer, optional, intent(in) :: nwp_diagnostics

!     for cm1, set nproctot=44 (or as needed) to get domain total rates

      integer, parameter :: nproc = 1

      double precision :: proctot(nproc),proctotmpi(nproc)

      REAL, DIMENSION(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, INTENT(INOUT)::  re_cloud, re_ice, re_snow, &

                                                                   re_rain, re_graup, re_hail

      REAL, DIMENSION(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, INTENT(IN):: tkediss

      INTEGER, INTENT(IN), optional :: has_reqc, has_reqi, has_reqs, has_reqr, has_reqg, has_reqh

      real, dimension(ims:ime, jms:jme), intent(out), optional ::                                 &

                            rainncw2, rainnci2       ! liquid rain, ice, accumulation rates

      real, optional, intent(in) :: dx,dy

      real, intent(in) ::    dtp

      integer, intent(in) :: itimestep !, ccntype

      integer, intent(in), optional :: ntmul, ntcnt

      logical, optional, intent(in) :: lastloop

      logical, optional, intent(in) :: diagflag, f_cna, f_cn, f_cina, f_cnuf

      logical, optional, intent(in) :: f_qc, f_qr, f_qi, f_qs, f_qh, f_qhl

      logical, optional, intent(in) :: f_scion,f_sciona

      integer, optional, intent(in) :: ipelectmp, ke_diag, isedonly_in


   ! CCPP error handling

   character(len=*), intent(  out) :: errmsg

   integer,          intent(  out) :: errflg


  LOGICAL, INTENT(IN), OPTIONAL ::    nssl_progn   ! flags for wrf-chem


!   REAL, DIMENSION(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional,INTENT(INOUT):: qndrop

  LOGICAL :: flag_qndrop  ! wrf-chem

  LOGICAL :: flag_qnifa , flag_qnwfa

  logical :: flag_cnuf = .false.

  logical :: flag_ccn = .false.

  logical :: flag_qi  = .true.

  logical :: has_reqr_local = .false., has_reqg_local = .false., has_reqh_local = .false.

  logical :: flag

  logical :: nwp_diagflag = .false.

  real :: cinchange, t7max,testmax,wmax


! 20130903 acd_ck_washout start

! rainprod - total tendency of conversion of cloud water/ice and graupel to rain (kg kg-1 s-1)

! evapprod - tendency of evaporation of rain (kg kg-1 s-1)

! 20130903 acd_ck_washout end

   REAL, DIMENSION(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional,INTENT(INOUT)::  rainprod, evapprod


! qrcuten, rain tendency from parameterized cumulus convection

! qscuten, snow tendency from parameterized cumulus convection

! qicuten, cloud ice tendency from parameterized cumulus convection

! mu : air mass in column

   REAL, DIMENSION(ims:ime, kms:kme, jms:jme), optional, INTENT(IN):: qrcuten, qscuten, qicuten, qccuten

   INTEGER, optional, intent(in) :: cu_used

   LOGICAL, optional, intent(in) :: wetscav_on


!

! local variables

!

     real, dimension(its:ite, 1, kts:kte) :: elec2 ! ez = elecsave slab

!     real, dimension(its:ite, 1, kts:kte,2) :: scion2 ! 1=- , 2=+

     real, dimension(its:ite, kts:kte) :: rainprod2d, evapprod2d,tke2d

     real, dimension(its:ite, 1, kts:kte, na) :: an, ancuten

     real, dimension(its:ite, 1, kts:kte, nxtra) :: axtra2d

     real, dimension(its:ite, 1, kts:kte, 3) :: alpha2d

     real, dimension(its:ite, 1, kts:kte) :: t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9

     real, dimension(its:ite, 1, kts:kte) :: dn1,t00,t77,ssat,pn,wn,dz2d,dz2dinv,dbz2d,vzf2d

     real, dimension(its:ite, 1, na) :: xfall

     real, dimension(its:ite, 1) :: hailmax1d,hailmaxk1

     real, dimension(kts:kte, nproc) :: thproclocal

     integer, parameter :: nor = 0, ng = 0

     integer :: nx,ny,nz,ngs

     integer ix,jy,kz,i,j,k,il,n

     integer :: infdo

     real :: ssival, ssifac, t8s, t9s, qvapor

     integer :: ltemq

     double precision :: dp1

     integer :: jye, lnb

     integer :: imx,kmx

     real    :: dbzmx,refl

     integer :: vzflag0 = 0

     logical :: makediag

     real    :: dx1,dy1

      real, parameter :: cnin20 = 1.0e3

      real, parameter :: cnin10 = 5.0e1

      real, parameter :: cnin1a = 4.5

      real, parameter :: cnin2a = 12.96

      real, parameter :: cnin2b = 0.639


      double precision :: cwmass1,cwmass2

      double precision :: rwmass1,rwmass2

      double precision :: icemass1,icemass2

      double precision :: swmass1,swmass2

      double precision :: grmass1,grmass2

      double precision :: hlmass1,hlmass2

      double precision :: wvol5,wvol10

      real :: tmp,dv,dv1,tmpchg

      real :: rdt

      real :: temp1, c1


      double precision :: dt1,dt2

      double precision :: timesed,timesed1,timesed2,timesed3, timegs, timenucond, timedbz,zmaxsed

      double precision :: timevtcalc,timesetvt


      logical :: f_cnatmp, f_cinatmp, f_cnacotmp, f_cnanutmp

      logical :: has_wetscav


      integer :: kediagloc

      integer :: iunit

      integer :: isedonly_local


      real :: ycent, y, emissrate, emissrate0, emissrate1, z, fac, factot

      real :: fach(kts:kte)


      logical, parameter :: debugdriver = .false.


      integer :: loopcnt, loopmax, outerloopcnt

      logical :: lastlooptmp


! -------------------------------------------------------------------


      errmsg = ''

      errflg = 0


      rdt = 1.0/dtp


     IF ( debugdriver ) write(0,*) 'N2M: entering routine'


     flag_qndrop = .false.

     flag_qnifa = .false.

     flag_qnwfa = .false.

     flag_cnuf = .false.

     flag_ccn = .false.

     nwp_diagflag = .false.


     IF ( PRESENT ( nssl_progn ) ) flag_qndrop = nssl_progn

     IF ( present ( f_cnuf ) ) flag_cnuf = f_cnuf

     IF ( present ( nwp_diagnostics ) ) nwp_diagflag = ( nwp_diagnostics > 0 )


     IF ( present ( f_cn ) .and. present( cn ) ) THEN

       flag_ccn = f_cn

     ELSEIF ( present( cn ) ) THEN

       flag_ccn = .true.

     ENDIF


     IF ( present( f_qi ) ) THEN

       flag_qi = f_qi

     ELSE

       IF ( ffrzs < 1.0 ) THEN

         flag_qi = .true.

       ELSE

         flag_qi = .false.

       ENDIF

     ENDIF


     IF ( .not. flag_qi .and. ffrzs < 1.0 ) ffrzs = 1.0


     IF ( PRESENT ( has_reqr ) ) has_reqr_local = has_reqr > 0

     IF ( PRESENT ( has_reqg ) ) has_reqg_local = has_reqg > 0

     IF ( PRESENT ( has_reqh ) ) has_reqh_local = has_reqh > 0


     loopmax = 1

     outerloopcnt = 1

     lastlooptmp = .true.

     IF ( present( ntmul ) .and. present( ntcnt ) .and. present( lastloop ) ) THEN

       loopmax = ntmul

       outerloopcnt = ntcnt

       lastlooptmp = lastloop

     ENDIF


         has_wetscav = .false.

         IF ( wrfchem_flag > 0 ) THEN

           IF ( PRESENT( wetscav_on ) ) THEN

             has_wetscav = wetscav_on

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


     IF ( present( f_cna ) ) THEN

       f_cnatmp = f_cna

     ELSE

       f_cnatmp = .false.

     ENDIF


     IF ( present( f_cina ) ) THEN

       f_cinatmp = f_cina

     ELSE

       f_cinatmp = .false.

     ENDIF


     IF ( present( vzf ) ) vzflag0 = 1


     IF ( present( ipelectmp ) ) THEN

       ipelec = ipelectmp

     ELSE

       ipelec = 0

     ENDIF


     IF ( present( isedonly_in ) ) THEN

       isedonly_local = isedonly_in

     ELSE

       isedonly_local = 0

     ENDIF


!       IF ( present( dbz ) ) THEN

!       DO jy = jts,jte

!         DO kz = kts,kte

!           DO ix = its,ite

!             dbz(ix,kz,jy) = 0.0

!           ENDDO

!         ENDDO

!       ENDDO

!       ENDIF


     IF ( present( dx ) .and. present( dy ) ) THEN

        dx1 = dx

        dy1 = dy

     ELSE

        dx1 = 1.0

        dy1 = 1.0

     ENDIF


     makediag = .true.

     IF ( present( diagflag ) ) THEN

      makediag = diagflag .or. itimestep == 1

     ENDIF


     IF ( debugdriver ) write(0,*) 'N2M: makediag = ',makediag


     nx = ite-its+1

     ny = 1         ! set up as 2D slabs

     nz = kte-kts+1

     ngs = 64


     IF ( .not. flag_ccn ) THEN

       renucfrac = 1.0

     ENDIF


!     ENDIF ! itimestep == 1


! sedimentation settings


      infdo = 2


      IF ( infall .ne. 1 .or. iscfall .ge. 2 ) THEN

         infdo = 1

      ELSE

         infdo = 0

      ENDIF


      IF ( any(linfall(:) .ge. 3 ) .or. ipconc .ge. 6 ) THEN

         infdo = 2

      ENDIF


      IF ( present( hailncv ) .and. lhl < 1 ) THEN ! for WRF 3.1 compatibility

        hailncv(its:ite,jts:jte) = 0.

      ENDIF


      tke2d(:,:) = 0.0 ! initialize if not used


     lnb = max(lh,lhl)+1 ! lnc

!     IF ( lccn > 1 ) lnb = lccn


       jye = jte


     IF ( present( compdbz ) .and. makediag ) THEN

     DO jy = jts,jye

       DO ix = its,ite

        compdbz(ix,jy) = -3.0

       ENDDO

     ENDDO

     ENDIF


      zmaxsed = 0.0d0

      timevtcalc = 0.0d0

      timesetvt = 0.0d0

      timesed = 0.0d0

      timesed1 = 0.0d0

      timesed2 = 0.0d0

      timesed3 = 0.0d0

      timegs = 0.0d0

      timenucond = 0.0d0


     IF ( debugdriver ) write(0,*) 'N2M: jy loop 1, lhl,na = ',lhl,na,present(qhl)


          ancuten(its:ite,1,kts:kte,:) = 0.0

          thproclocal(:,:) = 0.0


     DO jy = jts,jye


!     write(0,*) 'N2M: load an, jy,lccn = ',jy,lccn,qccn


     IF ( ( present( pcc2 ) .or. present( axtra ) ) .and.  makediag ) THEN

         axtra2d(its:ite,1,kts:kte,:) = 0.0

     ENDIF


     IF ( nwp_diagflag ) THEN

        alpha2d(its:ite,1,kts:kte,1) = alphar

        alpha2d(its:ite,1,kts:kte,2) = alphah

        alpha2d(its:ite,1,kts:kte,3) = alphahl

     ENDIF


   ! copy from 3D array to 2D slab


       DO kz = kts,kte

        DO ix = its,ite

          IF ( present( tt ) ) THEN

            an(ix,1,kz,lt) = tt(ix,kz,jy)/pii(ix,kz,jy)

          ELSE

            an(ix,1,kz,lt) = th(ix,kz,jy)

          ENDIF

          an(ix,1,kz,lv)   = qv(ix,kz,jy)

          an(ix,1,kz,lc)   = qc(ix,kz,jy)

          an(ix,1,kz,lr)   = qr(ix,kz,jy)

          IF ( flag_qi ) THEN

            an(ix,1,kz,li)   = qi(ix,kz,jy)

          ELSE

            an(ix,1,kz,li) = 0.0

          ENDIF

          an(ix,1,kz,ls)   = qs(ix,kz,jy)

          an(ix,1,kz,lh)   = qh(ix,kz,jy)

          IF ( lhl > 1 ) an(ix,1,kz,lhl)  = qhl(ix,kz,jy)

          IF ( lccn > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( is_aerosol_aware .and. flag_qnwfa ) THEN

            !

           ELSEIF ( flag_ccn ) THEN

             IF ( lccna > 1 .and. .not. ( present( cna ) .and. f_cnatmp ) ) THEN

               an(ix,1,kz,lccna) = cn(ix,kz,jy)

               an(ix,1,kz,lccn) = qccn ! cn(ix,kz,jy)

             ELSE

               an(ix,1,kz,lccn) = cn(ix,kz,jy)

             ENDIF

             IF ( i_uf_or_ccn > 0 .and. lccnuf > 1 ) THEN ! UF ccn are extra regular ccn

               an(ix,1,kz,lccn) = an(ix,1,kz,lccn) + cnuf(ix,kz,jy)

             ENDIF

           ELSE

            IF ( lccna == 0 .and. ( .not. f_cnatmp ) ) THEN

              an(ix,1,kz,lccn) = qccn - ccw(ix,kz,jy)

            ELSE

              an(ix,1,kz,lccn) = qccn

            ENDIF


           ENDIF

          ENDIF


          IF ( lccnuf > 0 .and. flag_cnuf ) THEN

            IF ( i_uf_or_ccn == 0 ) THEN ! UF are UF

              an(ix,1,kz,lccnuf) = max(0.0, cnuf(ix,kz,jy) )

            ELSE ! UF were added to lccn

              an(ix,1,kz,lccnuf) = 0.0

            ENDIF

          ENDIF


          IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

            IF ( present( cna ) .and. f_cnatmp ) THEN

              an(ix,1,kz,lccna) = max(0.0, cna(ix,kz,jy) )

            ENDIF

          ENDIF


          IF ( lcina > 1 ) THEN

            IF ( present( cni ) .and. f_cinatmp ) THEN

              an(ix,1,kz,lcina) = cni(ix,kz,jy)

            ENDIF

          ENDIF


          IF ( ipconc >= 5 ) THEN

             an(ix,1,kz,lnc)  = ccw(ix,kz,jy)

          IF ( constccw > 0.0 ) THEN

            an(ix,1,kz,lnc)  = constccw

          ENDIF

          an(ix,1,kz,lnr)  = crw(ix,kz,jy)

          IF ( present( cci ) ) THEN

            an(ix,1,kz,lni)  = cci(ix,kz,jy)

          ELSE

            an(ix,1,kz,lni) = 0.0

          ENDIF

          an(ix,1,kz,lns)  = csw(ix,kz,jy)

          an(ix,1,kz,lnh)  = chw(ix,kz,jy)

          IF ( lhl > 1 ) an(ix,1,kz,lnhl) = chl(ix,kz,jy)

          ENDIF

          IF ( lvh > 0 .and. present( vhw ) ) an(ix,1,kz,lvh)  = vhw(ix,kz,jy)

          IF ( lvhl > 0 .and. present( vhl ) ) an(ix,1,kz,lvhl)  = vhl(ix,kz,jy)


          IF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN

            IF ( lzr > 0 )  an(ix,1,kz,lzr)  = zrw(ix,kz,jy)*zscale

            IF ( lzh > 0 )  an(ix,1,kz,lzh)  = zhw(ix,kz,jy)*zscale

            IF ( lzhl > 0 ) an(ix,1,kz,lzhl) = zhl(ix,kz,jy)*zscale

          ENDIF


        ENDDO

       ENDDO


       DO kz = kts,kte

        DO ix = its,ite


          IF ( present( tt ) ) THEN

            t0(ix,1,kz) = tt(ix,kz,jy) ! temperature (Kelvin)

          ELSE

            t0(ix,1,kz) = th(ix,kz,jy)*pii(ix,kz,jy) ! temperature (Kelvin)

          ENDIF

          t00(ix,1,kz) = 380.0/p(ix,kz,jy)

          t77(ix,1,kz) = pii(ix,kz,jy)

          dbz2d(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          vzf2d(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

        ENDDO

       ENDDO


       DO ix = its,ite

         rainncv(ix,jy) = 0.0

         IF ( present( grplncv ) ) grplncv(ix,jy) = 0.0

         IF ( present( hailncv ) ) hailncv(ix,jy) = 0.0

         IF ( present( snowncv ) ) snowncv(ix,jy) = 0.0

       ENDDO


      DO loopcnt = 1,loopmax


       DO kz = kts,kte

        DO ix = its,ite


          t1(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          t2(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          t3(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          t4(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          t5(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          t6(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          t7(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          t8(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

          t9(ix,1,kz) = 0.0


          pn(ix,1,kz) = p(ix,kz,jy)

          wn(ix,1,kz) = w(ix,kz,jy)

! calculate dn1 in case we are substepping: rho = con_eps*prsl/(con_rd*tgrs*(qv_mp+con_eps))

          dn1(ix,1,kz) = rdorv*pn(ix,1,kz)/(rd*t0(ix,1,kz)*(an(ix,1,kz,lv) + rdorv))

!          wmax = Max(wmax,wn(ix,1,kz))

          dz2d(ix,1,kz) = dz(ix,kz,jy)

          dz2dinv(ix,1,kz) = 1./dz(ix,kz,jy)


         ltemq = int( (t0(ix,1,kz)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )

!

! saturation mixing ratio

!

      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        t8s = t00(ix,1,kz)*tabqvs(ltemq)  !saturation mixing ratio wrt water

      ELSE

        t8s = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pn(ix,1,kz) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF

      t9s = t00(ix,1,kz)*tabqis(ltemq)  !saturation mixing ratio wrt ice


!

!  calculate rate of nucleation

!

      ssival = min(t8s,max(an(ix,1,kz,lv),0.0))/t9s  ! qv/qvi


      if ( ssival .gt. 1.0 ) then

!

      IF ( icenucopt == 1 ) THEN


      if ( t0(ix,1,kz).le.268.15 ) then


       dp1 = dn1(ix,1,kz)/rho00*cnin20*exp( min( 57.0 ,(cnin2a*(ssival-1.0)-cnin2b) ) )

       t7(ix,1,kz) = min(dp1, 1.0d30)

      end if


!

!   Default value of imeyers5 turns off nucleation by Meyer at higher temperatures

!  This is really from Ferrier (1994), eq. 4.31 - 4.34

      IF ( imeyers5 ) THEN

      if ( t0(ix,1,kz).lt.tfr .and. t0(ix,1,kz).gt.268.15 ) then

      qvapor = max(an(ix,1,kz,lv),0.0)

      ssifac = 0.0

      if ( (qvapor-t9s) .gt. 1.0e-5 ) then

      if ( (t8s-t9s) .gt. 1.0e-5 ) then

      ssifac = (qvapor-t9s) /(t8s-t9s)

      ssifac = ssifac**cnin1a

      end if

      end if

      t7(ix,1,kz) = dn1(ix,1,kz)/rho00*cnin10*ssifac*exp(-(t0(ix,1,kz)-tfr)*bta1)

      end if

      ENDIF


!       t7max = Max(t7max,  t7(ix,1,kz) )


      ELSEIF ( icenucopt == 2 ) THEN ! Thompson/Cooper; Note Thompson 2004 has constants of

                                     ! 0.005 and 0.304 because the line function was estimated from Cooper plot

                                     ! Here, the fit line values from Cooper 1986 are converted. Very little difference

                                     ! in practice


        t7(ix,1,kz) = 1000.*0.00446684*exp(0.3108*(273.16 - max(233.0, t0(ix,1,kz) ) ) ) ! factor of 1000 to convert L**-1 to m**-3


!        write(0,*) 'Cooper t7,ssival = ',ix,kz,t7(ix,1,kz),ssival


      ELSEIF ( icenucopt == 3 ) THEN ! Phillips (Meyers/DeMott)


      if ( t0(ix,1,kz).le.268.15 .and.  t0(ix,1,kz) > 243.15 ) then ! Meyers with factor of Psi=0.06


       dp1 = 0.06*cnin20*exp( min( 57.0 ,(cnin2a*(ssival-1.0)-cnin2b) ) )

       t7(ix,1,kz) = min(dp1, 1.0d30)

      elseif ( t0(ix,1,kz) <= 243.15 ) then ! Phillips estimate of DeMott et al (2003) data

       dp1 = 1000.*( exp( min( 57.0 ,cnin2a*(ssival-1.1) ) ) )**0.3

       t7(ix,1,kz) = min(dp1, 1.0d30)


      end if


      ELSEIF ( icenucopt == 4 ) THEN ! DeMott 2010


        IF ( t0(ix,1,kz) < 268.16 .and.  t0(ix,1,kz) > 223.15 .and. ssival > 1.001 ) THEN !


        ! a = 0.0000594, b = 3.33, c = 0.0264, d = 0.0033,

        ! nint = a*(-Tc)**b * naer**(c*(-Tc) + d)

        ! nint has units of per (standard) liter, so mult by 1.e3 and scale by dn/rho00

        ! naer needs units of cm**-3, so mult by 1.e-6


        !  dp1 = 1.e3*0.0000594*(273.16 - t0(ix,1,kz))**3.33 * (1.e-6*cin*dn(ix,1,kz))**(0.0264*(273.16 - t0(ix,1,kz)) + 0.0033)

            tmp = 1.e-6*naer

          dp1 = 1.e3*dn1(ix,1,kz)/rho00*0.0000594*(273.16 - t0(ix,1,kz))**3.33 * tmp**(0.0264*(273.16 - t0(ix,1,kz)) + 0.0033)

          t7(ix,1,kz) = min(dp1, 1.0d30)


        ELSE

       !   t7(ix,1,kz) = 0.0

        ENDIF


      ENDIF ! icenucopt


!

      end if ! ( ssival .gt. 1.0 )

!


        ENDDO ! ix

       ENDDO ! kz


      IF ( wrfchem_flag > 0 ) THEN

          IF ( has_wetscav ) THEN

            IF ( PRESENT( rainprod ) ) rainprod2d(its:ite,kts:kte) = 0

            IF ( PRESENT( evapprod ) ) evapprod2d(its:ite,kts:kte) = 0

          ENDIF

      ENDIF


   ! transform from number mixing ratios to number conc.


    IF ( loopcnt == 1 ) THEN

     DO il = lnb,na

       IF ( denscale(il) == 1 ) THEN

         DO kz = kts,kte

          DO ix = its,ite

           an(ix,1,kz,il) = an(ix,1,kz,il)*dn1(ix,1,kz) ! dn(ix,kz,jy)

          ENDDO

         ENDDO

       ENDIF

     ENDDO ! il

    ENDIF


! sedimentation

      xfall(:,:,:) = 0.0


!      IF ( .true. ) THEN


! for real cases when hydrometeor mixing ratios have been initialized without concentrations

       IF ( itimestep == 1 .and. ipconc > 0 .and. loopcnt == 1 ) THEN

         call calcnfromq(nx,ny,nz,an,na,nor,nor,dn1)

       ENDIF


      IF ( present(cu_used) .and.         &

           ( present( qrcuten ) .or. present( qscuten ) .or.  &

             present( qicuten ) .or. present( qccuten ) ) ) THEN !{


       IF ( cu_used == 1 ) THEN !{

       DO kz = kts,kte

        DO ix = its,ite


         IF ( present( qrcuten ) ) ancuten(ix,1,kz,lr) = dtp*qrcuten(ix,kz,jy)

         IF ( present( qscuten ) ) ancuten(ix,1,kz,ls) = dtp*qscuten(ix,kz,jy)

         IF ( present( qicuten ) ) ancuten(ix,1,kz,li) = dtp*qicuten(ix,kz,jy)

         IF ( present( qccuten ) ) ancuten(ix,1,kz,lc) = dtp*qccuten(ix,kz,jy)


        ENDDO

       ENDDO


         call calcnfromcuten(nx,ny,nz,ancuten,an,na,nor,nor,dn1)


       ENDIF !}


      ENDIF !}


      IF ( isedonly_local == 0 ) THEN


      call sediment1d(dtp,nx,ny,nz,an,na,nor,nor,xfall,dn1,dz2d,dz2dinv, &

     &                    t0,t7,infdo,jy,its,jts &

     &   ,timesed1,timesed2,timesed3,zmaxsed,timesetvt)


! copy xfall to appropriate places...


     IF ( debugdriver ) write(0,*) 'N2M: end sediment, jy = ',jy


       DO ix = its,ite

         IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

         rainncv(ix,jy) = rainncv(ix,jy) + &

                          dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*(xfall(ix,1,lr) + xfall(ix,1,ls)*1000./xdn0(lr) + &

              &            xfall(ix,1,lh)*1000./xdn0(lr) + xfall(ix,1,lhl)*1000./xdn0(lr) )

         ELSE

         rainncv(ix,jy) = rainncv(ix,jy) + &

                           dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*(xfall(ix,1,lr) + xfall(ix,1,ls)*1000./xdn0(lr) + &

              &            xfall(ix,1,lh)*1000./xdn0(lr) )

         ENDIF

         IF ( present ( rainncw2 ) ) THEN ! rain only

           rainncw2(ix,jy) = rainncw2(ix,jy) +  dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*xfall(ix,1,lr)

         ENDIF

         IF ( present ( rainnci2 ) ) THEN ! ice only

           IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

             rainnci2(ix,jy) = rainnci2(ix,jy) + dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*(xfall(ix,1,ls)*1000./xdn0(lr) + &

     &            xfall(ix,1,lh)*1000./xdn0(lr) + xfall(ix,1,lhl)*1000./xdn0(lr) )

           ELSE

             rainnci2(ix,jy) = rainnci2(ix,jy) + dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*(xfall(ix,1,ls)*1000./xdn0(lr) + &

     &            xfall(ix,1,lh)*1000./xdn0(lr) )

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

         IF ( present( snowncv ) ) snowncv(ix,jy) = snowncv(ix,jy) + dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*xfall(ix,1,ls)*1000./xdn0(lr)

         IF ( present( grplncv ) ) THEN

           IF ( lhl > 1 .and. .not. present( hailnc) ) THEN ! if no separate hail accum, then add to graupel

             grplncv(ix,jy) = grplncv(ix,jy) + dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*(xfall(ix,1,lh) + xfall(ix,1,lhl)) *1000./xdn0(lr)

           ELSE

             grplncv(ix,jy) = grplncv(ix,jy) + dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*xfall(ix,1,lh)*1000./xdn0(lr)

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

         IF ( loopcnt == loopmax ) rainnc(ix,jy)  = rainnc(ix,jy) + rainncv(ix,jy)


         IF ( present (snownc) .and. present (snowncv) .and. loopcnt == loopmax ) THEN

           snownc(ix,jy)  = snownc(ix,jy) + snowncv(ix,jy)

         ENDIF

         IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( present( hailnc ) ) THEN

             hailncv(ix,jy) = dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*xfall(ix,1,lhl)*1000./xdn0(lr)

             IF ( loopcnt == loopmax ) hailnc(ix,jy)  = hailnc(ix,jy) + hailncv(ix,jy)

!           ELSEIF ( present( GRPLNCV ) ) THEN ! if no separate hail accum, then add to graupel

!             GRPLNCV(ix,jy) = GRPLNCV(ix,jy) + dtp*dn1(ix,1,1)*xfall(ix,1,lhl)*1000./xdn0(lr)

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

         IF ( present( grplncv ) .and. loopcnt == loopmax ) THEN

           grplnc(ix,jy)  = grplnc(ix,jy) + grplncv(ix,jy)

         ENDIF

        IF ( present( sr ) .and. present (snowncv) .and. present(grplncv) .and. loopcnt == loopmax ) THEN

         IF ( present( hailnc ) ) THEN

           sr(ix,jy)      = (snowncv(ix,jy)+hailncv(ix,jy)+grplncv(ix,jy))/(rainncv(ix,jy)+1.e-12)

         ELSE

           sr(ix,jy)      = (snowncv(ix,jy)+grplncv(ix,jy))/(rainncv(ix,jy)+1.e-12)

         ENDIF

        ENDIF

       ENDDO


      ENDIF ! isedonly_local


!      ENDIF ! .false.


      IF ( isedonly /= 1 ) THEN

   ! call nssl_2mom_gs: main gather-scatter routine to calculate microphysics


     IF ( debugdriver ) write(0,*) 'N2M: gs, jy = ',jy

!      IF ( isedonly /= 2 ) THEN


      call nssl_2mom_gs   &

     &  (nx,ny,nz,na,jy   &

     &  ,nor,nor          &

     &  ,dtp,dz2d       &

     &  ,t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9     &

     &  ,an,dn1,t77                        &

     &  ,pn,wn,0                           &

     &  ,t00,t77,                          &

     &   ventr,ventc,c1sw,1,ido,           &

     &   xdnmx,xdnmn,                      &

!     &   ln,ipc,lvol,lz,lliq,              &

     &   cdx,                              &

     &   xdn0,dbz2d,tke2d,                 &

     &   thproclocal,nproc,dx1,dy1,ngs,    &

     &   timevtcalc,axtra2d, makediag        &

     &   ,has_wetscav, rainprod2d, evapprod2d, alpha2d  &

     & ,errmsg,errflg &

     &   ,elec2,its,ids,ide,jds,jde          &

     & )


! recalculate dn1 after temperature changes: rho = con_eps*prsl/(con_rd*tgrs*(qv_mp+con_eps))

      DO kz = kts,kte

        DO ix = its,ite

          dn1(ix,1,kz) = rdorv*pn(ix,1,kz)/(rd*t0(ix,1,kz)*(an(ix,1,kz,lv) + rdorv))

        ENDDO

      ENDDO


   ENDIF ! isedonly /= 1


 ! droplet nucleation/condensation/evaporation

   IF ( .true. ) THEN

   CALL nucond    &

     &  (nx,ny,nz,na,jy &

     &  ,nor,nor,dtp,nx  &

     &  ,dz2d &

     &  ,t0,t9 &

     &  ,an,dn1,t77 &

     &  ,pn,wn &

     &  ,ngs   &

     &  ,axtra2d, makediag  &

     &  ,ssat,t00,t77,flag_qndrop)


! Clean up tiny values of mixing ratio and final checks on max/min sizes

       CALL smallvalues    &

     &  (nx,ny,nz,na,jy &

     &  ,nor,nor,dtp,nx &

     &  ,t0 &

     &  ,an,dn1,wn &

     &  ,t77,flag_qndrop)


! recalculate dn1 after temperature changes

      DO kz = kts,kte

        DO ix = its,ite

          dn1(ix,1,kz) = rdorv*pn(ix,1,kz)/(rd*t0(ix,1,kz)*(an(ix,1,kz,lv) + rdorv))

        ENDDO

      ENDDO


   ENDIF


     ENDDO ! loopcnt=1,loopmax

     IF ( present( pcc2 ) .and. makediag ) THEN

         DO kz = kts,kte

          DO ix = its,ite

! example of using the 'axtra2d' array to get rates out of the microphysics routine for output.

! Search for 'axtra' to find example code below

!            pcc2(ix,kz,jy)    = axtra2d(ix,1,kz,1)

          ENDDO

         ENDDO

     ENDIF


     IF (  ( present( ssat3d ) .and. present( nssl_ssat_output )  ) .and. makediag ) THEN

         DO kz = kts,kte

          DO ix = its,ite


         ! updated temperature and qv

         temp1 = t0(ix,1,kz) !  an(ix,1,kz,lt)*t77(ix,1,kz)

          ltemq = int( (temp1-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


          IF ( present( ssat3d ) .and. nssl_ssat_output >= 1 ) THEN


!          c1 = t00(ix,1,kz)*tabqvs(ltemq)

          IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

            c1 = (380.0/pn(ix,1,kz))*tabqvs(ltemq)

          ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

            c1 = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pn(ix,1,kz) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

          ENDIF


          IF ( c1 > 0. ) THEN

            ssat3d(ix,kz,jy) = 100.*(an(ix,1,kz,lv)/c1 - 1.0)  ! from "new" values

          ENDIF


          ENDIF


          IF ( present( ssati ) .and. nssl_ssat_output >= 2 ) THEN

           t9s = (380.0/pn(ix,1,kz))*tabqis(ltemq)  !saturation mixing ratio wrt ice

           ssati(ix,kz,jy) = 100.*(an(ix,1,kz,lv)/t9s - 1.0) !  Min(t8s,max(an(ix,1,kz,lv),0.0))/t9s  ! qv/qvi

          ENDIF


        ENDDO

      ENDDO

     ENDIF


! compute diagnostic S-band reflectivity if needed

     IF ( present( dbz ) .and. makediag .and. lastlooptmp ) THEN

   ! calc dbz


      IF ( .true. ) THEN

      IF ( present(ke_diag) ) THEN

        kediagloc = ke_diag

      ELSE

        kediagloc = nz

      ENDIF

      call radardd02(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,an,t0,         &

     &    dbz2d,dn1,nz,cnoh,rho_qh,ipconc,kediagloc, 0)

      ENDIF ! .false.


       DO kz = kts,kediagloc ! kte

        DO ix = its,ite

         dbz(ix,kz,jy) = dbz2d(ix,1,kz)

         IF ( present( vzf ) ) THEN

           vzf(ix,kz,jy) = vzf2d(ix,1,kz)

           IF ( dbz2d(ix,1,kz) <= 0.0 ) THEN

             vzf(ix,kz,jy) = 0.0

           ELSEIF ( dbz2d(ix,1,kz) <= 15.0 ) THEN

             refl = 10**(0.1*dbz2d(ix,1,kz))

             vzf(ix,kz,jy) = min( vzf2d(ix,1,kz), 2.6 * max(0.0,refl)**0.107 * (1.2/dn1(ix,1,kz))**0.4 )

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

          IF ( present( compdbz ) ) THEN

            compdbz(ix,jy) = max( compdbz(ix,jy), dbz2d(ix,1,kz) )

          ENDIF

        ENDDO

       ENDDO


       ENDIF


! Following Greg Thompson, calculation for effective radii. Used by RRTMG LW/SW schemes if enabled in module_physics_init.F

      IF ( present( has_reqc ).and. present( has_reqi ) .and. present( has_reqs ) .and.  &

           present( re_cloud ).and. present( re_ice ) .and. present( re_snow )    .and.  &

           lastlooptmp) THEN

       IF ( has_reqc.ne.0 .or. has_reqi.ne.0 .or. has_reqs.ne.0) THEN

         DO kz = kts,kte

          DO ix = its,ite

             re_cloud(ix,kz,jy)  = 2.51e-6

             re_ice(ix,kz,jy)    = 10.01e-6

             re_snow(ix,kz,jy)   = 25.e-6

             t1(ix,1,kz) = 2.51e-6

             t2(ix,1,kz) = 10.01e-6

             t3(ix,1,kz) = 25.e-6

             t4(ix,1,kz) = 50.e-6

          ENDDO

         ENDDO


          call calc_eff_radius   &

     &         (nx,ny,nz,na,jy &

     &          ,nor,nor &

     &          ,t1=t1,t2=t2,t3=t3,t4=t4,t5=t5,t6=t6 &

     &          ,f_t4=has_reqr_local,f_t5=has_reqg_local, f_t6=has_reqh_local  &

     &          ,an=an,dn=dn1 )


        DO kz = kts,kte

          DO ix = its,ite

             re_cloud(ix,kz,jy) = max(2.51e-6, min(t1(ix,1,kz), 50.e-6))

             re_ice(ix,kz,jy)   = max(10.01e-6, min(t2(ix,1,kz), 125.e-6))

             re_snow(ix,kz,jy)  = max(25.e-6, min(t3(ix,1,kz), 999.e-6))

             ! check for case where snow needs to be treated as cloud ice (for rrtmg radiation)

             IF ( .not. present(qi) ) re_ice(ix,kz,jy)  = max(10.e-6, min(t3(ix,1,kz), 125.e-6))

          ENDDO

         ENDDO


       IF ( present(has_reqr) .and. present( re_rain ) ) THEN

         IF ( has_reqr /= 0 ) THEN

         DO kz = kts,kte

           DO ix = its,ite

            re_rain(ix,kz,jy)  = max(50.e-6, min(t4(ix,1,kz), 2999.e-6))

           ENDDO

         ENDDO

         ENDIF

       ENDIF


       IF ( present(has_reqg) .and. present( re_graup ) ) THEN

         IF ( has_reqg /= 0 ) THEN

         DO kz = kts,kte

           DO ix = its,ite

            re_graup(ix,kz,jy)  = max(50.e-6, min(t5(ix,1,kz), 10.e-3))

           ENDDO

         ENDDO

         ENDIF

       ENDIF


       IF ( present(has_reqh) .and. present( re_hail ) ) THEN

         IF ( has_reqh /= 0 ) THEN

         DO kz = kts,kte

           DO ix = its,ite

            re_hail(ix,kz,jy)  = max(50.e-6, min(t5(ix,1,kz), 40.e-3))

           ENDDO

         ENDDO

         ENDIF

       ENDIF


         ENDIF

        ENDIF


     IF ( present( hail_maxk1 ) .and. present( hail_max2d ) .and. nwp_diagflag ) THEN

         DO ix = its,ite

            hailmax1d(ix,1) = hail_max2d(ix,jy)

            hailmaxk1(ix,1) = hail_maxk1(ix,jy)

         ENDDO


         call hailmaxd(dtp,nx,ny,nz,an,na,nor,nor,alpha2d,dn1,   &

                          hailmax1d,hailmaxk1,1 )


         DO ix = its,ite

           hail_max2d(ix,jy) = hailmax1d(ix,1)

           hail_maxk1(ix,jy) = hailmaxk1(ix,1)

         ENDDO

!       ENDIF

     ENDIF


! transform concentrations back to mixing ratios

     DO il = lnb,na

      IF ( denscale(il) == 1 ) THEN

       DO kz = kts,kte

        DO ix = its,ite

         an(ix,1,kz,il) = an(ix,1,kz,il)/dn1(ix,1,kz) ! dn(ix,kz,jy)

        ENDDO

       ENDDO

      ENDIF

     ENDDO ! il


   ! copy 2D slabs back to 3D


       DO kz = kts,kte

        DO ix = its,ite


         IF ( present( tt ) ) THEN

           tt(ix,kz,jy)  = t0(ix,1,kz)

         ELSE

           th(ix,kz,jy)  = an(ix,1,kz,lt)

         ENDIF


         qv(ix,kz,jy)  = an(ix,1,kz,lv)

         qc(ix,kz,jy)  = an(ix,1,kz,lc)

         qr(ix,kz,jy)  = an(ix,1,kz,lr)

         IF ( flag_qi ) qi(ix,kz,jy)  = an(ix,1,kz,li)

         qs(ix,kz,jy)  = an(ix,1,kz,ls)

         qh(ix,kz,jy)  = an(ix,1,kz,lh)

         IF ( lhl > 1 ) qhl(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lhl)


         IF ( lccn > 1 .and. is_aerosol_aware .and. flag_qnwfa ) THEN

           ! not used here

         ELSEIF ( flag_ccn .and. lccn > 1 .and. .not. flag_qndrop) THEN

            IF ( lccna > 1 .and. .not. ( present( cna ) .and. f_cnatmp ) ) THEN

              cn(ix,kz,jy) = max(0.0, an(ix,1,kz,lccna) )

            ELSE

              cn(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lccn)

            ENDIF

         ENDIF

         IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( present( cna ) .and. f_cnatmp ) THEN

              cna(ix,kz,jy) = max(0.0, an(ix,1,kz,lccna) )

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


         IF ( lcina > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( present( cni ) .and. f_cinatmp ) THEN

              cni(ix,kz,jy) = max(0.0, an(ix,1,kz,lcina) )

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


         IF ( lccnuf > 0 .and. flag_cnuf ) THEN

           IF ( i_uf_or_ccn > 0 ) THEN ! UF are ccn and lccnuf is zero, so put cnuf into lccnuf to do decay

             an(ix,1,kz,lccnuf) = max(0.0, cnuf(ix,kz,jy) )

           ENDIF

           IF ( decayufccn ) THEN

             IF ( an(ix,1,kz,lccnuf) > ufbackground ) THEN

               an(ix,1,kz,lccnuf) = an(ix,1,kz,lccnuf) - (an(ix,1,kz,lccnuf) - &

                            ufbackground)*(1.0 - exp(-dtp/ufccntimeconst))

             ENDIF

           ENDIF

           cnuf(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lccnuf)

         ENDIF


         IF ( ipconc >= 5 ) THEN


          ccw(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lnc)

          crw(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lnr)

          IF ( present( cci ) ) cci(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lni)

          csw(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lns)

          chw(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lnh)

          IF ( lhl > 1 ) chl(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lnhl)

         ENDIF


         IF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN

            IF ( lzr > 0 )  zrw(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lzr) *zscaleinv

            IF ( lzh > 0 )  zhw(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lzh) *zscaleinv

            IF ( lzhl > 0 ) zhl(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lzhl)*zscaleinv

         ENDIF


         IF ( lvh > 0 .and. present( vhw ) )  vhw(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lvh)

         IF ( lvhl > 0 .and. present( vhl ) ) vhl(ix,kz,jy) = an(ix,1,kz,lvhl)


#if ( WRF_CHEM == 1 )

         IF ( has_wetscav ) THEN

           IF ( loopmax > 1 ) THEN

             ! wrferror not supported

           ENDIF

           IF ( PRESENT( rainprod ) ) rainprod(ix,kz,jy) = rainprod2d(ix,kz)

           IF ( PRESENT( evapprod ) ) evapprod(ix,kz,jy) = evapprod2d(ix,kz)

         ENDIF

#endif


        ENDDO

       ENDDO


     ENDDO ! jy


  RETURN


END SUBROUTINE nssl_2mom_driver


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


      REAL function gamma_sp(xx)


      implicit none

      real xx

      integer j


      double precision :: ser,stp,tmp,x,y,cof(6)

      SAVE cof,stp

      DATA cof    /76.18009172947146d+0,  &

     &            -86.50532032941677d0,   &

     &             24.01409824083091d0,   &

     &             -1.231739572450155d0,  &

     &              0.1208650973866179d-2,&

     &             -0.5395239384953d-5/

      DATA stp/2.5066282746310005d0/


      IF ( xx <= 0.0 ) THEN

        write(0,*) 'Argument to gamma must be > 0!! xx = ',xx

      ENDIF


      x = xx

      y = x

      tmp = x + 5.5d0

      tmp = (x + 0.5d0)*log(tmp) - tmp

      ser = 1.000000000190015d0

      DO j=1,6

        y = y + 1.0d0

        ser = ser + cof(j)/y

      END DO

      gamma_sp = exp(tmp + log(stp*ser/x))


      RETURN

      END FUNCTION gamma_sp


! #####################################################################


      DOUBLE PRECISION FUNCTION gamma_dpr(x)

      ! dp gamma with real input

        implicit none

        real :: x

        double precision :: xx


        xx = x


        gamma_dpr = gamma_dp(xx)


        return

        end FUNCTION gamma_dpr


! #####################################################################


        real function gamxinf(a1,x1)


!       ===================================================

!       Purpose: Compute the incomplete gamma function

!                from x to infinity

!       Input :  a   --- Parameter ( a  170 )

!                x   --- Argument

!       Output:  GIM --- gamma(a,x) t=x,Infinity

!       Routine called: GAMMA for computing gamma(x)

!       ===================================================


!        IMPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION (A-H,O-Z)

        implicit none

        real :: a1,x1

        double precision :: xam,dlog,s,r,ga,t0,a,x

        integer :: k

        double precision :: gin, gim


        a = a1

        x = x1

        IF ( x1 <= 0.0 ) THEN

           gamxinf = gamma_sp(a1)

           return

        ENDIF

        xam=-x+a*dlog(x)

        IF (xam.GT.700.0.OR.a.GT.170.0) THEN

           WRITE(*,*)'a and/or x too large'

        ENDIF

        IF (x.EQ.0.0) THEN

           gin=0.0

           gim = gamma_sp(a1)

        ELSE IF (x.LE.1.0+a) THEN

           s=1.0d0/a

           r=s

           DO 10 k=1,60

              r=r*x/(a+k)

              s=s+r

              IF (dabs(r/s).LT.1.0d-15) GO TO 15

10         CONTINUE

15         gin=dexp(xam)*s

           ga = gamma_sp(a1)

           gim=ga-gin

        ELSE IF (x.GT.1.0+a) THEN

           t0=0.0d0

           DO 20 k=60,1,-1

              t0=(k-a)/(1.0d0+k/(x+t0))

20         CONTINUE

           gim=dexp(xam)/(x+t0)

!           GA = GAMMA_SP(A1)

!           GIN=GA-GIM

        ENDIF


        gamxinf = gim

        return

        END function gamxinf


! #####################################################################


        double precision function gamxinfdp(A1,X1)


!       ===================================================

!       Purpose: Compute the incomplete gamma function

!                from x to infinity

!       Input :  a   --- Parameter ( a < 170 )

!                x   --- Argument

!       Output:  GIM --- Gamma(a,x) t=x,Infinity

!       Routine called: GAMMA for computing gamma_dp(x)

!       ===================================================


!        IMPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION (A-H,O-Z)

        implicit none

        real :: a1,x1

! dont declare gamma_dp because it is within the module

!        double precision :: gamma_dp

        double precision :: xam,dlog,s,r,ga,t0,a,x

        integer :: k

        double precision :: gin, gim


        a = a1

        x = x1

        IF ( x1 <= 0.0 ) THEN

           gamxinfdp = gamma_dp(a)

           return

        ENDIF

        xam=-x+a*dlog(x)

        IF (xam.GT.700.0.OR.a.GT.170.0) THEN

           WRITE(*,*)'a and/or x too large'

        ENDIF

        IF (x.EQ.0.0) THEN

           gin=0.0

           gim = gamma_dp(a)

        ELSE IF (x.LE.1.0+a) THEN

           s=1.0d0/a

           r=s

           DO 10 k=1,60

              r=r*x/(a+k)

              s=s+r

              IF (dabs(r/s).LT.1.0d-15) GO TO 15

10         CONTINUE

15         gin=dexp(xam)*s

           ga = gamma_dp(a)

           gim=ga-gin

        ELSE IF (x.GT.1.0+a) THEN

           t0=0.0d0

           DO 20 k=60,1,-1

              t0=(k-a)/(1.0d0+k/(x+t0))

20         CONTINUE

           gim=dexp(xam)/(x+t0)

!           GA = GAMMA_dp(A)

!           GIN=GA-GIM

        ENDIF


        gamxinfdp = gim

        return

        END function gamxinfdp


! #####################################################################


      real function gaminterp(ratio, alp, luindex, ilh)


      implicit none


      real, intent(in) :: ratio, alp

      integer, intent(in) :: ilh  ! 1 = graupel, 2 = hail

      integer, intent(in) :: luindex ! which argument:

                         ! gamxinflu(i,j,1,1) = x/y

                          ! gamxinflu(i,j,2,1) = gamxinf( 2.0+alp, ratio )/y

                          ! gamxinflu(i,j,3,1) = gamxinf( 2.5+alp+0.5*bxh, ratio )/y

                          ! gamxinflu(i,j,5,1) = gamxinf( 5.0+alp, ratio )/y

                          ! gamxinflu(i,j,6,1) = gamxinf( 5.5+alp+0.5*bxh, ratio )/y


      real :: delx, dely, tmp1, tmp2, temp3

      integer :: i,j,ip1,jp1 !,ilh


!      ilh = Abs(ilh0)


           i = min(nqiacrratio,int(ratio*dqiacrratioinv))

           j = int(max(0.0,min(maxalphalu,alp))*dqiacralphainv)

           delx = min(maxratiolu,ratio) - float(i)*dqiacrratio

           dely = alp - float(j)*dqiacralpha

           ip1 = min( i+1, nqiacrratio )

           jp1 = min( j+1, nqiacralpha )


           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio;

           tmp1 = gamxinflu(i,j,luindex,ilh) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*         &

     &                 (gamxinflu(ip1,j,luindex,ilh) - gamxinflu(i,j,luindex,ilh))

           tmp2 = gamxinflu(i,jp1,luindex,ilh) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*       &

     &                 (gamxinflu(ip1,jp1,luindex,ilh) - gamxinflu(i,jp1,luindex,ilh))


           ! interpolate along alpha;


           gaminterp = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))


           ! debug

!           IF ( ilh0 < 0 ) THEN

!             write(0,*) 'gaminterp: ',i,j,ilh,ratio,delx,dely,gamxinflu(i,j,luindex,ilh),tmp1,tmp2

!           ENDIF


        END FUNCTION gaminterp

! #####################################################################


!**************************** GAML02 ***********************

!  This calculates Gamma(0.2,x)/Gamma[0.2], where is a ratio

!   It is used for qiacr with the gamma of volume to calculate what

!   fraction of drops exceed a certain size (this version is for 40 micron drops)

! **********************************************************

      real function gaml02(x)

      implicit none

      integer ig, i, ii, n, np

      real x

      integer ng

      parameter(ng=12)

      real gamxg(ng), xg(ng)

      DATA xg/0.01,0.02,0.025,0.04,0.075,0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.,2.,10./

      DATA gamxg/  &

     &  7.391019203578037e-8,0.02212726874591478,0.06959352407989682, &

     &  0.2355654024970809,0.46135930387500346,0.545435791452399,     &

     &  0.7371571313308203,                                           &

     &  0.8265676632204345,0.8640182781845841,0.8855756211304151,     &

     &  0.9245079225301251,                                           &

     &  0.9712578342732681/

      IF ( x .ge. xg(ng) ) THEN

        gaml02 = xg(ng)

        RETURN

      ENDIF

      IF ( x .lt. xg(1) ) THEN

        gaml02 = 0.0

        RETURN

      ENDIF

      DO ii = 1,ng-1

        i = ng - ii

        n = i

        np = n + 1

        IF ( x .ge. xg(i) ) THEN

!         GOTO 2

          gaml02 = gamxg(n)+((x-xg(n))/(xg(np)-xg(n)))* &

     &            ( gamxg(np) - gamxg(n) )

          RETURN

        ENDIF

      ENDDO

      RETURN

      END FUNCTION gaml02


!**************************** GAML02d300 ***********************

!  This calculates Gamma(0.2,x)/Gamma[0.2], where is a ratio

!   It is used for qiacr with the gamma of volume to calculate what

!   fraction of drops exceed a certain size (this version is for 300 micron drops) (see zieglerstuff.nb)

! **********************************************************

     real function gaml02d300(x)

      implicit none

      integer ig, i, ii, n, np

      real x

      integer ng

      parameter(ng=9)

      real gamxg(ng), xg(ng)

      DATA xg/0.04,0.075,0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.,2.,10./

      DATA gamxg/                           &

     &  0.0,                                  &

     &  7.391019203578011e-8,0.0002260640810600053,  &

     &  0.16567071824457152,                         &

     &  0.4231369044918005,0.5454357914523988,       &

     &  0.6170290936864555,                           &

     &  0.7471346054110058,0.9037156157718299 /

      IF ( x .ge. xg(ng) ) THEN

        gaml02d300 = xg(ng)

        RETURN

      ENDIF

      IF ( x .lt. xg(1) ) THEN

        gaml02d300 = 0.0

        RETURN

      ENDIF

      DO ii = 1,ng-1

        i = ng - ii

        n = i

        np = n + 1

        IF ( x .ge. xg(i) ) THEN

!         GOTO 2

          gaml02d300 = gamxg(n)+((x-xg(n))/(xg(np)-xg(n)))*  &

     &            ( gamxg(np) - gamxg(n) )

          RETURN

        ENDIF

      ENDDO

      RETURN

      END FUNCTION gaml02d300

!c


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


!**************************** GAML02 ***********************

!  This calculates Gamma(0.2,x)/Gamma[0.2], where is a ratio

!   It is used for qiacr with the gamma of volume to calculate what

!   fraction of drops exceed a certain size (this version is for 500 micron drops) (see zieglerstuff.nb)

! **********************************************************

      real function gaml02d500(x)

      implicit none

      integer ig, i, ii, n, np

      real x

      integer ng

      parameter(ng=9)

      real gamxg(ng), xg(ng)

      DATA xg/0.04,0.075,0.1,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.,2.,10./

      DATA gamxg/  &

     &  0.0,0.0,   &

     &  2.2346039e-13, 0.0221272687459,  &

     &  0.23556540,  0.38710348,         &

     &  0.48136183,0.6565833,            &

     &  0.86918315 /

      IF ( x .ge. xg(ng) ) THEN

        gaml02d500 = xg(ng)

        RETURN

      ENDIF

      IF ( x .lt. xg(1) ) THEN

        gaml02d500 = 0.0

        RETURN

      ENDIF

      DO ii = 1,ng-1

        i = ng - ii

        n = i

        np = n + 1

        IF ( x .ge. xg(i) ) THEN

!         GOTO 2

          gaml02d500 = gamxg(n)+((x-xg(n))/(xg(np)-xg(n)))*  &

     &            ( gamxg(np) - gamxg(n) )

          RETURN

        ENDIF

      ENDDO

      RETURN

      END FUNCTION gaml02d500

!c


! #####################################################################


! #####################################################################


        real function beta(p,q)

!

!       ==========================================

!       Purpose: Compute the beta function B(p,q)

!       Input :  p  --- Parameter  ( p > 0 )

!                q  --- Parameter  ( q > 0 )

!       Output:  BT --- B(p,q)

!       Routine called: GAMMA for computing gamma(x)

!       ==========================================

!

!        IMPLICIT real (A-H,O-Z)

        implicit none

        double precision p1,gp,q1,gq, ppq,gpq

        real p,q


        p1 = p

        q1 = q

        CALL gammadp(p1,gp)

        CALL gammadp(q1,gq)

        ppq=p1+q1

        CALL gammadp(ppq,gpq)

        beta=gp*gq/gpq

        RETURN

        END function beta


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


      DOUBLE PRECISION FUNCTION gamma_dp(xx)


      implicit none

      double precision :: xx

      integer j


      double precision ser,stp,tmp,x,y,cof(6)

      SAVE cof,stp

      DATA cof    /76.18009172947146d+0,  &

     &            -86.50532032941677d0,   &

     &             24.01409824083091d0,   &

     &             -1.231739572450155d0,  &

     &              0.1208650973866179d-2,&

     &             -0.5395239384953d-5/

      DATA stp/2.5066282746310005d0/


      x = xx

      y = x

      tmp = x + 5.5d0

      tmp = (x + 0.5d0)*log(tmp) - tmp

      ser = 1.000000000190015d0

      DO j=1,6

        y = y + 1.0d0

        ser = ser + cof(j)/y

      END DO

      gamma_dp = exp(tmp + log(stp*ser/x))


      RETURN

      END function gamma_dp

! #####################################################################


        SUBROUTINE gammadp(X,GA)

!

!       ==================================================

!       Purpose: Compute gamma function Gamma(x)

!       Input :  x  --- Argument of Gamma(x)

!                       ( x is not equal to 0,-1,-2,...)

!       Output:  GA --- gamma(x)

!       ==================================================

!

!        IMPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION (A-H,O-Z)

        implicit none


        double precision, parameter :: pi=3.141592653589793d0

        double precision :: x,ga,z,r,gr

        integer :: k,m1,m


        double precision :: g(26)


           DATA g/1.0d0,0.5772156649015329d0,                  &

     &          -0.6558780715202538d0, -0.420026350340952d-1,  &

     &          0.1665386113822915d0,-.421977345555443d-1,     &

     &          -.96219715278770d-2, .72189432466630d-2,       &

     &          -.11651675918591d-2, -.2152416741149d-3,       &

     &          .1280502823882d-3, -.201348547807d-4,          &

     &          -.12504934821d-5, .11330272320d-5,             &

     &          -.2056338417d-6, .61160950d-8,                 &

     &          .50020075d-8, -.11812746d-8,                   &

     &          .1043427d-9, .77823d-11,                       &

     &          -.36968d-11, .51d-12,                          &

     &          -.206d-13, -.54d-14, .14d-14, .1d-15/


        IF (x.EQ.int(x)) THEN

           IF (x.GT.0.0d0) THEN

              ga=1.0d0

              m1=x-1

              DO k=2,m1

                ga=ga*k

              ENDDO

           ELSE

              ga=1.0d+300

           ENDIF

        ELSE

           IF (dabs(x).GT.1.0d0) THEN

              z=dabs(x)

              m=int(z)

              r=1.0d0

              DO k=1,m

                 r=r*(z-k)

              ENDDO

              z=z-m

           ELSE

              z=x

           ENDIF

           gr=g(26)

           DO k=25,1,-1

             gr=gr*z+g(k)

           ENDDO

           ga=1.0d0/(gr*z)

           IF (dabs(x).GT.1.0d0) THEN

              ga=ga*r

              IF (x.LT.0.0d0) ga=-pi/(x*ga*dsin(pi*x))

           ENDIF

        ENDIF

        RETURN

        END SUBROUTINE gammadp


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################

!

!

! #####################################################################

      Function delbk(bb,nu,mu,k)

!

!  Purpose: Caluculates collection coefficients following Siefert (2006)

!

!  delbk is equation (90) (b collecting b -- self-collection)

!  mass-diameter relationship: D = a*x**(b), where x = particle mass

!  general distribution: n(x) = A*x**(nu)*Exp(-lam*x**(mu))

!  where

!      A = mu*N/(Gamma((nu+1)/mu)) *lam**((nu+1)/mu)

!

!      lam = ( Gamma((nu+1)/mu)/Gamma((nu+2)/mu) * xbar )**(-mu)

!

!     where  xbar = L/N  (mass content)/(number concentration) = q*rhoa/N

!


      implicit none

      real delbk

      real nu, mu, bb

      integer k


      real tmp, del

      real x1, x2, x3, x4

      integer i


        tmp = ((1.0 + nu)/mu)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        x1 = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = ((2.0 + nu)/mu)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        x2 = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = ((1.0 + 2.0*bb + k + nu)/mu)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        x3 = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


!      delbk =  &

!     &  ((Gamma_sp((1.0 + nu)/mu)/Gamma_sp((2.0 + nu)/mu))**(2.0*bb + k)* &

!     &    Gamma_sp((1.0 + 2.0*bb + k + nu)/mu))/Gamma_sp((1.0 + nu)/mu)


      delbk =  &

     &  ((x1/x2)**(2.0*bb + k)* &

     &    x3)/x1


      RETURN

      END  Function delbk


! #####################################################################

!

!

! #####################################################################

! Equation (91) in Seifert and Beheng (2006) ("a" collecting "b")

      Function delabk(ba,bb,nua,nub,mua,mub,k)


      implicit none

      real delabk

      real nua, mua, ba

      integer k

      real nub, mub, bb


      integer i

      real tmp,del


      real g1pnua, g2pnua, g1pbapnua, g1pbbpk, g1pnub, g2pnub


        tmp = (1. + nua)/mua

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        IF ( i+1 > ngm0 ) THEN

          write(0,*) 'delabk: i+1 > ngm0!!!!',i,ngm0,nua,mua,tmp

        ENDIF

        g1pnua = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami

!        write(91,*) 'delabk: g1pnua,gamma = ',g1pnua,Gamma_sp((1. + nua)/mua)


        tmp = ((2. + nua)/mua)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        g2pnua = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = ((1. + ba + nua)/mua)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        g1pbapnua = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = ((1. + nub)/mub)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        g1pnub = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = ((2 + nub)/mub)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        g2pnub = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = ((1. + bb + k + nub)/mub)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        g1pbbpk = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


      delabk =  &

     &  (2.*(g1pnua/g2pnua)**ba*     &

     &    g1pbapnua*                                               &

     &    (g1pnub/g2pnub)**(bb + k)*                                &

     &    g1pbbpk)/                                                &

     &  (g1pnua*g1pnub)


      RETURN

      END Function delabk


! #######################################################################

!  HAILMAXD - calculated maximum expected hail size

! #######################################################################

     subroutine hailmaxd(dtp,nx,ny,nz,an,na,nor,norz,alpha2d,dn,  &

     &                    hailmax1d,hailmaxk1,jslab )

!

! Calculate maximum hail size from the tail of of the distribution. The value

! of thresh_conc sets the minimum concentration in the integral over (Dmax, Inf).

! This uses the lookup tables for incomplete gamma functions and simply search for

! the expected value (and linearly interpolate) on D.

!

!  Written by ERM 7/2023

!

!

!

      implicit none


      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,norz,ngt,jgs,na,ia

      integer id ! =1 use density, =0 no density

!      integer :: its,ite ! x-range to calculate


      integer ng1

      parameter(ng1 = 1)


      real an(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz,na)

      real dn(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


!      real gz(-nor+ng1:nz+nor),z1d(-nor+ng1:nz+nor,4)

      real dtp

      real alpha2d(-nor+1:nx+nor,1,-norz+1:nz+norz,3)  ! array for PSD shape parameters

      real  :: hailmax1d(nx,ny),hailmaxk1(nx,ny)

      integer infdo

      integer jslab ! which line of xfall to use


      integer ix,jy,kz,ndfall,n,k,il,in

      double precision :: tmp, ratio, del, g1palp

      real, parameter :: dz = 200.


      real :: db1(nx,nz+1),dtz1(nz+1,nx,0:1),dz2dinv(nz+1,nx),db1inv(nx,nz+1)


      real :: rhovtzx(nz,nx)


      real :: alp, diam, diam1, hwdn


!      real, parameter :: cmin = 0.001 ! threshold number per m^3 for maximum diamter (threshold from diag_nwp)

      DOUBLE PRECISION, PARAMETER:: thresh_conc = 0.0005d0                 ! number conc. of graupel/hail per cubic meter

      real :: cwchtmp,cwchltmp, maxdia


!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


      integer :: ixb, jyb, kzb

      integer :: ixe, jye, kze

      integer :: plo, phi

      integer :: ialp, i, j


      logical :: debug_mpi = .false.


! ###################################################################


      IF ( lh > 1 ) THEN

        cwchtmp  = ((3. + dnu(lh))*(2. + dnu(lh))*(1.0 + dnu(lh)))**(-1./3.)

      ENDIF

      IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

        cwchltmp = ((3. + dnu(lhl))*(2. + dnu(lhl))*(1.0 + dnu(lhl)))**(-1./3.)

      ENDIF


      kzb = 1

      kze = nz


      ixb = 1  ! aliased its

      ixe = nx ! aliased ite


      jy = jslab

      jgs = jy


!      hailmax1d(:,jy) = 0.0

!      hailmaxk1(:,jy) = 0.0


      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 3a'


! first graupel, even if hail is also predicted, since graupel can sometime be large on its own

      IF ( lh > 1 .and. lnh > 1 ) THEN

      DO kz = kzb,kze

      DO ix = ixb,ixe

        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) .gt. thresh_conc ) THEN

          IF ( lvh .gt. 1 ) THEN

            hwdn = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

          ELSE

            hwdn = rho_qh

          ENDIF


          tmp = 1. + alpha2d(ix,1,kz,2)

          i = int(dgami*(tmp))

          del = tmp - dgam*i

          g1palp = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


          tmp = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/(hwdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lnh))

          diam = (6.0*tmp/pi)**(1./3.)

          IF ( lzh > 1 ) THEN ! 3moment

            cwchtmp = ((3. + alpha2d(ix,1,kz,2))*(2. + alpha2d(ix,1,kz,2))*(1.0 + alpha2d(ix,1,kz,2)))**(-1./3.)

          ENDIF

          diam1 = diam*cwchtmp ! characteristic diameter, i.e., 1/lambda

         ! want cxd1 = thresh_conc

         !  tmp = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),1,1)

         ! cxd1 = cx(mgs,lh)*(tmp)/g1palp

         ! tmp = thresh_conc*g1palp/cx

         !

         tmp = thresh_conc*g1palp/an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)

         alp = alpha2d(ix,1,kz,2)

         ! gamxinflu(i,j,luindex,ilh)

           j = int(max(0.0,min(maxalphalu,alp))*dqiacralphainv)

           ratio = 0.0

           maxdia = 0.0

           ! eventually could replace with bisection search, but final value of i is usually small

           ! compared to nqiacrratio

           DO i = 0,nqiacrratio-1

              IF ( gamxinflu(i,j,1,1) >= tmp .and. tmp >= gamxinflu(i+1,j,1,1) ) THEN

               !  interpolate here for FWIW

                ratio = i*dqiacrratio

                del = tmp - gamxinflu(i,j,1,1)

                ratio = (float(i) + del/(gamxinflu(i+1,j,1,1) - gamxinflu(i,j,1,1)))*dqiacrratio

                exit

              ENDIF

           ENDDO


           IF ( ratio > 0.0 ) THEN

              maxdia = ratio*diam1 ! units of m

           ENDIF


           IF ( kz == kzb ) THEN

             hailmaxk1(ix,jy) = max( maxdia, hailmaxk1(ix,jy) )

!             IF ( maxdia > 0.1 ) THEN

!            IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) > 1.e-4 ) THEN

!              write(0,*) 'maxdia,tmp,alp,ratio,diam,diam1= ',maxdia,tmp,alp,ratio,diam*100.,diam1*100.

!              write(0,*) 'hwdn, cxhl, qx, g1palp = ',hwdn, an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl), an(ix,jy,kz,lhl), g1palp

!              write(0,*) 'j,gamxinflu(0,2,4) = ',j,gamxinflu(0,j,1,1),gamxinflu(2,j,1,1), &

!                gamxinflu(4,j,1,1)

!            ENDIF

           ENDIF


           hailmax1d(ix,jy) = max(maxdia, hailmax1d(ix,jy) )


        !


        ENDIF


      ENDDO

      ENDDO


      ENDIF ! lh


! And diam for hail if present

      IF ( lhl > 1 .and. lnhl > 1 ) THEN

      DO kz = kzb,kze

      DO ix = ixb,ixe

        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) .gt. thresh_conc ) THEN

          IF ( lvhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

            hwdn = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

          ELSE

            hwdn = rho_qhl

          ENDIF


          tmp = 1. + alpha2d(ix,1,kz,3)

          i = int(dgami*(tmp))

          del = tmp - dgam*i

          g1palp = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


          tmp = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/(hwdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl))

          diam = (6.0*tmp/pi)**(1./3.)

          IF ( lzhl > 1 ) THEN ! 3moment

            cwchltmp = ((3. + alpha2d(ix,1,kz,3))*(2. + alpha2d(ix,1,kz,3))*(1.0 + alpha2d(ix,1,kz,3)))**(-1./3.)

          ENDIF

          diam1 = diam*cwchltmp ! characteristic diameter, i.e., 1/lambda

         ! want cxd1 = thresh_conc

         !  tmp = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),1,1)

         ! cxd1 = cx(mgs,lh)*(tmp)/g1palp

         ! tmp = thresh_conc*g1palp/cx

         !

         tmp = thresh_conc*g1palp/an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)

         alp = alpha2d(ix,1,kz,3)

         ! gamxinflu(i,j,luindex,ilh)

           j = int(max(0.0,min(maxalphalu,alp))*dqiacralphainv)

           ratio = 0.0

           maxdia = 0.0

           ! eventually could replace with bisection search, but final value of i is usually small

           ! compared to nqiacrratio

           DO i = 0,nqiacrratio-1

              IF ( gamxinflu(i,j,1,1) >= tmp .and. tmp >= gamxinflu(i+1,j,1,1) ) THEN

               !  interpolate here for FWIW

                ratio = i*dqiacrratio

                del = tmp - gamxinflu(i,j,1,1)

                ratio = (float(i) + del/(gamxinflu(i+1,j,1,1) - gamxinflu(i,j,1,1)))*dqiacrratio

                exit

              ENDIF

           ENDDO


           IF ( ratio > 0.0 ) THEN

              maxdia = ratio*diam1 ! units of m

           ENDIF


           IF ( kz == kzb ) THEN

             hailmaxk1(ix,jy) = max( maxdia, hailmaxk1(ix,jy) )

!             IF ( maxdia > 0.1 ) THEN

!            IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) > 1.e-4 ) THEN

!              write(0,*) 'maxdia,tmp,alp,ratio,diam,diam1= ',maxdia,tmp,alp,ratio,diam*100.,diam1*100.

!              write(0,*) 'hwdn, cxhl, qx, g1palp = ',hwdn, an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl), an(ix,jy,kz,lhl), g1palp

!              write(0,*) 'j,gamxinflu(0,2,4) = ',j,gamxinflu(0,j,1,1),gamxinflu(2,j,1,1), &

!                gamxinflu(4,j,1,1)

!            ENDIF

           ENDIF


           hailmax1d(ix,jy) = max(maxdia, hailmax1d(ix,jy) )


        !


        ENDIF


      ENDDO

      ENDDO


      ENDIF


     END SUBROUTINE hailmaxd

! #######################################################################

! #######################################################################

     subroutine sediment1d(dtp,nx,ny,nz,an,na,nor,norz,xfall,dn,dz3d,dz3dinv, &

     &                    t0,t7,infdo,jslab,its,jts,  &

     &   timesed1,timesed2,timesed3,zmaxsed,timesetvt) ! used for timing

!

! Sedimentation driver -- column by column

!

!  Written by ERM 10/2011

!

!

!

      implicit none


      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,norz,ngt,jgs,na,ia

      integer id ! =1 use density, =0 no density

      integer :: its,jts ! SW point of local tile


      integer ng1

      parameter(ng1 = 1)


      real an(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz,na)

      real dn(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real dz3d(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real dz3dinv(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real t0(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real t7(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


!      real gz(-nor+ng1:nz+nor),z1d(-nor+ng1:nz+nor,4)

      real dtp

      real xfall(nx,ny,na)  ! array for stuff landing on the ground

      integer infdo

      integer jslab ! which line of xfall to use


      integer ix,jy,kz,ndfall,n,k,il,in

      real tmp, vtmax, dtptmp, dtfrac

      real, parameter :: dz = 200.


      real, allocatable :: db1(:,:), dtz1(:,:,:),dz2dinv(:,:),db1inv(:,:) ! db1(nx,nz+1),dtz1(nz+1,nx,0:1),dz2dinv(nz+1,nx),db1inv(nx,nz+1)

      real, allocatable :: rhovtzx(:,:)

      real, allocatable :: xfall0(:,:), xvt(:,:,:,:),tmpn(:,:,:),tmpn2(:,:,:),z(:,:,:)


      double precision :: timesed1,timesed2,timesed3, zmaxsed,timesetvt,dummy

      double precision :: dt1,dt2,dt3,dt4


      integer :: ngs ! = 512

      integer :: ngscnt,mgs,ipconc0


      real, allocatable ::  qx(:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  qxw(:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  cx(:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  xv(:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  vtxbar(:,:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  xmas(:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  xdn(:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  xdia(:,:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  vx(:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  alpha(:,:)

      real, allocatable ::  zx(:,:)

      logical, allocatable :: hasmass(:,:)


      integer, allocatable :: igs(:),kgs(:)


      real, allocatable :: rho0(:),temcg(:)


      real, allocatable :: temg(:)


      real, allocatable :: rhovt(:)


      real, allocatable :: cwnc(:),cinc(:)

      real, allocatable :: fadvisc(:),cwdia(:),cipmas(:)


      real, allocatable :: cnina(:),cimas(:)


      real, allocatable :: cnostmp(:)


      real :: cimasn,cimasx


!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


      integer :: ixb, jyb, kzb

      integer :: ixe, jye, kze

      integer :: plo, phi


! ###################################################################


      allocate( db1(nx,nz+1),dtz1(nz+1,nx,0:1),dz2dinv(nz+1,nx),db1inv(nx,nz+1),rhovtzx(nz,nx) )

      allocate( xfall0(nx,ny), xvt(nz+1,nx,3,lc:lhab), tmpn(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz) )

      allocate( tmpn2(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz), z(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz,lr:lhab))


      ngs = nz+3


      allocate( qx(ngs,lv:lhab),  &

                qxw(ngs,ls:lhab),  &

                cx(ngs,lc:lhab),  &

                xv(ngs,lc:lhab),  &

                vtxbar(ngs,lc:lhab,3),  &

                xmas(ngs,lc:lhab),  &

                xdn(ngs,lc:lhab),  &

                xdia(ngs,lc:lhab,3),  &

                vx(ngs,li:lhab),  &

                alpha(ngs,lc:lhab),  &

                zx(ngs,lr:lhab),     &

                hasmass(nx,lc+1:lhab), &

                igs(ngs),kgs(ngs), &

                rho0(ngs),temcg(ngs),temg(ngs), rhovt(ngs), &

                cwnc(ngs),cinc(ngs), &

                fadvisc(ngs),cwdia(ngs),cipmas(ngs), &

                cnina(ngs),cimas(ngs), &

                cnostmp(ngs) )


      kzb = 1

      kze = nz


      ixb = 1

      ixe = nx


      jy = 1

      jgs = jy


!

!  zero the precip flux arrays (2d)

!


      xvt(:,:,:,:) = 0.0


      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 3a'


      DO kz = kzb,kze

      DO ix = ixb,ixe

       db1(ix,kz) = dn(ix,jy,kz)

       db1inv(ix,kz) = 1./dn(ix,jy,kz)

       rhovtzx(kz,ix) = sqrt(rho00*min(1.0/0.05, db1inv(ix,kz))) ! prevent excessive rhovt

      ENDDO

      ENDDO


      DO kz = kzb,kze

      DO ix = ixb,ixe

       dtz1(kz,ix,0) = dz3dinv(ix,jy,kz)

       dtz1(kz,ix,1) = dz3dinv(ix,jy,kz)*db1inv(ix,kz)

       dz2dinv(kz,ix) = dz3dinv(ix,jy,kz)

      ENDDO

      ENDDO


      IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN

      DO kz = kzb,kze

      DO ix = ixb,ixe

        an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) = max( 0., an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) )

      ENDDO

      ENDDO

      ENDIF


      DO il = lc+1,lhab

       DO ix = ixb,ixe

!        hasmass(ix,il) = Any( an(ix,jy,:,il) > qxmin(il) )

       ENDDO

      ENDDO


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 3a2'


! loop over columns

      DO ix = ixb,ixe


      dummy = 0.d0


      call ziegfall1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,norz,na,dtp,jgs,ix, &

     &  xvt, rhovtzx, &

     &  an,dn,ipconc,t0,t7,cwmasn,cwmasx, &

     &  cwradn, &

     &  qxmin,xdnmx,xdnmn,cdx,cno,xdn0,xvmn,xvmx, &

     &  ngs,qx,qxw,cx,xv,vtxbar,xmas,xdn,xdia,vx,alpha,zx,igs,kgs, &

     &  rho0,temcg,temg,rhovt,cwnc,cinc,fadvisc,cwdia,cipmas,cnina,cimas, &

     &  cnostmp,              &

     &  infdo,0               &

     & )


! loop over each species and do sedimentation for all moments

     DO il = lc,lhab

       IF ( ido(il) == 0 ) cycle


!       IF ( .not. hasmass(ix,il) ) CYCLE


!      plo = nz

!      phi = 0


      vtmax = 0.0


      do kz = kzb,kze


      ! apply limit vtmaxsed (08/20/2015)

      xvt(kz,ix,1,il) = min( vtmaxsed,  xvt(kz,ix,1,il) )

      xvt(kz,ix,2,il) = min( vtmaxsed,  xvt(kz,ix,2,il) )

      xvt(kz,ix,3,il) = min( vtmaxsed,  xvt(kz,ix,3,il) )


      vtmax = max(vtmax,xvt(kz,ix,1,il)*dz2dinv(kz,ix))

      vtmax = max(vtmax,xvt(kz,ix,2,il)*dz2dinv(kz,ix))

      vtmax = max(vtmax,xvt(kz,ix,3,il)*dz2dinv(kz,ix))


!      IF ( dtp*xvt(kz,ix,1,il)*dz2dinv(kz,ix) >= 0.7 .or. &

!     &     dtp*xvt(kz,ix,2,il)*dz2dinv(kz,ix) >= 0.7 .or. &

!     &     dtp*xvt(kz,ix,3,il)*dz2dinv(kz,ix) >= 0.7 ) THEN

!

!          zmaxsed = Max(zmaxsed, float(kz) )

!!          plo = Min(plo,kz)

!!          phi = Max(phi,kz)

!

!      ENDIF


      ENDDO


      IF ( vtmax == 0.0 ) cycle


      IF ( dtp*vtmax .lt. 0.7 ) THEN ! check whether multiple steps are needed.

        ndfall = 1

      ELSE

       IF ( dtp > 20.0 ) THEN ! more stringent subdivision for large time steps

         ndfall = max(2, int(dtp*vtmax/0.7) + 1)

       ELSE ! more relaxed for small time steps, but might still be a problem for very thin vertical layers near the ground

         ndfall = 1+int(dtp*vtmax + 0.301)

       ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( ndfall .gt. 1 ) THEN

        dtptmp = dtp/real(ndfall)

!        write(0,*) 'subdivide fallout on its,jts,ix,plo,phi = ',its,jts,ix,plo,phi

!        write(0,*) 'for il,jsblab,c,ndfall = ',il,jslab,dtp*vtmax,ndfall

      ELSE

        dtptmp = dtp

      ENDIF


      dtfrac = dtptmp/dtp


      DO n = 1,ndfall


      IF ( do_accurate_sedimentation .and. n .ge. 2 .and. ( n == interval_sedi_vt*(n/interval_sedi_vt) ) ) THEN

!

!  zero the precip flux arrays (2d)

!


      dummy = 0.d0


      xvt(kzb:kze,ix,1:3,il) = 0.0 ! reset to zero because routine will only compute points with q > qmin


      call ziegfall1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,norz,na,dtp,jgs,ix, &

     &  xvt, rhovtzx, &

     &  an,dn,ipconc,t0,t7,cwmasn,cwmasx, &

     &  cwradn, &

     &  qxmin,xdnmx,xdnmn,cdx,cno,xdn0,xvmn,xvmx, &

     &  ngs,qx,qxw,cx,xv,vtxbar,xmas,xdn,xdia,vx,alpha,zx,igs,kgs, &

     &  rho0,temcg,temg,rhovt,cwnc,cinc,fadvisc,cwdia,cipmas,cnina,cimas, &

     &  cnostmp,             &

     &  infdo,il)


      DO kz = kzb,kze

      ! apply limit vtmaxsed (08/20/2015)

        xvt(kz,ix,1,il) = min( vtmaxsed,  xvt(kz,ix,1,il) )

        xvt(kz,ix,2,il) = min( vtmaxsed,  xvt(kz,ix,2,il) )

        xvt(kz,ix,3,il) = min( vtmaxsed,  xvt(kz,ix,3,il) )

      ENDDO


      ENDIF ! (n .ge. 2)


        IF ( il >= lr .and. ( linfall(il) .eq. 3 .or. linfall(il) .eq. 4 ) .and. ln(il) > 0 ) THEN

            call calczgr1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,an,ixe,kze, &

     &         z,db1,jgs,ipconc, dnu(il), il, ln(il), qxmin(il), xvmn(il), xvmx(il), lvol(il), xdn0(il), ix )

        ENDIF


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 1b'


! mixing ratio


      call fallout1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,dtptmp,dtfrac,jgs,xvt(1,1,1,il), &

     &             an,db1,il,1,xfall,dtz1,ix)


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 3c'


! volume


      IF ( ldovol .and. il >= li ) THEN

        IF ( lvol(il) .gt. 1 ) THEN

         call fallout1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,dtptmp,dtfrac,jgs,xvt(1,1,1,il), &

     &              an,db1,lvol(il),0,xfall,dtz1,ix)

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


! reflectivity


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 6 ) THEN

        IF ( lz(il) .gt. 1 ) THEN

         call fallout1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,dtptmp,dtfrac,jgs,xvt(1,1,3,il), &

     &              an,db1,lz(il),0,xfall,dtz1,ix)

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 3d'


      IF ( ipconc .gt. 0 ) THEN !{

        IF ( ipconc .ge. ipc(il) ) THEN


      IF ( ( linfall(il) .ge. 2 ) .and. lz(il) .lt. 1) THEN !{

!

! load number conc. into tmpn to do fallout by mass-weighted mean fall speed

!  to put a lower bound on number conc.

!


        IF ( linfall(il) == 3 .or. linfall(il) == 4 ) THEN

          ! set up for method I or I+II

          DO kz = kzb,kze

              tmpn2(ix,jy,kz) = z(ix,kz,il)

          ENDDO

          DO kz = kzb,kze

              tmpn(ix,jy,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,ln(il))

          ENDDO


        ELSE

          ! set up for method II only

          DO kz = kzb,kze

              tmpn(ix,jy,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,ln(il))

          ENDDO


        ENDIF


      ENDIF !}


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 3f'


       in = 2

       IF ( linfall(il) .eq. 1 ) in = 1


         call fallout1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,dtptmp,dtfrac,jgs,xvt(1,1,in,il), &

     &        an,db1,ln(il),0,xfall,dtz1,ix)


         IF ( lz(il) .lt. 1 ) THEN ! { if not 3-moment, run one of the correction schemes

           IF ( linfall(il) >= 2 ) THEN

           xfall0(:,jgs) = 0.0


           IF ( ( infall .eq. 3 .or. infall .eq. 4 ) .and.  &

     &        ( il .ge. lh .or. (il .eq. lr .and. irfall .eq. infall)    &

                   .or. (il .eq. ls .and. isfall .eq. infall) ) ) THEN

             call fallout1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,1,dtptmp,dtfrac,jgs,xvt(1,1,3,il), &

     &         tmpn2,db1,1,0,xfall0,dtz1,ix)

             call fallout1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,1,dtptmp,dtfrac,jgs,xvt(1,1,1,il), &

     &         tmpn,db1,1,0,xfall0,dtz1,ix)

           ELSE

             call fallout1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,1,dtptmp,dtfrac,jgs,xvt(1,1,1,il), &

     &         tmpn,db1,1,0,xfall0,dtz1,ix)

           ENDIF


           IF ( linfall(il) == 3 .or. linfall(il) == 4 ) THEN

           ! "Method I" - dbz correction

           ! Uses input tmpn2 (temp. Z-moment) to determine if new N and q values in an(:,:,:,ln(il))

           ! cause an increase in reflectivity moment. If so, either use N from mass-wgt Vt (tmpn) to replace

           ! new N (infall=3; I) or use smaller N from tmpn or calculated from q and temporary Z (infall=4; I+II)

           ! Uses 'z' array to check if new reflectivity is greater than pre-sedimentation reflectivity

             call calcnfromz1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,an,tmpn2,ixe,kze, &

     &       z,db1,jgs,ipconc, dnu(il), il, ln(il), qxmin(il), xvmn(il), xvmx(il),tmpn,  &

     &       lvol(il), xdn0(il), infall, ix)


           ELSEIF ( linfall(il) .eq. 5 .and. il .ge. lh .or. ( il == lr .and. irfall == 5 ) ) THEN


             DO kz = kzb,kze

               an(ix,jgs,kz,ln(il)) = max( an(ix,jgs,kz,ln(il)), 0.5* ( an(ix,jgs,kz,ln(il)) + tmpn(ix,jy,kz) ))

             ENDDO


           ELSEIF ( .not. (il .eq. lr .and. irfall .eq. 0) .and. .not. (il .eq. ls .and. isfall .eq. 0) ) THEN

! "Method II" M-wgt N-fallout correction


             DO kz = kzb,kze

               an(ix,jgs,kz,ln(il)) = max( an(ix,jgs,kz,ln(il)), tmpn(ix,jy,kz) )

             ENDDO

           ENDIF  !}

           ENDIF


         ENDIF !} lz(il) .lt. 1

        ENDIF ! ipconc > ipc


      ENDIF !} (ipconc > 0)


      ENDDO ! n=1,ndfall

      ENDDO ! il


      ENDDO ! ix


      deallocate( db1,dtz1,dz2dinv,db1inv,rhovtzx )

      deallocate( xfall0, xvt, tmpn )

      deallocate( tmpn2, z)


      deallocate( qx,  &

                qxw,  &

                cx,  &

                xv,  &

                vtxbar,  &

                xmas,  &

                xdn,  &

                xdia,  &

                vx,  &

                alpha,  &

                zx,     &

                hasmass, &

                igs,kgs, &

                rho0,temcg,temg, rhovt, &

                cwnc,cinc, &

                fadvisc,cwdia,cipmas, &

                cnina,cimas, &

                cnostmp )


      RETURN

      END SUBROUTINE sediment1d


! #####################################################################


!

! #####################################################################


!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

      subroutine fallout1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,dtp,dtfrac,jgs,vt,   &

     &  a,db1,ia,id,xfall,dtz1,ixcol)

!

! First-order, upwind fallout scheme

!

!  Written by ERM 6/10/2011

!

!

!

      implicit none


      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,ngt,jgs,na,ia

      integer id ! =1 use density, =0 no density

      integer ng1

      parameter(ng1 = 1)

      integer :: ixcol


!      real dz3dinv(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor)

!      real a(nx,ny,nz,na)

      real a(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor,na) ! quantity to be 'advected'

      real vt(nz+1,nx)  ! terminal speed for a

      real dtp,dtfrac

      real cmax

      real xfall(nx,ny,na)  ! array for stuff landing on the ground

      real db1(nx,nz+1),dtz1(nz+1,nx,0:1)


! Local


      integer ix,jy,kz,n,k

      integer iv1,iv2

      real tmp

      integer imn,imx,kmn,kmx

      real qtmp1(nz+1)


!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------


      integer :: ixb, jyb, kzb

      integer :: ixe, jye, kze


! ###################################################################


      jy = 1


      iv1 = 0

      iv2 = 0


      imn = nx

      imx = 1

      kmn = nz

      kmx = 1


      cmax = 0.0


      kzb = 1

      kze = nz


      ixb = ixcol

      ixe = ixcol

      ix  = ixcol


      qtmp1(nz+1) = 0.0


      DO kz = kzb,kze

!        DO ix = ixb,ixe

!         cmax = Max(cmax, vt(ix,kz)*dz3dinv(ix,jy,kz))


         IF ( id == 1 ) THEN

         qtmp1(kz) = a(ix,jgs,kz,ia)*vt(kz,ix)*db1(ix,kz)

         ELSE

         qtmp1(kz) = a(ix,jgs,kz,ia)*vt(kz,ix)

         ENDIF


         IF ( a(ix,jgs,kz,ia) .ne. 0.0 ) THEN

!           imn = Min(ix,imn)

!           imx = Max(ix,imx)

           kmn = min(kz,kmn)

           kmx = max(kz,kmx)

         ENDIF

!        ENDDO

      ENDDO


      kmn = max(1,kmn-1)


! first check if fallout is worth doing

!      IF ( cmax .eq. 0.0 .or. imn .gt. imx ) THEN

!        RETURN

!      ENDIF


      IF ( kmn == 1 ) THEN


      kz = 1

!      do ix = imn,imx ! 1,nx-1

         xfall(ix,jy,ia) = xfall(ix,jy,ia) + a(ix,jgs,kz,ia)*vt(kz,ix)*dtfrac

!      enddo


      ENDIF


      do kz = 1,nz

!      do ix = 1,nx

        a(ix,jgs,kz,ia) =  a(ix,jgs,kz,ia) + dtp*dtz1(kz,ix,id)*(qtmp1(kz+1) - qtmp1(kz) )

!      enddo

      enddo


      RETURN

      END SUBROUTINE fallout1d


! ##############################################################################

! ##############################################################################


      subroutine calczgr1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,a,ixe,kze,              &

     &    z,db,jgs,ipconc, alpha, l,ln, qmin, xvmn,xvmx, lvol, rho_qx, ixcol)


      implicit none


      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,na,ngt,jgs

      integer :: ixcol

      integer, parameter :: norz = 3

      real a(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-nor+1:nz+nor,na)

      real z(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:nz+nor,lr:lhab)   ! reflectivity

      real db(nx,nz+1)  ! air density

!      real gt(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-nor+1:nz+nor,ngt)


      integer ixe,kze

      real    alpha

      real    qmin

      real    xvmn,xvmx

      integer ipconc

      integer l   ! index for q

      integer ln  ! index for N

      integer lvol ! index for volume

      real    rho_qx


      integer ix,jy,kz

      real vr,qr,nrx,rd,xv,g1,zx,chw,xdn,ynu


      jy = jgs

      ix = ixcol


      IF ( l .eq. lh .or. l .eq. lhl .or. ( l .eq. lr .and. imurain == 1 )  &

           .or. ( l .eq. ls .and. imusnow == 1 ) ) THEN


      DO kz = 1,kze


          IF (  a(ix,jy,kz,l) .gt. qmin .and. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) .gt. 1.e-15 ) THEN


            IF ( lvol .gt. 1 ) THEN

                IF ( a(ix,jy,kz,lvol) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

                  xdn = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/a(ix,jy,kz,lvol)

                  xdn = min( 900., max( hdnmn, xdn ) )

                ELSE

                  xdn = rho_qx

                ENDIF

            ELSE

                xdn = rho_qx

            ENDIF


            IF ( l == lr ) xdn = 1000.


            qr = a(ix,jy,kz,l)

            xv = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/(xdn*a(ix,jy,kz,ln))

            chw = a(ix,jy,kz,ln)


             IF ( xv .lt. xvmn .or. xv .gt. xvmx ) THEN

              xv = min( xvmx, max( xvmn,xv ) )

              chw = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/(xv*xdn)

             ENDIF


             g1 = (6.0 + alpha)*(5.0 + alpha)*(4.0 + alpha)/  &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha)*(2.0 + alpha)*(1.0 + alpha))

             zx = g1*db(ix,kz)**2*(a(ix,jy,kz,l))*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/chw

!             z(ix,kz,l)  = 1.e18*zx*(6./(pi*1000.))**2

             z(ix,kz,l)  = zx*(6./(pi*1000.))**2


!          IF ( ny.eq.2 .and. kz .ge. 25 .and. kz .le. 29 .and. z(ix,kz,l) .gt. 0. ) THEN

!             write(*,*) 'calczgr: z,dbz,xdn = ',ix,kz,z(ix,kz,l),10*log10(z(ix,kz,l)),xdn

!          ENDIF


          ELSE


            z(ix,kz,l) = 0.0


          ENDIF


      ENDDO


      ELSEIF ( (l == ls .and. imusnow == 3) .or. ( l .eq. lr .and. imurain == 3 ) ) THEN


      xdn = rho_qx ! 1000.

      IF ( l == ls ) ynu = snu

      IF ( l == lr ) ynu = rnu


      DO kz = 1,kze


          IF (  a(ix,jy,kz,l) .gt. qmin .and. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) .gt. 1.e-15 ) THEN


            vr = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/(xdn*a(ix,jy,kz,ln))

!            z(ix,kz,l) = 3.6e18*(ynu+2.0)*a(ix,jy,kz,ln)*vr**2/(ynu+1.0)

            z(ix,kz,l) = 3.6*(ynu+2.0)*a(ix,jy,kz,ln)*vr**2/(ynu+1.0)

!            qr = a(ix,jy,kz,lr)

!            nrx = a(ix,jy,kz,lnr)


          ELSE


            z(ix,kz,l) = 0.0


          ENDIF


      ENDDO


      ENDIF


      RETURN


      END subroutine calczgr1d


! ##############################################################################

! ##############################################################################

!

!  Subroutine to correct number concentration to prevent reflectivity growth by

!  sedimentation in 2-moment ZXX scheme.

!  Calculation is in a slab (constant jgs)

!


      subroutine calcnfromz1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,a,t0,ixe,kze,    &

     &    z0,db,jgs,ipconc, alpha, l,ln, qmin, xvmn,xvmx,t1, &

     &    lvol, rho_qx, infall, ixcol)


      implicit none


      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,na,ngt,jgs,ixcol


      real a(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-nor+1:nz+nor,na)  ! sedimented N and q

      real t0(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-nor+1:nz+nor)    ! sedimented reflectivity

      real t1(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-nor+1:nz+nor)    ! sedimented N (by Vm)

!      real gt(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-nor+1:nz+nor,ngt)

      real z0(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:nz+nor,lr:lhab)   ! initial reflectivity


      real db(nx,nz+1)  ! air density


      integer ixe,kze

      real    alpha

      real    qmin

      real    xvmn,xvmx

      integer ipconc

      integer l   ! index for q

      integer ln  ! index for N

      integer lvol ! index for volume

      real    rho_qx

      integer infall


      integer ix,jy,kz

      double precision vr,qr,nrx,rd,g1,zx,chw,z,znew,zt,zxt

      real xv,xdn

      integer :: ndbz, nmwgt, nnwgt, nwlessthanz


      ndbz = 0

      nmwgt = 0

      nnwgt = 0

      nwlessthanz = 0


      jy = jgs

      ix = ixcol


      IF ( l .eq. lh .or. l .eq. lhl .or. ( l == lr .and. imurain == 1 ) ) THEN


             g1 = (6.0 + alpha)*(5.0 + alpha)*(4.0 + alpha)/  &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha)*(2.0 + alpha)*(1.0 + alpha))


      DO kz = 1,kze


          IF (   t0(ix,jy,kz) .gt. 0. ) THEN ! {


            IF ( lvol .gt. 1 ) THEN

               IF ( a(ix,jy,kz,lvol) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

                 xdn = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/a(ix,jy,kz,lvol)

                 xdn = min( 900., max( hdnmn, xdn ) )

               ELSE

                 xdn = rho_qx

               ENDIF

            ELSE

               xdn = rho_qx

            ENDIF


            IF ( l == lr ) xdn = 1000.


            qr = a(ix,jy,kz,l)

            xv = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/(xdn*a(ix,jy,kz,ln))

            chw = a(ix,jy,kz,ln)


             IF ( xv .lt. xvmn .or. xv .gt. xvmx ) THEN

              xv = min( xvmx, max( xvmn,xv ) )

              chw = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/(xv*xdn)

             ENDIF


             zx = g1*db(ix,kz)**2*( a(ix,jy,kz,l))*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/chw

             z  = zx*(6./(pi*1000.))**2


           IF ( (z .gt. t0(ix,jy,kz) .and. z .gt. 0.0 .and.  &

     &           t0(ix,jy,kz) .gt. z0(ix,kz,l) )) THEN !{


            zx = t0(ix,jy,kz)/((6./(pi*1000.))**2)


            nrx =  g1*db(ix,kz)**2*( a(ix,jy,kz,l))*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/zx

            IF ( infall .eq. 3 ) THEN

              IF ( nrx .gt. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) ) THEN

                ndbz = ndbz + 1

                IF ( t1(ix,jy,kz) .lt. ndbz ) nwlessthanz = nwlessthanz + 1

              ELSE

                nnwgt = nnwgt + 1

              ENDIF

              a(ix,jy,kz,ln) = max( real(nrx), a(ix,jy,kz,ln) )

            ELSE

             IF (  nrx .gt. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) .and. t1(ix,jy,kz) .gt. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) ) THEN

              IF ( nrx .lt. t1(ix,jy,kz)  ) THEN

                ndbz = ndbz + 1

              ELSE

                nmwgt = nmwgt + 1

                IF ( t1(ix,jy,kz) .lt. ndbz ) nwlessthanz = nwlessthanz + 1

              ENDIF

             ELSE

              nnwgt = nnwgt + 1

             ENDIF


              a(ix,jy,kz,ln) = max(min( real(nrx), t1(ix,jy,kz) ), a(ix,jy,kz,ln) )

            ENDIF


           ELSE ! } {

             IF ( t1(ix,jy,kz) .gt. 0 .and. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) .gt. 0 ) THEN

              IF ( t1(ix,jy,kz) .gt. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) ) THEN

                nmwgt = nmwgt + 1

              ELSE

                nnwgt = nnwgt + 1

              ENDIF

            ENDIF

            a(ix,jy,kz,ln) = max(t1(ix,jy,kz), a(ix,jy,kz,ln) )

            nrx = a(ix,jy,kz,ln)


           ENDIF ! }


           ! }

          ELSE ! {

            IF ( t1(ix,jy,kz) .gt. 0 .and. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) .gt. 0 ) THEN

              IF ( t1(ix,jy,kz) .gt. a(ix,jy,kz,ln) ) THEN

                nmwgt = nmwgt + 1

              ELSE

                nnwgt = nnwgt + 1

              ENDIF

            ENDIF

          endif! }


      ENDDO


      ELSEIF ( l .eq. lr .and. imurain == 3) THEN


      xdn = 1000.


      DO kz = 1,kze

          IF (  t0(ix,jy,kz) .gt. 0. ) THEN


            vr = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/(xdn*a(ix,jy,kz,ln))

            z = 3.6*(rnu+2.0)*a(ix,jy,kz,ln)*vr**2/(rnu+1.0)


             IF ( z .gt. t0(ix,jy,kz) .and. z .gt. 0.0 .and.  &

     &          t0(ix,jy,kz) .gt. 0.0                         &

     &          .and. t0(ix,jy,kz) .gt. z0(ix,kz,l) ) THEN


            vr = db(ix,kz)*a(ix,jy,kz,l)/(xdn)

             chw =  a(ix,jy,kz,ln)

            nrx =   3.6*(rnu+2.0)*vr**2/((rnu+1.0)*t0(ix,jy,kz))

             IF ( infall .eq. 3 ) THEN

              a(ix,jy,kz,ln) = max( real(nrx), a(ix,jy,kz,ln) )

            ELSEIF ( infall .eq. 4 ) THEN

              a(ix,jy,kz,ln) = max( min( real(nrx), t1(ix,jy,kz)), a(ix,jy,kz,ln) )

            ENDIF


           ELSE


            a(ix,jy,kz,ln) = max(t1(ix,jy,kz), a(ix,jy,kz,ln) )


           ENDIF


          ELSE


            a(ix,jy,kz,ln) = max(t1(ix,jy,kz), a(ix,jy,kz,ln) )


          ENDIF


      ENDDO


      ENDIF


      RETURN


      END subroutine calcnfromz1d


! ##############################################################################

! ##############################################################################

!

!  Subroutine to calculate number concentrations from initial state that has only mixing ratio.

!  Output N will be in #/m^3 in 'an' array, since sedimentation is done next.

!  Output ccw,cci etc. will be in #/kg


!

! 10.27.2015: Added hail calculation

!


      subroutine calcnfromq(nx,ny,nz,an,na,nor,norz,dn, &

     &  qcw,qci,qsw,qrw,qhw,qhl, &

     &  ccw,cci,csw,crw,chw,chl, &

     &  cccn,cccna, vhw,vhl,qv,spechum, invertccn_flag, cwmasin )


      implicit none


      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,norz,na,ngt,jgs,ixcol


      real an(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz,na)  ! scalars (q, N, Z)


      real dn(nx,nz+1)  ! air density


      real, optional, dimension(nx,nz), intent(inout) :: qcw,qci,qsw,qrw,qhw,qhl, &

                                          ccw,cci,csw,crw,chw,chl, &

                                          cccn,cccna,vhw,vhl,qv, spechum

      logical, optional, intent(in) :: invertccn_flag

      real, optional :: cwmasin


      integer ixe,kze

      real    alpha

      real    qmin

      real    xvmn,xvmx

      integer ipconc

      integer lvol ! index for volume

      integer infall


      integer ix,jy,kz

      double precision vr,q,nrx,nrx2,rd,g1h,g1hl,g1r,g1s,zx,z,znew,zt,zxt,n1,laminv1

      double precision :: zr, zs, zh, dninv

      real, parameter :: xn0s = 3.0e8, xn0r = 8.0e6, xn0h = 2.0e5, xn0hl = 4.0e4

      real, parameter :: xdnr = 1000., xdns = 100. ,xdnh = 700.0, xdnhl = 900.0

      real, parameter :: zhlfac = 1./(pi*xdnhl*xn0hl)

      real, parameter :: zhfac = 1./(pi*xdnh*xn0h)

      real, parameter :: zrfac = 1./(pi*xdnr*xn0r)

      real, parameter :: zsfac = 1./(pi*xdns*xn0s)

      real, parameter :: g0 = (6.0)*(5.0)*(4.0)/((3.0)*(2.0)*(1.0))

      real, parameter :: xims=900.*0.523599*(2.*50.e-6)**3    ! mks   (100 micron diam solid sphere approx)

      real, parameter :: xgms=xdnh*0.523599*(300.e-6)**3    ! mks   (300 micron diam  sphere approx)

      real, parameter :: cwmas09 = 1000.*0.523599*(2.*9.e-6)**3 ! mass of 9-micron radius droplet


      real xv,xdn,cwmasinv

      integer :: ndbz, nmwgt, nnwgt, nwlessthanz

      double precision :: mixconv, mixconvqv, qsmax,qsmax2,qsmax3,qsmax4

      logical :: invertccn_local


! ------------------------------------------------------------------


      IF ( present( invertccn_flag ) ) THEN

        invertccn_local = invertccn_flag

      ELSE

        invertccn_local = .false.

      ENDIF


      IF ( present( cwmasin ) ) THEN

        cwmasinv = 1.0/cwmasin

      ELSE

        cwmasinv = 1.0/cwmas09

      ENDIF


      jy = 1


         g1h = (6.0 + alphah)*(5.0 + alphah)*(4.0 + alphah)/  &

     &        ((3.0 + alphah)*(2.0 + alphah)*(1.0 + alphah))


         g1hl = (6.0 + alphahl)*(5.0 + alphahl)*(4.0 + alphahl)/  &

     &        ((3.0 + alphahl)*(2.0 + alphahl)*(1.0 + alphahl))


         IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

         g1r = (rnu+2.0)/(rnu+1.0)

         ELSE ! imurain == 1

         g1r = (6.0 + alphar)*(5.0 + alphar)*(4.0 + alphar)/  &

     &        ((3.0 + alphar)*(2.0 + alphar)*(1.0 + alphar))

         ENDIF


         g1s = (snu+2.0)/(snu+1.0)

      qsmax = 0

      qsmax2 = 0

      qsmax3 = 0

      qsmax4 = 0

!      IF ( .not. present( qcw ) ) THEN

      DO kz = 1,nz

       DO ix = 1,nx ! ixcol


!         qv_mp = spechum/(1.0_kind_phys-spechum)

!         IF ( convertdry ) THEN

!         qc_mp = qc/(1.0_kind_phys-spechum)

        mixconv = 1

        IF ( present( spechum ) ) THEN ! convert to "dry" mixing ratios

          an(ix,jy,kz,lv)  = spechum(ix,kz)/(1.0d0 - spechum(ix,kz))

          mixconv = 1.0d0/(1.0d0 - spechum(ix,kz))

        ELSE

          mixconv = 1.0d0

        ENDIF

        IF ( present( qv ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = qv(ix,kz) ! assume qv is "dry" mixing ratio if passed in

        IF ( present( qcw ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lc) = qcw(ix,kz)*mixconv

        IF ( present( qrw ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lr) = qrw(ix,kz)*mixconv

        IF ( present( qci ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,li) = qci(ix,kz)*mixconv

        IF ( present( qsw ) ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,ls) = qsw(ix,kz)*mixconv

!          qsmax = Max( qsmax, qsw(ix,kz) )

!          qsmax2 = Max( qsmax2, an(ix,jy,kz,ls) )

        ENDIF

        IF ( present( qhw ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lh) = qhw(ix,kz)*mixconv

        IF ( lhl > 1 .and. present( qhl ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) = qhl(ix,kz)*mixconv

        IF ( present( ccw ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) = ccw(ix,kz)*mixconv*dn(ix,kz)

        IF ( present( crw ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) = crw(ix,kz)*mixconv*dn(ix,kz)

        IF ( present( cci ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lni) = cci(ix,kz)*mixconv*dn(ix,kz)

        IF ( present( csw ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lns) = csw(ix,kz)*mixconv*dn(ix,kz)

        IF ( present( chw ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) = chw(ix,kz)*mixconv*dn(ix,kz)

        IF ( lhl > 1 .and. present( chl ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) = chl(ix,kz)*mixconv*dn(ix,kz)

        IF ( lvh > 1 .and. present( vhw ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = vhw(ix,kz)*mixconv

        IF ( lvhl > 1 .and. present( vhl ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = vhl(ix,kz)*mixconv

        IF ( lccn > 1 .and. present( cccn ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) = cccn(ix,kz)*mixconv*dn(ix,kz)

        IF ( lccna > 1 .and. present( cccna ) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) = cccna(ix,kz)*mixconv


         dninv = 1./dn(ix,kz)


!        IF ( .not. present( qcw ) ) THEN

   !  Cloud droplets


         IF ( lnc > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) <= cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lc) > qxmin_init(lc) ) THEN


             an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) = min(qccn, an(ix,jy,kz,lc)*cwmasinv )*dn(ix,kz)


             IF ( invertccn_local ) THEN

               an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) + an(ix,jy,kz,lnc)

             ELSE


             IF ( lccn > 1 .and. lccna < 1 ) THEN

                an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) - an(ix,jy,kz,lnc)

             ENDIF

             IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

                an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) + an(ix,jy,kz,lnc)

             ENDIF

             ENDIF


           ELSEIF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lc) <= qxmin(lc) .or.  &

                    ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) <= cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lc) <= qxmin_init(lc)) ) THEN


             an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,lc)

             an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) = 0.0

             an(ix,jy,kz,lc) = 0.0


           ENDIF

         ENDIF


   !  Cloud ice


         IF ( lni > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lni) <= cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,li) > qxmin_init(li) ) THEN

             an(ix,jy,kz,lni) = dn(ix,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,li)/xims


           ELSEIF ( an(ix,jy,kz,li) <= qxmin(li) .or. &

                    ( an(ix,jy,kz,lni) <= cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,li) <= qxmin_init(li)) ) THEN

             an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,li)

             an(ix,jy,kz,lni) = 0.0

             an(ix,jy,kz,li) = 0.0

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


   !  rain


         IF ( lnr > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) <= 0.1*cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lr) > qxmin_init(lr) ) THEN


             q = an(ix,jy,kz,lr)


             laminv1 = (dn(ix,kz) * q * zrfac)**(0.25)  ! inverse of slope


             n1 = laminv1*xn0r  ! number concentration for inv. exponential single moment input


             nrx =  n1*g1r/g0   ! number concentration for different shape parameter


             an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) = nrx ! *dninv ! convert to number mixing ratio


           ELSEIF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lr) <= qxmin(lr) .or. &

                    ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) <= cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lr) <= qxmin_init(lr)) ) THEN

             an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,lr)

             an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) = 0.0

             an(ix,jy,kz,lr) = 0.0

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


             IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN ! set reflectivity moment

               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lr) > qxmin_init(lr) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lzr) < zxmin .and. &

                    an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) > cxmin ) THEN

                  q = an(ix,jy,kz,lr)

                  nrx = an(ix,jy,kz,lnr)

                  an(ix,jy,kz,lzr) = 36.*g1r*dn(ix,kz)**2*q**2/(pi**2*xdnr**2*nrx) ! *dninv

               ENDIF

             ENDIF


  ! snow

         IF ( lns > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lns) <= 0.1*cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,ls) > qxmin_init(ls) ) THEN


             q = an(ix,jy,kz,ls)


             laminv1 = (dn(ix,kz) * q * zsfac)**(0.25)  ! inverse of slope


             n1 = laminv1*xn0s  ! number concentration for inv. exponential single moment input


             nrx =  n1*g1s/g0   ! number concentration for different shape parameter


             an(ix,jy,kz,lns) = nrx ! *dninv ! convert to number mixing ratio


           ELSEIF ( an(ix,jy,kz,ls) <= qxmin(ls) .or. &

                    ( an(ix,jy,kz,lns) <= cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,ls) <= qxmin_init(ls)) ) THEN

             an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,ls)

             an(ix,jy,kz,lns) = 0.0

             an(ix,jy,kz,ls) = 0.0


           ENDIF

         ENDIF


    ! graupel


         IF ( lnh > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) <= 0.1*cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lh) > qxmin_init(lh) ) THEN

             IF ( lvh > 1 ) THEN

               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) <= 0.0 ) THEN

                 an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/xdnh

               ENDIF

             ENDIF


             q = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)


             laminv1 = (dn(ix,kz) * q * zhfac)**(0.25)  ! inverse of slope


             n1 = laminv1*xn0h  ! number concentration for inv. exponential single moment input


             nrx =  n1*g1h/g0   ! number concentration for different shape parameter


             nrx2 = dn(ix,kz) * q / xgms


             nrx = min( nrx, nrx2 )


             IF ( nrx > cxmin ) THEN

               an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) = nrx ! *dninv ! convert to number mixing ratio

             ELSE

               an(ix,jy,kz,lh) = 0.0

               an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) = 0.0

               an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = 0.0

             ENDIF


           ELSEIF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) <= qxmin(lh) .or. &

                    ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) <= cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lh) <= qxmin_init(lh)) ) THEN


              an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,lh)

              an(ix,jy,kz,lh) = 0.0


           ENDIF

         ENDIF


             IF ( lzh > 1 ) THEN ! set reflectivity moment

               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) > qxmin_init(lh) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) < zxmin .and. &

                    an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) > cxmin ) THEN

                  q = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)

                  nrx = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)

                  an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) = 36.*g1h*dn(ix,kz)**2*q**2/(pi**2*xdnh**2*nrx) ! *dninv

               ENDIF

             ENDIF


    ! hail


         IF ( lnhl > 1 .and. lhl > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) <= 0.1*cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) > qxmin_init(lhl) ) THEN

             IF ( lvhl > 1 ) THEN

               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) <= 0.0 ) THEN

                 an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/xdnhl

               ENDIF

             ENDIF


             q = an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)


             laminv1 = (dn(ix,kz) * q * zhlfac)**(0.25)  ! inverse of slope


             n1 = laminv1*xn0hl  ! number concentration for inv. exponential single moment input


             nrx =  n1*g1hl/g0   ! number concentration for different shape parameter


             an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) = nrx ! *dninv ! convert to number mixing ratio


           ELSEIF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) <= qxmin(lhl) .or.  &

                   ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) <= cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) <= qxmin_init(lhl)) ) THEN


              an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)

              an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) = 0.0


           ENDIF

         ENDIF


             IF ( lzhl > 1 ) THEN ! set reflectivity moment

               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) > qxmin_init(lhl) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) < zxmin .and. &

                    an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) > cxmin ) THEN

                  q = an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)

                  nrx = an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)

                  an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) = 36.*g1hl*dn(ix,kz)**2*q**2/(pi**2*xdnhl**2*nrx) ! *dninv

               ENDIF

             ENDIF


!         ENDIF


!         spechum = qv_mp/(1.0_kind_phys+qv_mp)

!         IF ( convertdry ) THEN

!         qc      = qc_mp/(1.0_kind_phys+qv_mp)

        mixconvqv = 1

        IF ( present( spechum ) ) THEN ! convert back to "dry+vapor" mixing ratios

          !an(ix,jy,kz,lv)  = spechum(ix,kz)/(1.0d0 - spechum(ix,kz))

          mixconvqv = 1.0d0/(1.0d0 + an(ix,jy,kz,lv))

          spechum(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv)*mixconvqv

        ELSE

          mixconvqv = 1.0d0

        ENDIF


        IF ( present( qv ) )  qv(ix,kz)  = an(ix,jy,kz,lv)

        IF ( present( qcw ) ) qcw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lc)*mixconvqv

        IF ( present( qrw ) ) qrw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lr)*mixconvqv

        IF ( present( qci ) ) qci(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,li)*mixconvqv

        IF ( present( qsw ) ) THEN

          qsw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,ls)*mixconvqv

!          qsmax3 = Max( qsmax3, qsw(ix,kz) )

!          qsmax4 = Max( qsmax4, an(ix,jy,kz,ls) )

        ENDIF

        IF ( present( qhw ) ) qhw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)*mixconvqv

        IF ( lhl > 1 .and. present( qhl ) ) qhl(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)*mixconvqv

        IF ( present( ccw ) ) ccw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lnc)*mixconvqv*dninv

        IF ( present( crw ) ) crw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lnr)*mixconvqv*dninv

        IF ( present( cci ) ) cci(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lni)*mixconvqv*dninv

        IF ( present( csw ) ) csw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lns)*mixconvqv*dninv

        IF ( present( chw ) ) chw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)*mixconvqv*dninv

        IF ( lhl > 1 .and. present( chl ) ) chl(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)*mixconvqv*dninv

        IF ( lvh > 1 .and. present( vhw ) ) vhw(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)*mixconvqv

        IF ( lvhl > 1 .and. present( vhl ) ) vhl(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)*mixconvqv

        IF ( lccn > 1 .and. present( cccn ) ) cccn(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccn)*mixconvqv*dninv

        IF ( lccna > 1 .and. present( cccna ) ) cccna(ix,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccna)*mixconvqv


      ENDDO ! ix

      ENDDO ! kz

!      ELSE

!        write(0,*) 'calcnfromq: lv = ',lv,lc,lr,li,ls,lh,lvh,lhl,lccn,lccna

!        write(0,*) 'calcnfromq: nx,ny,nz,na = ',nx,ny,nz,na

!

!      ENDIF


!      IF ( present( qsw ) ) THEN

!      write(0,*) 'calcnfromq: qsmax = ',qsmax,qsmax2,qsmax3,qsmax4

!      ENDIF


      RETURN


      END subroutine calcnfromq


! ##############################################################################

! ##############################################################################

!

!  Subroutine to calculate number concentrations from convection parameterization rates that have only mixing ratio.

!  N will be in #/kg, NOT #/m^3, since sedimentation is done next.

!


!

! 10.27.2015: Added hail calculation

!

      subroutine calcnfromcuten(nx,ny,nz,an,anold,na,nor,norz,dn)


      implicit none


      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,norz,na,ngt,jgs,ixcol


      real an(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz,na)  ! scalars (q, N, Z) from CUTEN arrays

      real anold(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz,na)  ! scalars (q, N, Z)


      real dn(nx,nz+1)  ! air density


      integer ixe,kze

      real    alpha

      real    qmin

      real    xvmn,xvmx

      integer ipconc

      integer lvol ! index for volume

      integer infall


      integer ix,jy,kz

      double precision vr,q,nrx,rd,g1h,g1hl,g1r,g1s,zx,chw,z,znew,zt,zxt,n1,laminv1

      double precision :: zr, zs, zh, dninv

      real, parameter :: xn0s = 3.0e6, xn0r = 8.0e6, xn0h = 4.0e4, xn0hl = 4.0e4

      real, parameter :: xdnr = 1000., xdns = 100. ,xdnh = 700.0, xdnhl = 900.0

      real, parameter :: zhlfac = 1./(pi*xdnhl*xn0hl)

      real, parameter :: zhfac = 1./(pi*xdnh*xn0h)

      real, parameter :: zrfac = 1./(pi*xdnr*xn0r)

      real, parameter :: zsfac = 1./(pi*xdns*xn0s)

      real, parameter :: g0 = (6.0)*(5.0)*(4.0)/((3.0)*(2.0)*(1.0))

      real, parameter :: xims=900.*0.523599*(2.*50.e-6)**3    ! mks   (100 micron diam solid sphere approx)

      real, parameter :: xcms=1000.*0.523599*(2.*7.5e-6)**3    ! mks   (100 micron diam solid sphere approx)


      real :: xmass,xv,xdn

      integer :: ndbz, nmwgt, nnwgt, nwlessthanz


! ------------------------------------------------------------------


      jy = 1


         g1h = (6.0 + alphah)*(5.0 + alphah)*(4.0 + alphah)/  &

     &        ((3.0 + alphah)*(2.0 + alphah)*(1.0 + alphah))


         g1hl = (6.0 + alphahl)*(5.0 + alphahl)*(4.0 + alphahl)/  &

     &        ((3.0 + alphahl)*(2.0 + alphahl)*(1.0 + alphahl))


         IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

         g1r = (rnu+2.0)/(rnu+1.0)

         ELSE ! imurain == 1

         g1r = (6.0 + alphar)*(5.0 + alphar)*(4.0 + alphar)/  &

     &        ((3.0 + alphar)*(2.0 + alphar)*(1.0 + alphar))

         ENDIF


         g1s = (snu+2.0)/(snu+1.0)


      DO kz = 1,nz

       DO ix = 1,nx ! ixcol


         dninv = 1./dn(ix,kz)


   !  Cloud droplets


         IF ( lnc > 1 ) THEN

!           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) <= 0.1*cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lc) > qxmin(lc) ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) > qxmin(lc) ) THEN

             anold(ix,jy,kz,lnc) = anold(ix,jy,kz,lnc) + an(ix,jy,kz,lc)/xcms

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


   !  Cloud ice


         IF ( lni > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lni) > qxmin(li) ) THEN

             anold(ix,jy,kz,lni) = anold(ix,jy,kz,lni) + an(ix,jy,kz,li)/xims

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


   !  rain


         IF ( lnr > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN ! adding rain mass from CU scheme


            IF ( .true. .or. (anold(ix,jy,kz,lr) - an(ix,jy,kz,lr)) < qxmin(lr) .or. anold(ix,jy,kz,lnr) < cxmin ) THEN


             q = an(ix,jy,kz,lr)


             laminv1 = (dn(ix,kz) * q * zrfac)**(0.25)  ! inverse of slope


             n1 = laminv1*xn0r  ! number concentration for inv. exponential single moment input


             nrx =  n1*g1r/g0   ! number concentration for different shape parameter


             anold(ix,jy,kz,lnr) = anold(ix,jy,kz,lnr) + nrx ! *dninv ! convert to number mixing ratio


            ELSE

             ! assume mean particle mass of pre-existing snow

                xmass = anold(ix,jy,kz,lr)/anold(ix,jy,kz,lnr)

                anold(ix,jy,kz,lnr) = anold(ix,jy,kz,lnr) + an(ix,jy,kz,lr)/xmass

            ENDIF


             IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN ! set reflectivity moment

               an(ix,jy,kz,lzr) = 36.*g1r*dn(ix,kz)**2*q**2/(pi**2*xdnr**2*nrx) ! *dninv

             ENDIF

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


  ! snow

         IF ( lns > 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,ls) > qxmin(ls) ) THEN ! adding snow mass from CU scheme


             IF ( .true. .or. (anold(ix,jy,kz,ls) - an(ix,jy,kz,ls)) < qxmin(ls) .or. anold(ix,jy,kz,lns) < cxmin ) THEN


             ! assume that there was no snow before this


             q = an(ix,jy,kz,ls)


             laminv1 = (dn(ix,kz) * q * zsfac)**(0.25)  ! inverse of slope


             n1 = laminv1*xn0s  ! number concentration for inv. exponential single moment input


             nrx =  n1*g1s/g0   ! number concentration for different shape parameter


             anold(ix,jy,kz,lns) = anold(ix,jy,kz,lns) + nrx ! *dninv ! convert to number mixing ratio


             ELSE

             ! assume mean particle mass of pre-existing snow

                xmass = anold(ix,jy,kz,ls)/anold(ix,jy,kz,lns)

                anold(ix,jy,kz,lns) = anold(ix,jy,kz,lns) + an(ix,jy,kz,ls)/xmass

             ENDIF


           ENDIF

         ENDIF


    ! graupel


!         IF ( lnh > 1 ) THEN

!           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) <= 0.1*cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lh) > qxmin(lh) ) THEN

!             IF ( lvh > 1 ) THEN

!               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!                 an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/xdnh

!               ENDIF

!             ENDIF

!

!             q = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)

!

!             laminv1 = (dn(ix,kz) * q * zhfac)**(0.25)  ! inverse of slope

!

!             n1 = laminv1*xn0h  ! number concentration for inv. exponential single moment input

!

!             nrx =  n1*g1h/g0   ! number concentration for different shape parameter

!

!             an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) = nrx ! *dninv ! convert to number mixing ratio

!

!             IF ( lzh > 1 ) THEN ! set reflectivity moment

!               an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) = 36.*g1h*dn(ix,kz)**2*q**2/(pi**2*xdnh**2*nrx) ! *dninv

!             ENDIF

!           ENDIF

!         ENDIF

!

!    ! hail

!

!         IF ( lnhl > 1 .and. lhl > 1 ) THEN

!           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) <= 0.1*cxmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) > qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

!             IF ( lvhl > 1 ) THEN

!               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!                 an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/xdnhl

!               ENDIF

!             ENDIF

!

!             q = an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)

!

!             laminv1 = (dn(ix,kz) * q * zhlfac)**(0.25)  ! inverse of slope

!

!             n1 = laminv1*xn0hl  ! number concentration for inv. exponential single moment input

!

!             nrx =  n1*g1hl/g0   ! number concentration for different shape parameter

!

!             an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) = nrx ! *dninv ! convert to number mixing ratio

!

!             IF ( lzhl > 1 ) THEN ! set reflectivity moment

!               an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) = 36.*g1hl*dn(ix,kz)**2*q**2/(pi**2*xdnhl**2*nrx) ! *dninv

!             ENDIF

!           ENDIF

!         ENDIF


      ENDDO ! ix

      ENDDO ! kz


      RETURN


      END subroutine calcnfromcuten


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


   SUBROUTINE calc_eff_radius    &

     &  (nx,ny,nz,na,jyslab &

     &  ,nor,norz &

     &  ,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6, f_t4, f_t5,f_t6  &

     &  ,qcw,qci,qsw,qrw &

     &  ,ccw,cci,csw,crw &

     &  ,an,dn )


   implicit none


      integer, parameter :: ng1 = 1

      integer :: nx,ny,nz,na

      integer :: ng

      integer :: nor,norz, jyslab ! ,nht,ngt,igsr

      real    :: dtp  ! time step


!

! external temporary arrays

!


      real,optional :: t1(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real,optional :: t2(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real,optional :: t3(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real,optional :: t4(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real,optional :: t5(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real,optional :: t6(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      logical, optional :: f_t4, f_t5, f_t6 ! flags to fill t4/t5/t6 for rain/graupel/hail


      real, optional :: an(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz,na)

      real dn(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real, optional, dimension(nx,nz) :: qcw,qci,qsw,qrw,ccw,cci,csw,crw


    ! local


      real pb(-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real pinit(-norz+ng1:nz+norz)


!

!  declarations microphysics and for gather/scatter

!

      integer nxmpb,nzmpb,nxz

      integer mgs,ngs,numgs,inumgs

      parameter(ngs=1)

      integer ngscnt,igs(ngs),kgs(ngs)

      real rho0(ngs)


      integer ix,kz,i,n, kp1

      integer :: jy, jgs

      integer ixb,ixe,jyb,jye,kzb,kze


      integer itile,jtile,ktile

      integer ixend,jyend,kzend,kzbeg

      integer nxend,nyend,nzend,nzbeg


      real :: qx(ngs,lv:lhab)

      real :: cx(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: xv(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: xmas(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: xdn(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: xdia(ngs,lc:lhab,3)

      real :: alpha(ngs,lc:lhab)


      real :: gamc1,gamc2,gami1,gami2,gams1,gams2, factor_c, factor_i, factor_s

      real :: lam_c, lam_i, lam_s, lam_r, lam_h, lam_hl

      real :: gamr1,gamr2,gamh1,gamh2,factor_r,factor_h,factor_hl

      integer :: il

      real :: hwdn,hldn

      double precision :: numh, numhl,denomh,denomhl


      logical :: flag_t4, flag_t5, flag_t6


      real, parameter :: qmin = 1.e-8

      real, parameter :: volmin = 1.e-30


! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      itile = nx

      jtile = ny

      ktile = nz

      ixend = nx

      jyend = ny

      kzend = nz

      nxend = nx + 1

      nyend = ny + 1

      nzend = nz

      kzbeg = 1

      nzbeg = 1


      flag_t4 = .false.

      flag_t5 = .false.

      flag_t6 = .false.


      IF ( present(f_t4) ) THEN

        IF ( present(f_t4) ) THEN

        flag_t4 = f_t4

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( present(f_t5) ) THEN

        IF ( present(f_t5) ) THEN

        flag_t5 = f_t5

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( present(f_t6) ) THEN

        IF ( present(f_t6) ) THEN

        flag_t6 = f_t6

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


       jy = 1

       pb(:) = 0.0

       pinit(:) = 0.0


     gamc1 = gamma_sp(2. + cnu)

     gamc2 = 1. ! Gamma[1 + alphac]

     gami1 = gamma_sp(2. + cinu)

     gami2 = 1. ! Gamma[1 + alphac]

     gams1 = gamma_sp(2. + snu)

     gams2 = gamma_sp(1. + snu)

     gamr1 = gamma_sp(2. + rnu)

     gamr2 = gamma_sp(1. + rnu)


     factor_c = (1. + cnu)*gamma_sp(1. + cnu)/gamma_sp(5./3. + cnu)

     factor_i = (1. + cinu)*gamma_sp(1. + cinu)/gamma_sp(5./3. + cinu)

     factor_s = (1. + snu)*gamma_sp(1. + snu)/gamma_sp(5./3. + snu)


     IF ( present(t4) ) THEN

     IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

       factor_r = (1. + rnu)*gamma_sp(1. + rnu)/gamma_sp(5./3. + rnu)

     ELSE

       factor_r = ((pi*(alphar+3.)*(alphar+1.)*(alphar+1.))/6.)**(1./3.)

     ENDIF

     ENDIF


      factor_h = ((pi*(alphah+3.)*(alphah+1.)*(alphah+1.))/6.)**(1./3.)

      factor_hl = ((pi*(alphahl+3.)*(alphahl+1.)*(alphahl+1.))/6.)**(1./3.)


!

!     jy = 1 ! working on a 2d slab

!!  VERY IMPORTANT:  SET jgs = jy


      jgs = jy


      mgs = 1

      DO kz = 1,nz

       DO ix = 1,nx ! ixcol


         rho0(mgs) = dn(ix,jy,kz)

         IF ( present( an ) ) THEN

         DO il = lc,lhab

          qx(mgs,il) = max(an(ix,jy,kz,il), 0.0)

          cx(mgs,il) = max(an(ix,jy,kz,ln(il)), 0.0)

         ENDDO

         ELSE

          qx(mgs,:) = 0.0

          cx(mgs,:) = 0.0

          IF ( present(qcw) ) qx(mgs,lc) = qcw(ix,kz)

          IF ( present(qci) ) qx(mgs,li) = qci(ix,kz)

          IF ( present(qsw) ) qx(mgs,ls) = qsw(ix,kz)

          IF ( present(qrw) ) qx(mgs,lr) = qrw(ix,kz)

          IF ( present(ccw) ) cx(mgs,lc) = ccw(ix,kz)*rho0(mgs)

          IF ( present(cci) ) cx(mgs,li) = cci(ix,kz)*rho0(mgs)

          IF ( present(csw) ) cx(mgs,ls) = csw(ix,kz)*rho0(mgs)

          IF ( present(crw) ) cx(mgs,lr) = crw(ix,kz)*rho0(mgs)


         ENDIF


         IF ( present( t1 ) .and. qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) > cxmin ) THEN

! Lambda for cloud droplets

         lam_c = ((cx(mgs,lc)*(pi/6.)*xdn0(lc)*gamc1)/(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)*gamc2))**(1./3.)

          t1(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*factor_c/lam_c

         ENDIF


         IF ( present( t2 ) .and. qx(mgs,li) > qxmin(li) .and. cx(mgs,li) > cxmin ) THEN

! Lambda for cloud ice

         lam_i = ((cx(mgs,li)*(pi/6.)*xdn0(li)*gami1)/(qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)*gami2))**(1./3.)

          t2(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*factor_i/lam_i

         ENDIF


         IF ( present( t3 ) .and. qx(mgs,ls) > qxmin(ls) .and. cx(mgs,ls) > cxmin  ) THEN

! Lambda for snow

         lam_s = ((cx(mgs,ls)*(pi/6.)*xdn0(ls)*gams1)/(qx(mgs,ls)*rho0(mgs)*gams2))**(1./3.)

          t3(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*factor_s/lam_s

         ENDIF


         IF ( present( t4 ) .and.( ( present(qrw) .and. present(crw) ) .or. flag_t4 ) ) THEN

         IF ( qx(mgs,lr) > max(qmin,qxmin(lr))  .and. cx(mgs,lr) > cxmin ) THEN

           IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN ! gamma-diameter

! Lambda for rain

             lam_r = factor_r *((xdn0(lr)*cx(mgs,lr))/(qx(mgs,lr)*rho0(mgs)))**(1./3.)

             t4(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*(alphar+3.)/lam_r

           ELSE ! gamma-volume

! Lambda for rain

             lam_r = ((cx(mgs,lr)*(pi/6.)*xdn0(lr)*gamr1)/(qx(mgs,lr)*rho0(mgs)*gamr2))**(1./3.)

             t4(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*factor_r/lam_r

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

         ENDIF


         IF ( present(t5) .and. flag_t5 ) THEN


         ! first: case when hail is off


         IF (  lhl < 1 .or. flag_t6 ) THEN

         ! graupel only

           IF ( qx(mgs,lh) > max(qmin,qxmin(lh)) ) THEN

            ! Lambda for graupel

            hwdn = xdn0(lh)

            IF ( lvh > 1 ) THEN ! variable density

              IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) > volmin ) THEN

                hwdn = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

              ENDIF

            ENDIF


              lam_h = factor_h *((hwdn*cx(mgs,lh))/(qx(mgs,lh)*rho0(mgs)))**(1./3.)

               t5(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*(alphah+3.)/lam_h

           ENDIF


         ELSE ! have hail, too, but do not have t6 array


           IF ( qx(mgs,lh) > max(qmin,qxmin(lh)) .and.  qx(mgs,lhl) < max(qmin,qxmin(lhl)) ) THEN

! Lambda for graupel

            hwdn = xdn0(lh)

            IF ( lvh > 1 ) THEN ! variable density

              IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) > volmin ) THEN

                hwdn = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

              ENDIF

            ENDIF


            lam_h = factor_h *((hwdn*cx(mgs,lh))/(qx(mgs,lh)*rho0(mgs)))**(1./3.)

            t5(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*(alphah+3.)/lam_h


           ELSEIF ( qx(mgs,lh) < max(qmin,qxmin(lh)) .and.  qx(mgs,lhl) > max(qmin,qxmin(lhl)) ) THEN

! Lambda for hail

            hldn = xdn0(lhl)

            IF ( lvhl > 1 ) THEN ! variable density

              IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) > volmin ) THEN

                hldn = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

              ENDIF

            ENDIF


            lam_hl = factor_hl *((hldn*cx(mgs,lhl))/(qx(mgs,lhl)*rho0(mgs)))**(1./3.)

            t5(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*(alphahl+3.)/lam_hl


           ELSEIF ( qx(mgs,lh) > max(qmin,qxmin(lh)) .and.  qx(mgs,lhl) > max(qmin,qxmin(lhl)) ) THEN

!  r_eff graupel and hail combined


            hldn = xdn0(lhl)

            IF ( lvhl > 1 ) THEN ! variable density

              IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) > volmin ) THEN

                hldn = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

              ENDIF

            ENDIF


            hwdn = xdn0(lh)

            IF ( lvh > 1 ) THEN ! variable density

              IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) > volmin ) THEN

                hwdn = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

              ENDIF

            ENDIF


            lam_h = factor_h *((hwdn*cx(mgs,lh))/(qx(mgs,lh)*rho0(mgs)))**(1./3.)

            lam_hl = factor_hl *((hldn*cx(mgs,lhl))/(qx(mgs,lhl)*rho0(mgs)))**(1./3.)


            numh = cx(mgs,lh)*(alphah+3.)*(alphah+2.)*(alphah+1.)/lam_h**3

            numhl = cx(mgs,lhl)*(alphahl+3.)*(alphahl+2.)*(alphahl+1.)/lam_hl**3


            denomh = cx(mgs,lh)*(alphah+2.)*(alphah+1.)/lam_h**2

            denomhl = cx(mgs,lhl)*(alphahl+2.)*(alphahl+1.)/lam_hl**2


            t5(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*(numh + numhl)/(denomh + denomhl)


           ENDIF ! no t6 array


          ENDIF ! lhl


         ENDIF ! flag_t5


         IF ( present(t6) .and. flag_t6 .and. lhl > 1 ) THEN


           IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) > max(qmin,qxmin(lhl)) ) THEN

! Lambda for hail

            hldn = xdn0(lhl)

            IF ( lvhl > 1 ) THEN ! variable density

              IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) > volmin ) THEN

                hldn = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

              ENDIF

            ENDIF


            lam_hl = factor_hl *((hldn*cx(mgs,lhl))/(qx(mgs,lhl)*rho0(mgs)))**(1./3.)

            t6(ix,jy,kz) = 0.5*(alphahl+3.)/lam_hl


           ENDIF


         ENDIF ! t6


       ENDDO ! ix

      ENDDO ! kz


   RETURN


   END SUBROUTINE calc_eff_radius


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


      SUBROUTINE qvexcess(ngs,mgs,qwvp0,qv0,qcw1,pres,thetap0,theta0, &

     &    qvex,pi0,tabqvs,nqsat,fqsat,cbw,fcqv1,felvcp,ss1,pk,ngscnt)


!#####################################################################

!  Purpose: find the amount of vapor that can be condensed to liquid

!#####################################################################


      implicit none


      integer ngs,mgs,ngscnt


      real theta2temp


      real qvex


      integer nqsat

      real fqsat, cbw


      real ss1  ! 'target' supersaturation

!

!  input arrays

!

      real qv0(ngs), qcw1(ngscnt), pres(ngs), qwvp0(mgs)

      real thetap0(ngs), theta0(ngs)

      real fcqv1(ngs), felvcp(ngs), pi0(ngs)

      real pk(ngs)


      real tabqvs(nqsat)

!

! Local stuff

!


      integer itertd

      integer ltemq

      real gamss, tmp

      real theta(ngs), qvap(ngs), pqs(ngs), qcw(ngs), qwv(ngs)

      real qcwtmp(ngs), qss(ngs), qvs(ngs), qwvp(ngs)

      real dqcw(ngs), dqwv(ngs), dqvcnd(ngs)

      real temg(ngs), temcg(ngs), thetap(ngs)


      real tfr

      parameter( tfr = 273.15 )


!      real poo,cap

!      parameter ( cap = rd/cp, poo = 1.0e+05 )

!

!

!  Modified Straka adjustment (nearly identical to Tao et al. 1989 MWR)

!

!

!

!  set up temperature and vapor arrays

!

      pqs(mgs) = (380.0)/(pres(mgs))

      thetap(mgs) = thetap0(mgs)

      theta(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + theta0(mgs)

      qwvp(mgs) = qwvp0(mgs)

      qvap(mgs) = max( (qwvp0(mgs) + qv0(mgs)), 0.0 )

      temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*pk(mgs) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

!      temg(mgs) = theta2temp( theta(mgs), pres(mgs) )

!

!

!

!  reset temporaries for cloud particles and vapor

!


      qwv(mgs) = max( 0.0, qvap(mgs) )

      qcw(mgs) = max( 0.0, qcw1(mgs) )

!

!

      qcwtmp(mgs) = qcw(mgs)

      temcg(mgs) = temg(mgs) - tfr

      ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

      ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        pqs(mgs) = (380.0)/(pres(mgs))

        qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF


      qss(mgs) = (0.01*ss1 + 1.0)*qvs(mgs)

!

!  iterate  adjustment

!

      do itertd = 1,2

!

!

!  calculate super-saturation

!

      dqcw(mgs) = 0.0

      dqwv(mgs) = ( qwv(mgs) - qss(mgs) )

!

!  evaporation and sublimation adjustment

!

      if( dqwv(mgs) .lt. 0. ) then           !  subsaturated

        if( qcw(mgs) .gt. -dqwv(mgs) ) then  ! check if qc can make up all of the deficit

          dqcw(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)

          dqwv(mgs) = 0.

        else                                 !  otherwise make all qc available for evap

          dqcw(mgs) = -qcw(mgs)

          dqwv(mgs) = dqwv(mgs) + qcw(mgs)

        end if

!

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - ( dqcw(mgs)  )  ! add to perturbation vapor

!

        qcw(mgs) = qcw(mgs) + dqcw(mgs)


        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) +  &

     &                1./pi0(mgs)*  &

     &                (felvcp(mgs)*dqcw(mgs) )


      end if  ! dqwv(mgs) .lt. 0. (end of evap/sublim)

!

! condensation/deposition

!

      IF ( dqwv(mgs) .ge. 0. ) THEN

!

      dqvcnd(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)/(1. + fcqv1(mgs)*qss(mgs)/  &

     &  ((temg(mgs)-cbw)**2))

!

!

      dqcw(mgs) = dqvcnd(mgs)

!

      thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) +  &

     &   (felvcp(mgs)*dqcw(mgs) )    &

     & / (pi0(mgs))

      qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - ( dqvcnd(mgs) )

      qcw(mgs) = qcw(mgs) + dqcw(mgs)

!

      END IF !  dqwv(mgs) .ge. 0.


      theta(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + theta0(mgs)

      temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*pk(mgs) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

!      temg(mgs) = theta2temp( theta(mgs), pres(mgs) )

      qvap(mgs) = max((qwvp(mgs) + qv0(mgs)), 0.0)

      temcg(mgs) = temg(mgs) - tfr

!      tqvcon = temg(mgs)-cbw

      ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

      ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )

      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF

      qcw(mgs) = max( 0.0, qcw(mgs) )

      qwv(mgs) = max( 0.0, qvap(mgs))

      qss(mgs) = (0.01*ss1 + 1.0)*qvs(mgs)

      end do

!

!  end the saturation adjustment iteration loop

!

!

      qvex = max(0.0, qcw(mgs) - qcw1(mgs) )


      RETURN

      END SUBROUTINE qvexcess


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


!

! ##############################################################################

!

      SUBROUTINE setvtz(ngscnt,qx,qxmin,qxw,cx,rho0,rhovt,xdia,cno,cnostmp, &

     &                 xmas,vtxbar,xdn,xvmn0,xvmx0,xv,cdx,cdxgs,            &

     &                 ipconc1,ndebug1,ngs,nz,igs,kgs,fadvisc,   &

     &                 cwmasn,cwmasx,cwradn,cnina,cimna,cimxa,      &

     &                 itype1a,itype2a,temcg,infdo,alpha,axx,bxx,ildo)

!     &                 itype1a,itype2a,temcg,infdo,alpha,ildo,axh,bxh,axhl,bxhl)


      implicit none


      integer ngscnt,ngs0,ngs,nz

!      integer infall    ! whether to calculate number-weighted fall speeds


      real xv(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real qx(ngs,lv:lhab)

      real qxw(ngs,ls:lhab)

      real cx(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real vtxbar(ngs,lc:lhab,3)

      real xmas(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real xdn(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real cdxgs(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real xdia(ngs,lc:lhab,3)

      real xvmn0(lc:lhab), xvmx0(lc:lhab)

      real qxmin(lc:lhab)

      real cdx(lc:lhab)

      real alpha(ngs,lc:lhab)


      real rho0(ngs),rhovt(ngs),temcg(ngs)

      real cno(lc:lhab)

      real cnostmp(ngs)


      real cwc1, cimna, cimxa

      real cnina(ngs)

      integer igs(ngs),kgs(ngs)

      real fadvisc(ngs)

      real fsw


      integer ipconc1

      integer ndebug1


      integer, intent (in) :: itype1a,itype2a,infdo

      integer, intent (in) :: ildo ! which species to do, or all if ildo=0


      real :: axx(ngs,lh:lhab),bxx(ngs,lh:lhab)

!!      real :: axh(ngs),bxh(ngs)

!      real :: axhl(ngs),bxhl(ngs)


! Local vars


      real swmasmx, dtmp

      real cd

      real cwc0 ! ,cwc1

      real :: cwch(ngscnt), cwchl(ngscnt)

      real :: cwchtmp,cwchltmp,xnutmp

      real pii

      real cimasx,cimasn

      real cwmasn,cwmasx,cwradn

      real cwrad

      real vr,rnux

      real alp


      real ccimx


      integer mgs


      real arx,frx,vtrain,fw

      real fwlo,fwhi,rfwdiff

      real ar,br,cs,ds

!      real gf4p5, gf4ds, gf4br, ifirst, gf1ds

!      real gfcinu1, gfcinu1p47, gfcinu2p47

      real gr

      real rwrad,rwdia

      real mwfac

      integer il


!      save gf4p5, gf4ds, gf4br, ifirst, gf1ds

!      save gfcinu1, gfcinu1p47, gfcinu2p47

!      data ifirst /0/


      real bta1,cnit

      parameter( bta1 = 0.6, cnit = 1.0e-02 )

      real x,y,tmp,del

      real aax,bbx,delrho

      integer :: indxr

      real mwt, nwt, zwt

      real, parameter :: rho00 = 1.225

      integer i

      real xvbarmax


      integer l1, l2


!

! set values

!

!      cwmasn = 5.23e-13  ! radius of 5.0e-6

!      cwradn = 5.0e-6

!      cwmasx = 5.25e-10  ! radius of 50.0e-6


      fwlo = 0.2                ! water fraction to start weighting toward rain fall speed

      fwhi = 0.4                ! water fraction at which rain fall speed only is used

      rfwdiff = 1./(fwhi - fwlo)


!      pi = 4.0*atan(1.0)

      pii = piinv ! 1.0/pi


      arx = 10.

      frx = 516.575 ! raind fit parameters for arx*(1 - Exp(-fx*d)), where d is rain diameter in meters.


      ar = 841.99666

      br = 0.8

      gr = 9.8

!  new values for  cs and ds

      cs = 12.42

      ds = 0.42


      IF ( ildo == 0 ) THEN

        l1 = lc

        l2 = lhab

      ELSE

        l1 = ildo

        l2 = ildo

      ENDIF


!      IF ( ifirst .eq. 0 ) THEN

!        ifirst = 1

!        gf4br = gamma(4.0+br)

!        gf4ds = gamma(4.0+ds)

!!        gf1ds = gamma(1.0+ds)

!        gf4p5 = gamma(4.0+0.5)

!        gfcinu1 = gamma(cinu + 1.0)

!        gfcinu1p47 = gamma(cinu + 1.47167)

!        gfcinu2p47 = gamma(cinu + 2.47167)


        IF ( lh  .gt. 1 ) THEN

          IF ( dmuh == 1.0 ) THEN

            cwchtmp = ((3. + dnu(lh))*(2. + dnu(lh))*(1.0 + dnu(lh)))**(-1./3.)

          ELSE

            cwchtmp = 6.0*pii*gamma_sp( (xnu(lh) + 1.)/xmu(lh) )/gamma_sp( (xnu(lh) + 2.)/xmu(lh) )

          ENDIF

        ENDIF

        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

          IF ( dmuhl == 1.0 ) THEN

            cwchltmp = ((3. + dnu(lhl))*(2. + dnu(lhl))*(1.0 + dnu(lhl)))**(-1./3.)

          ELSE

            cwchltmp = 6.0*pii*gamma_sp( (xnu(lhl) + 1)/xmu(lhl) )/gamma_sp( (xnu(lhl) + 2)/xmu(lhl) )

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( ipconc .le. 5 ) THEN

          IF ( lh  .gt. 1 ) cwch(:) =  cwchtmp

          IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) cwchl(:) = cwchltmp

        ELSE

          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


          IF ( lh  .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lh ) ) THEN

           IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN

            IF ( dmuh == 1.0 ) THEN

              cwch(mgs) = ((3. + alpha(mgs,lh))*(2. + alpha(mgs,lh))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,lh)))**(-1./3.)

             ELSE

             xnutmp = (alpha(mgs,lh) - 2.0)/3.0

             cwch(mgs) =  6.0*pii*gamma_sp( (xnutmp + 1.)/xmu(lh) )/gamma_sp( (xnutmp + 2.)/xmu(lh) )

            ENDIF

           ELSE

             cwch(mgs) = cwchtmp

           ENDIF

          ENDIF

          IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lhl ) ) THEN

           IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

            IF ( dmuhl == 1.0 ) THEN

              cwchl(mgs) = ((3. + alpha(mgs,lhl))*(2. + alpha(mgs,lhl))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,lhl)))**(-1./3.)

             ELSE

             xnutmp = (alpha(mgs,lhl) - 2.0)/3.0

             cwchl(mgs) = 6.0*pii*gamma_sp( (xnutmp + 1)/xmu(lhl) )/gamma_sp( (xnutmp + 2)/xmu(lhl) )

            ENDIF

           ELSE

             cwchl(mgs) = cwchltmp

           ENDIF

          ENDIF


          ENDDO


        ENDIF


      cimasn = min( cimas0, 6.88e-13)

      cimasx = 1.0e-8

      ccimx = 5000.0e3   ! max of 5000 per liter


      cwc1 = 6.0/(pi*1000.)

      cwc0 = pii ! 6.0*pii

      mwfac = 6.0**(1./3.)


      if (ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set scale diameter'

!


!

!  cloud water variables

! ################################################################

!

!  DROPLETS

!

!

      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set cloud water variables'


      IF ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lc ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      xv(mgs,lc) = 0.0


      IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) ) THEN !{


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

        IF ( cx(mgs,lc) .gt. cxmin) THEN !{

        xmas(mgs,lc) =  &

     &    min( max(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,lc),cwmasn),cwmasx )

        xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/xdn(mgs,lc)

        ELSE

         cx(mgs,lc) = max( cxmin, rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/cwmasx )

         xmas(mgs,lc) = min( max(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,lc),cwmasn),cwmasx )

         xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/xdn(mgs,lc)


        ENDIF

      ELSE

       IF ( ipconc .lt. 2 ) THEN

         cx(mgs,lc) = rho0(mgs)*ccn/rho00 ! scales to local density, relative to standard air density

       ENDIF

       IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.01 ) THEN !{

        xmas(mgs,lc) =  &

     &     min( max(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,lc),xdn(mgs,lc)*xvmn(lc)), &

     &      xdn(mgs,lc)*xvmx(lc) )


        xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/xdn(mgs,lc)

        cx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lc)


       ELSEIF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .le. 1.0e-9 ) THEN

        cx(mgs,lc) = max( cxmin, rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/cwmasx )

        xmas(mgs,lc) =  &

     &    min( max(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,lc),cwmasn),cwmasx )

        xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/xdn(mgs,lc)


       ELSEIF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .le. 0.01 ) THEN

        xmas(mgs,lc) = xdn(mgs,lc)*4.*pi/3.*(5.0e-6)**3

        cx(mgs,lc) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/xmas(mgs,lc)

        xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/xdn(mgs,lc)


       ELSE

        xmas(mgs,lc) = cwmasn

        xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/1000.

! do not define ccw here! it can feed back to ccn!!!    cx(mgs,lc) = 0.0 ! cwnc(mgs)

       ENDIF !}

      ENDIF !}

!      IF ( ipconc .lt. 2 ) THEN

!        xmas(mgs,lc) = &

!     &    min( max(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/cwnc(mgs),cwmasn),cwmasx )

!        cx(mgs,lc) = Max(1.0,qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lc))

!      ELSE

!        cwnc(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lnc)

!        cx(mgs,lc) = cwnc(mgs)

!      ENDIF

      xdia(mgs,lc,1) = (xmas(mgs,lc)*cwc1)**(1./3.)

      xdia(mgs,lc,2) = xdia(mgs,lc,1)**2

      xdia(mgs,lc,3) = xdia(mgs,lc,1)

      cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

      IF ( fadvisc(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

      vtxbar(mgs,lc,1) =  &

     &   (2.0*gr*xdn(mgs,lc) *(cwrad**2)) &

     &  /(9.0*fadvisc(mgs))

      ELSE

       vtxbar(mgs,lc,1) = 0.0

      ENDIF


      ELSE

       xmas(mgs,lc) = cwmasn

       xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/xdn(mgs,lc)

       IF ( qx(mgs,lc) <= 0.0 ) cx(mgs,lc) = 0.0

       IF ( ipconc .le. 1 ) cx(mgs,lc) = 0.01

       xdia(mgs,lc,1) = 2.*cwradn

       xdia(mgs,lc,2) = 4.*cwradn**2

       xdia(mgs,lc,3) = xdia(mgs,lc,1)

       vtxbar(mgs,lc,1) = 0.0


      ENDIF !} qcw .gt. qxmin(lc)


      end do


      ENDIF


!

! cloud ice variables

! columns

!

! ################################################################

!

!  CLOUD ICE

!

      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set cip'


      IF ( li .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == li ) ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

       xdn(mgs,li)  = 900.0

      IF ( ipconc .eq. 0 ) THEN

!       cx(mgs,li) = min(cnit*exp(-temcg(mgs)*bta1),1.e+09)

        cx(mgs,li) = cnina(mgs)

       IF ( cimna .gt. 1.0 ) THEN

         cx(mgs,li) = max(cimna,cx(mgs,li))

       ENDIF

       IF ( cimxa .gt. 1.0 ) THEN

         cx(mgs,li) = min(cimxa,cx(mgs,li))

       ENDIF

! erm 3/28/2002

       IF ( itype1a .ge. 1 .or. itype2a .ge. 1 ) THEN

        cx(mgs,li) = max(cx(mgs,li),qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)/cimasx)

        cx(mgs,li) = min(cx(mgs,li),qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)/cimasn)

       ENDIF

!

       cx(mgs,li) = max(1.0e-20,cx(mgs,li))

!       cx(mgs,li) = Min(ccimx, cx(mgs,li))


      ELSEIF ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) THEN

        IF ( qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

         cx(mgs,li) = max(cx(mgs,li),qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)/cimasx)

         cx(mgs,li) = min(cx(mgs,li),qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)/cimasn)

!         cx(mgs,li) = Max(1.0,cx(mgs,li))

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

      xmas(mgs,li) = &

     &     max( qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,li), cimasn )

!     &  min( max(qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,li),cimasn),cimasx )


!      if ( temcg(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) then

!      xdia(mgs,li,1) = 0.0

!      else

      if ( xmas(mgs,li) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN ! cimasn ) then

!c      xdia(mgs,li,1) = 0.4892*(xmas(mgs,li)**(0.4554))

!       xdia(mgs,li,1) = 0.1871*(xmas(mgs,li)**(0.3429))


!       xdia(mgs,li,1) = (132.694*5.40662/xmas(mgs,li))**(-1./2.9163)  ! for inverse exponential distribution

       IF ( ixtaltype == 1 ) THEN ! column

       xdia(mgs,li,1) = 0.1871*(xmas(mgs,li)**(0.3429))

       xdia(mgs,li,3) = 0.1871*(xmas(mgs,li)**(0.3429))

       ELSEIF  ( ixtaltype == 2 ) THEN ! disk

        xdia(mgs,li,1) = 0.277823*xmas(mgs,li)**0.359971

        xdia(mgs,li,3) = 0.277823*xmas(mgs,li)**0.359971

       ENDIF

      end if

!      end if

!      xdia(mgs,li,1) = max(xdia(mgs,li,1), 5.e-6)

!      xdia(mgs,li,1) = min(xdia(mgs,li,1), 1000.e-6)


       IF ( ipconc .ge. 0 ) THEN

!      vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = rhovt(mgs)*49420.*40.0005/5.40662*xdia(mgs,li,1)**(1.415) ! mass-weighted

!      vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = (4.942e4)*(xdia(mgs,li,1)**(1.4150))

        xv(mgs,li) = xmas(mgs,li)/xdn(mgs,li)

        IF ( icefallopt == 1 ) THEN ! default ice fall

          IF ( ixtaltype == 1 ) THEN ! column

          tmp = (67056.6300748612*rhovt(mgs))/  &

     &     (((1.0 + cinu)/xv(mgs,li))**0.4716666666666667*gfcinu1)

          vtxbar(mgs,li,2) = tmp*gfcinu1p47

          vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = tmp*gfcinu2p47/(1. + cinu)

          vtxbar(mgs,li,3) = vtxbar(mgs,li,1)

        ELSEIF  ( ixtaltype == 2 ) THEN ! disk -- but just use Ferrier (1994) snow fall speeds for now

            vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = 11.9495*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,li))**(0.14)

            vtxbar(mgs,li,2) = 7.02909*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,li))**(0.14)

           vtxbar(mgs,li,3) = vtxbar(mgs,li,1)


          ENDIF


       ELSEIF ( icefallopt == 2 ) THEN !   ! Ferrier ice fall speed

          tmp = (82.3166*rhovt(mgs))/  &

     &     (((1.0 + cinu)/xv(mgs,li))**0.22117*gfcinu1)

          vtxbar(mgs,li,2) = tmp*gfcinu1p22

          vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = tmp*gfcinu2p22/(1. + cinu)

          vtxbar(mgs,li,3) = vtxbar(mgs,li,1)


       ELSEIF ( icefallopt == 3 ) THEN !   ! Adjusted Ferrier (smaller exponent of 0.55 instead of 0.6635)


          tmp = (47.6273*rhovt(mgs))/  &

     &     (((1.0 + cinu)/xv(mgs,li))**0.18333*gfcinu1)

          vtxbar(mgs,li,2) = tmp*gfcinu1p18

          vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = tmp*gfcinu2p18/(1. + cinu)

          vtxbar(mgs,li,3) = vtxbar(mgs,li,1)


       ENDIF

!      vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = vtxbar(mgs,li,2)*(1.+cinu)/(1. + cinu)

!      xdn(mgs,li)   = min(max(769.8*xdia(mgs,li,1)**(-0.0140),300.0),900.0)

!      xdn(mgs,li) = 900.0

        xdia(mgs,li,2) = xdia(mgs,li,1)**2

!      vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = vtxbar(mgs,li,1)*rhovt(mgs)

       ELSE

         xdia(mgs,li,1) = max(xdia(mgs,li,1), 10.e-6)

         xdia(mgs,li,1) = min(xdia(mgs,li,1), 1000.e-6)

         vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = (4.942e4)*(xdia(mgs,li,1)**(1.4150))

!      xdn(mgs,li)   = min(max(769.8*xdia(mgs,li,1)**(-0.0140),300.0),900.0)

         xdn(mgs,li) = 900.0

         xdia(mgs,li,2) = xdia(mgs,li,1)**2

         vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = vtxbar(mgs,li,1)*rhovt(mgs)

         xv(mgs,li) = xmas(mgs,li)/xdn(mgs,li)

       ENDIF ! ipconc gt 3

      ELSE

       xmas(mgs,li) = 1.e-13

       IF ( qx(mgs,li) <= 0.0 ) cx(mgs,li) = 0.0

       xdn(mgs,li)  = 900.0

       xdia(mgs,li,1) = 1.e-7

       xdia(mgs,li,2) = (1.e-14)

       xdia(mgs,li,3) = 1.e-7

       vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = 0.0

!       cicap(mgs) = 0.0

!       ciat(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF


      IF ( icefallfac /= 1.0 ) THEN

        vtxbar(mgs,li,1) = icefallfac*vtxbar(mgs,li,1)

        vtxbar(mgs,li,2) = icefallfac*vtxbar(mgs,li,2)

        vtxbar(mgs,li,3) = icefallfac*vtxbar(mgs,li,3)

      ENDIF


      end do


      ENDIF ! li .gt. 1


! ################################################################

!

!  RAIN

!


!

      IF ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lr ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) then


!      IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. 10.0e-3 ) &

!     &  write(0,*)  'RAIN1: ',igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),qx(mgs,lr)


      if ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) then

        xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*max(1.0e-11,cx(mgs,lr)))

        xvbarmax = xvmx(lr)

        IF ( imaxdiaopt == 1 ) THEN

          xvbarmax = xvmx(lr)

        ELSEIF ( imaxdiaopt == 2 ) THEN ! test against maximum mass diameter

         IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

           xvbarmax = xvmx(lr)/((3. + alpha(mgs,lr))**3/((3. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(2. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(1. + alpha(mgs,lr))))

         ELSEIF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN


         ENDIF

        ELSEIF ( imaxdiaopt == 3 ) THEN ! test against mass-weighted diameter

         IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

           xvbarmax = xvmx(lr)/((4. + alpha(mgs,lr))**3/((3. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(2. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(1. + alpha(mgs,lr))))

         ELSEIF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN


         ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( xv(mgs,lr) .gt. xvbarmax ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lr) = xvbarmax

          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvbarmax*xdn(mgs,lr))

        ELSEIF ( xv(mgs,lr) .lt. xvmn(lr) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmn(lr)

          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmn(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

        ENDIF


        xmas(mgs,lr) = xv(mgs,lr)*xdn(mgs,lr)

        xdia(mgs,lr,3) = (xmas(mgs,lr)*cwc1)**(1./3.) ! xdia(mgs,lr,1)

        IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

!          xdia(mgs,lr,1) = (6.*pii*xv(mgs,lr)/(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.))**(1./3.)

          xdia(mgs,lr,1) = xdia(mgs,lr,3) ! formulae for Ziegler (1985) use mean volume diameter, not lambda**(-1)

        ELSE ! imurain == 1, Characteristic diameter (1/lambda)

          xdia(mgs,lr,1) = (6.*pii*xv(mgs,lr)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+3.)*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.)*(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.)))**(1./3.)

        ENDIF

!        rwrad(mgs) = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,1)


! Inverse exponential version:

!        xdia(mgs,lr,1) =

!     &  (qx(mgs,lr)*rho0(mgs)

!     & /(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr)))**(0.333333)

      ELSE

        xdia(mgs,lr,1) = &

     &  (qx(mgs,lr)*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)*cno(lr)))**(0.25)

        xmas(mgs,lr) = xdn(mgs,lr)*(pi/6.)*xdia(mgs,lr,1)**3

        xdia(mgs,lr,3) = (xmas(mgs,lr)*cwc1)**(1./3.)

        cx(mgs,lr) = cno(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,1)

        xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr))

      end if

      else

        xdia(mgs,lr,1) = 1.e-9

        xdia(mgs,lr,3) = 1.e-9

        xmas(mgs,lr) = xdn(mgs,lr)*(pi/6.)*xdia(mgs,lr,1)**3

!        rwrad(mgs) = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,1)

      end if

      xdia(mgs,lr,2) = xdia(mgs,lr,1)**2

!      xmas(mgs,lr) = xdn(mgs,lr)*(pi/6.)*xdia(mgs,lr,1)**3

      end do


      ENDIF

! ################################################################

!

!  SNOW

!


      IF ( ls .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == ls ) ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( qx(mgs,ls) .gt. qxmin(ls) ) then

      if ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) then !


        xmas(mgs,ls) =  rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/(max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,ls)))

        swmasmx = 13.7e-6

!       IF ( xmas(mgs,ls) > swmasmx ) THEN

!          xmas(mgs,ls) = swmasmx

!          cx(mgs,ls) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/(xmas(mgs,ls))

!        ENDIF


        IF ( isnowdens == 2 ) THEN ! Set values according to Cox relationship


          xdn(mgs,ls) = 0.0346159*sqrt(cx(mgs,ls)/(qx(mgs,ls)*rho0(mgs)) )

          xdn(mgs,ls) = max( 100.0, xdn(mgs,ls) )  ! limit snow to 100. to keep other equations in line


          IF ( xdn(mgs,ls) <= 900. ) THEN

             dtmp = sqrt( xmas(mgs,ls)/0.069 ) ! diameter (meters) of mean mass particle using Cox 1998 relation (m = p d^2)

             xv(mgs,ls) = 28.8887*xmas(mgs,ls)**(3./2.)

          ELSE ! at small sizes, assume ice spheres

             xdn(mgs,ls) = 900.

             xv(mgs,ls) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/(xdn(mgs,ls)*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,ls)))

             dtmp = (xv(mgs,ls)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)

          ENDIF


        ELSE ! leave xdn(ls) at default value

             xv(mgs,ls) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/(xdn(mgs,ls)*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,ls)))

             dtmp = (xv(mgs,ls)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)

        ENDIF


        xdia(mgs,ls,1) = dtmp ! (xv(mgs,ls)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)


        IF ( xv(mgs,ls) .lt. xvmn(ls) .and. isnowdens == 1) THEN

          xv(mgs,ls) = max( xvmn(ls),xv(mgs,ls) )

          xmas(mgs,ls) = xv(mgs,ls)*xdn(mgs,ls)

          cx(mgs,ls) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/(xmas(mgs,ls))

          xdia(mgs,ls,1) = (xv(mgs,ls)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)

        ENDIF


        IF ( xv(mgs,ls) .gt. xvmx(ls)*max(1.,100./min(100.,xdn(mgs,ls))) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,ls) = min( xvmx(ls), max( xvmn(ls),xv(mgs,ls) ) )

          xmas(mgs,ls) = 0.106214*xv(mgs,ls)**(2./3.)

          cx(mgs,ls) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/(xmas(mgs,ls))

          xdn(mgs,ls) = 0.0346159*sqrt(cx(mgs,ls)/(qx(mgs,ls)*rho0(mgs)) )

          xdia(mgs,ls,1) = sqrt( xmas(mgs,ls)/0.069 )

        ENDIF


        xdia(mgs,ls,3) = xdia(mgs,ls,1)


      ELSE

        xdia(mgs,ls,1) =  &

     &    (qx(mgs,ls)*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,ls)*cnostmp(mgs)))**(0.25)

        cx(mgs,ls) = cnostmp(mgs)*xdia(mgs,ls,1)

        xv(mgs,ls) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/(xdn(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,ls))

        xdia(mgs,ls,3) = (xv(mgs,ls)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)

      end if

      else

      xdia(mgs,ls,1) = 1.e-9

      xdia(mgs,ls,3) = 1.e-9

      cx(mgs,ls) = 0.0


       IF ( isnowdens == 2 ) THEN ! Set values according to Cox relationship

         xdn(mgs,ls) = 90.

       ENDIF


      end if

      xdia(mgs,ls,2) = xdia(mgs,ls,1)**2

!      swdia3(mgs) = xdia(mgs,ls,2)*xdia(mgs,ls,1)

!      xmas(mgs,ls) = xdn(mgs,ls)*(pi/6.)*swdia3(mgs)

      end do


      ENDIF ! ls .gt 1

!

!

! ################################################################

!

!  GRAUPEL

!


      IF ( lh .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lh ) ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) then

      if ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) then


        xv(mgs,lh) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,lh)))

        xmas(mgs,lh) = xv(mgs,lh)*xdn(mgs,lh)


        IF ( xv(mgs,lh) .lt. xvmn(lh) .or. xv(mgs,lh) .gt. xvmx(lh) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lh) = min( xvmx(lh), max( xvmn(lh),xv(mgs,lh) ) )

          xmas(mgs,lh) = xv(mgs,lh)*xdn(mgs,lh)

          cx(mgs,lh) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/(xmas(mgs,lh))

        ENDIF


         xdia(mgs,lh,3) = (xv(mgs,lh)*6.*pii)**(1./3.) ! mwfac*xdia(mgs,lh,1) ! (xv(mgs,lh)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)

         IF ( dmuh == 1.0 ) THEN

           xdia(mgs,lh,1) = cwch(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)

         ELSE

           xdia(mgs,lh,1) = (xv(mgs,lh)*cwch(mgs))**(1./3.)

         ENDIF


      ELSE

      xdia(mgs,lh,1) =  &

     &  (qx(mgs,lh)*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)*cno(lh)))**(0.25)

      cx(mgs,lh) = cno(lh)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

      xv(mgs,lh) = max(xvmn(lh), rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*cx(mgs,lh)) )

      xdia(mgs,lh,3) = (xv(mgs,lh)*6./pi)**(1./3.)

      end if

      else

      xdia(mgs,lh,1) = 1.e-9

      xdia(mgs,lh,3) = 1.e-9

      end if

      xdia(mgs,lh,2) = xdia(mgs,lh,1)**2

!      hwdia3(mgs) = xdia(mgs,lh,2)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

!      xmas(mgs,lh) = xdn(mgs,lh)*(pi/6.)*hwdia3(mgs)

      end do


      ENDIF


!

! ################################################################

!

!  HAIL

!


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lhl ) ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) then

      if ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) then


        xv(mgs,lhl) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/(xdn(mgs,lhl)*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,lhl)))

        xmas(mgs,lhl) = xv(mgs,lhl)*xdn(mgs,lhl)

!        write(0,*) 'setvt: xv = ',xv(mgs,lhl),xdn(mgs,lhl),cx(mgs,lhl),xmas(mgs,lhl),qx(mgs,lhl)


        IF ( xv(mgs,lhl) .lt. xvmn(lhl) .or. xv(mgs,lhl) .gt. xvmx(lhl) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lhl) = min( xvmx(lhl), max( xvmn(lhl),xv(mgs,lhl) ) )

          xmas(mgs,lhl) = xv(mgs,lhl)*xdn(mgs,lhl)

          cx(mgs,lhl) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/(xmas(mgs,lhl))

        ENDIF


        xdia(mgs,lhl,3) = (xv(mgs,lhl)*6./pi)**(1./3.) ! mwfac*xdia(mgs,lh,1) ! (xv(mgs,lh)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)

         IF ( dmuhl == 1.0 ) THEN

           xdia(mgs,lhl,1) = cwchl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)

         ELSE

           xdia(mgs,lhl,1) = (xv(mgs,lhl)*cwchl(mgs))**(1./3.)

         ENDIF


!        write(0,*) 'setvt: xv = ',xv(mgs,lhl),xdn(mgs,lhl),cx(mgs,lhl),xdia(mgs,lhl,3)

      ELSE

      xdia(mgs,lhl,1) = &

     &  (qx(mgs,lhl)*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)*cno(lhl)))**(0.25)

      cx(mgs,lhl) = cno(lhl)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)

      xv(mgs,lhl) = max(xvmn(lhl), rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/(xdn(mgs,lhl)*cx(mgs,lhl)) )

      xdia(mgs,lhl,3) = (xv(mgs,lhl)*6./pi)**(1./3.)

      end if

      else

      xdia(mgs,lhl,1) = 1.e-9

      xdia(mgs,lhl,3) = 1.e-9

      end if

      xdia(mgs,lhl,2) = xdia(mgs,lhl,1)**2

!      hwdia3(mgs) = xdia(mgs,lh,2)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

!      xmas(mgs,lh) = xdn(mgs,lh)*(pi/6.)*hwdia3(mgs)

      end do


      ENDIF

!

!

!

!  Set terminal velocities...

!    also set drag coefficients (moved to start of subroutine)

!

!      cdx(lr) = 0.60

!      cdx(lh) = 0.45

!      cdx(lhl) = 0.45

!      cdx(lf) = 0.45

!      cdx(lgh) = 0.60

!      cdx(lgm) = 0.80

!      cdx(lgl) = 0.80

!      cdx(lir) = 2.00

!

      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set terminal velocities'

!

!

! ################################################################

!

!  RAIN

!

      IF ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lr ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) then

      IF ( ipconc .lt. 3 ) THEN

        vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) = rainfallfac*(ar*gf4br/6.0)*(xdia(mgs,lr,1)**br)*rhovt(mgs)

!        write(91,*) 'vtxbar: ',vtxbar(mgs,lr,1),mgs,gf4br,xdia(mgs,lr,1),rhovt(mgs)

      ELSE


        IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN ! DSD of Diameter


        ! using functional form of  arx*(1 - Exp(-frx*diameter) ), with arx =       arx = 10.

        !  and frx = 516.575 ! raind fit parameters for arx*(1 - Exp(-fx*d)), where d is rain diameter in meters.

        ! Similar form as in Atlas et al. (1973), who had 9.65 - 10.3*Exp[-600 * d]


          alp = alpha(mgs,lr)


          vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) = rhovt(mgs)*arx*(1.0 - (1.0 + frx*xdia(mgs,lr,1))**(-alp - 4.0) ) ! mass weighted


          IF ( infdo .ge. 1 .and. rssflg == 1 ) THEN

            vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = rhovt(mgs)*arx*(1.0 - (1.0 + frx*xdia(mgs,lr,1))**(-alp - 1.0) ) ! number weighted

          ELSE

            vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)

          ENDIF


          IF ( infdo .ge. 2 .and. rssflg == 1 ) THEN

            vtxbar(mgs,lr,3) = rhovt(mgs)*arx*(1.0 - (1.0 + frx*xdia(mgs,lr,1))**(-alp - 7.0) ) ! z-weighted

          ELSE

            vtxbar(mgs,lr,3) = vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)

          ENDIF


!          write(91,*) 'setvt: alp,vn,vm,vz = ',alp,vtxbar(mgs,lr,2), vtxbar(mgs,lr,1), vtxbar(mgs,lr,3),alpha(mgs,lr)


        ELSEIF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN ! DSD of Volume


        IF ( lzr < 1 ) THEN ! not 3-moment rain

        rwdia = min( xdia(mgs,lr,1), 8.0e-3 )


         vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) = rhovt(mgs)*6.0*pii*( 0.04771 + 3788.0*rwdia -  &

     &        1.105e6*rwdia**2 + 1.412e8*rwdia**3 - 6.527e9*rwdia**4)


        IF ( infdo .ge. 1 ) THEN

          IF (  rssflg >= 1 ) THEN

         vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = (0.09112 + 2714.0*rwdia - 4.872e5*rwdia**2 +  &

     &            4.495e7*rwdia**3 - 1.626e9*rwdia**4)*rhovt(mgs)

          ELSE

            vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( infdo .ge. 2 ) THEN ! Z-weighted fall speed

        vtxbar(mgs,lr,3)  = rhovt(mgs)*(  &

     &       0.0911229 +                  &

     &  9246.494*(rwdia) -               &

     &  3.2839926e6*(rwdia**2) +          &

     &  4.944093e8*(rwdia**3) -          &

     &  2.631718e10*(rwdia**4) )

        ENDIF


        ELSE ! 3-moment rain, gamma-volume


        vr = xv(mgs,lr)

        rnux = alpha(mgs,lr)


        IF ( infdo .ge. 1 .and. rssflg == 1) THEN ! number-weighted; DTD: added size-sorting flag

        vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = rhovt(mgs)*                             &

     &     (((1. + rnux)/vr)**(-1.333333)*                         &

     &    (0.0911229*((1. + rnux)/vr)**1.333333*gamma_sp(1. + rnux) + &

     &      (5430.3131*(1. + rnux)*gamma_sp(4./3. + rnux))/           &

     &       vr - 1.0732802e6*((1. + rnux)/vr)**0.6666667*         &

     &       gamma_sp(1.666667 + rnux) +                              &

     &      8.584110982429507e7*((1. + rnux)/vr)**(1./3.)*         &

     &       gamma_sp(2. + rnux) -                                    &

     &      2.3303765697228556e9*gamma_sp(7./3. + rnux)))/            &

     &  gamma_sp(1. + rnux)

        ENDIF


!  mass-weighted

       vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)  = rhovt(mgs)*                                                 &

     &   (0.0911229*(1 + rnux)**1.3333333333333333*gamma_sp(2. + rnux) +                  &

     &    5430.313059683277*(1 + rnux)*vr**0.3333333333333333*                         &

     &     gamma_sp(2.333333333333333 + rnux) -                                           &

     &    1.0732802065650471e6*(1 + rnux)**0.6666666666666666*vr**0.6666666666666666*  &

     &     gamma_sp(2.6666666666666667 + rnux) +                                          &

     &    8.584110982429507e7*(1 + rnux)**0.3333333333333333*vr*gamma_sp(3 + rnux) -      &

     &    2.3303765697228556e9*vr**1.3333333333333333*                                 &

     &     gamma_sp(3.333333333333333 + rnux))/                                           &

     &  ((1 + rnux)**2.333333333333333*gamma_sp(1 + rnux))


        IF(infdo .ge. 1 .and. rssflg == 0) THEN ! No size-sorting, set N-weighted fall speed to mass-weighted

          vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)

        ENDIF


        IF ( infdo .ge. 2 .and. rssflg == 1) THEN ! Z-weighted fall speed

        vtxbar(mgs,lr,3)  =   rhovt(mgs)*                                          &

     &  ((1. + rnux)*(0.0911229*(1 + rnux)**1.3333333333333333*gamma_sp(3. + rnux) +  &

     &      5430.313059683277*(1 + rnux)*vr**0.3333333333333333*                   &

     &       gamma_sp(3.3333333333333335 + rnux) -                                    &

     &      1.0732802065650471e6*(1 + rnux)**0.6666666666666666*                   &

     &       vr**0.6666666666666666*gamma_sp(3.6666666666666665 + rnux) +             &

     &      8.5841109824295e7*(1 + rnux)**0.3333333333333333*vr*gamma_sp(4. + rnux) - &

     &      2.3303765697228556e9*vr**1.3333333333333333*                           &

     &       gamma_sp(4.333333333333333 + rnux)))/                                    &

     &  ((1 + rnux)**3.3333333333333335*(2 + rnux)*gamma_sp(1 + rnux))


!         write(0,*) 'setvt: mgs,lzr,infdo = ',mgs,lzr,infdo

!         write(0,*) 'vt1,2,3 = ',vtxbar(mgs,lr,1),vtxbar(mgs,lr,2),vtxbar(mgs,lr,3)


        ELSEIF (infdo .ge. 2) THEN ! No size-sorting, set Z-weighted fall speed to mass-weighted

          vtxbar(mgs,lr,3) = vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)

        ENDIF


        ENDIF

       ENDIF ! imurain


!        IF ( rwrad*mwfac .gt. 6.0e-4  ) THEN

!          vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) = 20.1*Sqrt(100.*rwrad*mwfac)*rhovt(mgs)

!        ELSE

!          vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) = 80.0e2*rwrad*rhovt(mgs)*mwfac

!        ENDIF

!        IF ( rwrad .gt. 6.0e-4  ) THEN

!          vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = 20.1*Sqrt(100.*rwrad)*rhovt(mgs)

!        ELSE

!          vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = 80.0e2*rwrad*rhovt(mgs)

!        ENDIF

      ENDIF ! ipconc

      else  ! qr < qrmin

      vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) = 0.0

      vtxbar(mgs,lr,2) = 0.0

      end if

      end do

      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set rain vt'


      ENDIF

!

! ################################################################

!

!  SNOW !Zrnic et al. (1993)

!

      IF ( ls .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == ls ) ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( qx(mgs,ls) .gt. qxmin(ls) ) then

        IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN

         if ( mixedphase .and. qsvtmod ) then

         else

          IF ( isnowfall == 1 ) THEN

           ! original (Zrnic et al. 1993)

           vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) = 5.72462*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,ls))**(1./12.)

          ELSEIF ( isnowfall == 2 ) THEN

          ! Ferrier:

            IF ( isnowdens == 1 ) THEN

              vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) = 11.9495*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,ls))**(0.14)

            ELSE

              vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) = 11.9495*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,ls)*xdn(mgs,ls)/100.)**(0.14)

            ENDIF

          ELSEIF ( isnowfall == 3 ) THEN

          ! Cox, mass distrib:

            vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) = 50.092*rhovt(mgs)*(xmas(mgs,ls))**(0.2635)

          ENDIF


          IF(abs(sssflg) >= 1) THEN

            IF ( isnowfall == 1 ) THEN

              vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = 4.04091*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,ls))**(1./12.)

            ELSEIF ( isnowfall == 2 ) THEN

            ! Ferrier:

              IF ( isnowdens == 1 ) THEN

                vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = 7.02909*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,ls))**(0.14)  ! bug fix 11/15/2015: was rewriting to mass fall speed vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

              ELSE

                vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = 7.02909*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,ls)*xdn(mgs,ls)/100.)**(0.14)  ! bug fix 11/15/2015: was rewriting to mass fall speed vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

              ENDIF

            ELSEIF ( isnowfall == 3 ) THEN

            ! Cox, mass distrib:

              vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = 21.6147*rhovt(mgs)*(xmas(mgs,ls))**(0.2635)

            ENDIF

          ELSE

            vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

          ENDIF

           IF ( infdo  >= 2 ) THEN

            IF ( isnowfall == 1 ) THEN

             vtxbar(mgs,ls,3) = 6.12217*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,ls))**(1./12.) ! Zrnic et al 93

            ELSEIF ( isnowfall == 2 ) THEN

             vtxbar(mgs,ls,3) = 13.3436*rhovt(mgs)*(xv(mgs,ls))**(0.14)   ! Ferrier 94

            ELSEIF ( isnowfall == 3 ) THEN

            ! Cox, mass distrib:

              vtxbar(mgs,ls,3) = 61.0914*rhovt(mgs)*(xmas(mgs,ls))**(0.2635)

            ENDIF

           ENDIF


         IF ( sssflg < 0 .and. temcg(mgs) > abs(sssflg) ) THEN ! above a given temperature, effectively turn off size sorting

            vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

            vtxbar(mgs,ls,3) = vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

         ENDIF


         endif

        ELSE ! single-moment:

         vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) = (cs*gf4ds/6.0)*(xdia(mgs,ls,1)**ds)*rhovt(mgs)

         vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

        ENDIF

      else

      vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) = 0.0

      end if


      IF ( snowfallfac /= 1.0 ) THEN

        vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) = snowfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

        vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = snowfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,ls,2)

        vtxbar(mgs,ls,3) = snowfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,ls,3)

      ENDIF


      end do

      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set snow vt'


      ENDIF ! ls .gt. 1

!

!

! ################################################################

!

!  GRAUPEL !Wisner et al. (1972)

!

      IF ( lh .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lh ) ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) = 0.0

      if ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) then

         cd = cdx(lh)

        IF ( icdx .eq. 1 ) THEN

         cd = cdx(lh)

       ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 2 ) THEN

!         cd = Max(0.6, Min(1.0, 0.6 + 0.4*(xdnmx(lh) - xdn(mgs,lh))/(xdnmx(lh)-xdnmn(lh)) ) )

!         cd = Max(0.6, Min(1.0, 0.6 + 0.4*(900.0 - xdn(mgs,lh))/(900. - 300.) ) )

         cd = max(0.45, min(1.0, 0.45 + 0.35*(800.0 - max( 500., min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 500.) ) )

!         cd = Max(0.55, Min(1.0, 0.55 + 0.25*(800.0 - Max( 500., Min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 500.) ) )

       ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 3 ) THEN

!         cd = Max(0.45, Min(1.0, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - Max( 300., Min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 300.) ) )

         cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hdnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )

       ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 4 ) THEN

         cd = max(cdhmin, min(cdhmax, cdhmin + (cdhmax-cdhmin)* &

     &        (cdhdnmax - max( cdhdnmin, min( cdhdnmax, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(cdhdnmax - cdhdnmin) ) )

       ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 5 ) THEN

         cd = cdx(lh)*(xdn(mgs,lh)/rho_qh)**(2./3.)

       ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 6 ) THEN ! Milbrandt and Morrison (2013)

         indxr = int( (xdn(mgs,lh)-50.)/100. ) + 1

         indxr = min( ngdnmm, max(1,indxr) )


         delrho = max( 0.0, 0.01*(xdn(mgs,lh) - mmgraupvt(indxr,1)) )

         IF ( indxr < ngdnmm ) THEN


          axx(mgs,lh) = mmgraupvt(indxr,2) + delrho*(mmgraupvt(indxr+1,2) - mmgraupvt(indxr,2) )

          bxx(mgs,lh) = mmgraupvt(indxr,3) + delrho*(mmgraupvt(indxr+1,3) - mmgraupvt(indxr,3) )


         ELSE

          axx(mgs,lh) = mmgraupvt(indxr,2)

          bxx(mgs,lh) = mmgraupvt(indxr,3)

         ENDIF


         aax = axx(mgs,lh)

         bbx = bxx(mgs,lh)


         cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hdnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )


       ELSEIF ( icdx <= 0 ) THEN !

         aax = ax(lh)

         bbx = bx(lh)

          cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hdnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )

       ELSE

         cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hdnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )

       ENDIF


       cdxgs(mgs,lh) = cd

      IF ( alpha(mgs,lh) .eq. 0.0 .and. icdx > 0 .and. icdx /= 6 ) THEN

!      axx(mgs,lh) =  (gf4p5/6.0)*  &

!     &  Sqrt( (xdn(mgs,lh)*4.0*gr) /  &

!     &    (3.0*cd*rho0(mgs)) )

      axx(mgs,lh) = sqrt(4.0*xdn(mgs,lh)*gr/(3.0*cd*rho00))

      bxx(mgs,lh) = 0.5

      vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) = (gf4p5/6.0)* rhovt(mgs)*axx(mgs,lh) * sqrt(xdia(mgs,lh,1))

!      vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) = (gf4p5/6.0)*  &

!     &  Sqrt( (xdn(mgs,lh)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)*4.0*gr) /  &

!     &    (3.0*cd*rho0(mgs)) )

      ELSE

        IF ( icdx /= 6 ) bbx = bx(lh)

        tmp = 4. + alpha(mgs,lh) + bbx

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = 4. + alpha(mgs,lh)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


!        aax = Max( 1.0, Min(2.0, (xdn(mgs,lh)/400.) ) )

!        vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax*ax(lh)*(xdia(mgs,lh,1)**bx(lh)*x)/y


        IF ( icdx > 0 .and. icdx /= 6) THEN

          aax = sqrt(4.0*xdn(mgs,lh)*gr/(3.0*cd*rho00))

          vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax* sqrt(xdia(mgs,lh,1)) * x/y

          axx(mgs,lh) = aax

          bxx(mgs,lh) = bbx

        ELSEIF (icdx == 6 ) THEN

          vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax* xdia(mgs,lh,1)**bbx * x/y

        ELSE ! icdx < 0

          axx(mgs,lh) = ax(lh)

          bxx(mgs,lh) = bx(lh)

          vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) =  rhovt(mgs)*ax(lh)*(xdia(mgs,lh,1)**bx(lh)*x)/y

        ENDIF


!     &    Gamma_sp(4.0 + dnu(lh) + 0.6))/Gamma_sp(4. + dnu(lh))

      ENDIF


      IF ( lwsm6 .and. ipconc == 0 ) THEN

!         vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) = (330.*gf4ds/6.0)*(xdia(mgs,ls,1)**ds)*rhovt(mgs)

         vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) = (330.*gf4br/6.0)*(xdia(mgs,lh,1)**br)*rhovt(mgs)

      ENDIF


      end if

      end do

      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set hail vt'


      ENDIF ! lh .gt. 1

!

!

! ################################################################

!

!  HAIL

!

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lhl ) ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) = 0.0

      if ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) then


       IF ( icdxhl .eq. 1 ) THEN

         cd = cdx(lhl)

       ELSEIF ( icdxhl .eq. 3 ) THEN

!         cd = Max(0.45, Min(1.0, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - Max( 300., Min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(800. - 300.) ) )

         cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hldnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )

       ELSEIF ( icdxhl .eq. 4 ) THEN

         cd = max(cdhlmin, min(cdhlmax, cdhlmin + (cdhlmax-cdhlmin)*  &

     &       (cdhldnmax - max( cdhldnmin, min( cdhldnmax, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(cdhldnmax - cdhldnmin) ) )

       ELSEIF ( icdxhl .eq. 5 ) THEN

         cd = cdx(lh)*(xdn(mgs,lhl)/rho_qh)**(2./3.)

       ELSEIF ( icdxhl .eq. 6 ) THEN ! Milbrandt and Morrison (2013)

         indxr = int( (xdn(mgs,lhl)-50.)/100. ) + 1

         indxr = min( ngdnmm, max(1,indxr) )


         delrho = max( 0.0, 0.01*(xdn(mgs,lhl) - mmgraupvt(indxr,1)) )

         IF ( indxr < ngdnmm ) THEN


          axx(mgs,lhl) = mmgraupvt(indxr,2) + delrho*(mmgraupvt(indxr+1,2) - mmgraupvt(indxr,2) )

          bxx(mgs,lhl) = mmgraupvt(indxr,3) + delrho*(mmgraupvt(indxr+1,3) - mmgraupvt(indxr,3) )


         ELSE

          axx(mgs,lhl) = mmgraupvt(indxr,2)

          bxx(mgs,lhl) = mmgraupvt(indxr,3)

         ENDIF


         aax = axx(mgs,lhl)

         bbx = bxx(mgs,lhl)


         cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hldnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )


       ELSE

!         cd = Max(0.6, Min(1.0, 0.6 + 0.4*(900.0 - xdn(mgs,lhl))/(900. - 300.) ) )

!        cd = Max(0.5, Min(0.8, 0.5 + 0.3*(xdnmx(lhl) - xdn(mgs,lhl))/(xdnmx(lhl)-xdnmn(lhl)) ) )

!         cd = Max(0.45, Min(0.6, 0.45 + 0.15*(800.0 - Max( 500., Min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(800. - 500.) ) )

         cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hldnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )

       ENDIF


       cdxgs(mgs,lhl) = cd


      IF ( alpha(mgs,lhl) .eq. 0.0 .and. icdxhl > 0 .and. icdxhl /= 6) THEN

!      axx(mgs,lhl) =  (gf4p5/6.0)*  &

!     &  Sqrt( (xdn(mgs,lhl)*4.0*gr) /  &

!     &    (3.0*cd*rho0(mgs)) )

      axx(mgs,lhl) = sqrt(4.0*xdn(mgs,lhl)*gr/(3.0*cd*rho00))

      bxx(mgs,lhl) = 0.5

      vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) = (gf4p5/6.0)* rhovt(mgs)*axx(mgs,lhl) * sqrt(xdia(mgs,lhl,1))

      ELSE

        IF ( icdxhl /= 6 ) bbx = bx(lhl)

        tmp = 4. + alpha(mgs,lhl) + bbx

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = 4. + alpha(mgs,lhl)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        IF ( icdxhl > 0 .and. icdxhl /= 6) THEN

          aax = sqrt(4.0*xdn(mgs,lhl)*gr/(3.0*cd*rho00))

          vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax* sqrt(xdia(mgs,lhl,1)) * x/y

          axx(mgs,lhl) = aax

          bxx(mgs,lhl) = bbx

        ELSEIF ( icdxhl == 6 ) THEN

          vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax* (xdia(mgs,lhl,1))**bbx * x/y

        ELSE

          axx(mgs,lhl) = ax(lhl)

          bxx(mgs,lhl) = bx(lhl)

         vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) =  rhovt(mgs)*(ax(lhl)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)**bx(lhl)*x)/y

        ENDIF


!     &    Gamma_sp(4.0 + dnu(lh) + 0.6))/Gamma_sp(4. + dnu(lh))

      ENDIF


      end if

      end do

      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set hail vt'


      ENDIF ! lhl .gt. 1


      IF ( infdo .ge. 1 ) THEN


!      DO il = lc,lhab

!      IF ( il .ne. lr ) THEN

        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          IF ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lc ) THEN

            vtxbar(mgs,lc,2) = vtxbar(mgs,lc,1)

          ENDIF

        IF ( li .gt. 1 ) THEN

!          vtxbar(mgs,li,2) = rhovt(mgs)*49420.*1.25447*xdia(mgs,li,1)**(1.415) ! n-wgt (Ferrier 94)

!          vtxbar(mgs,li,2) = vtxbar(mgs,li,1)


! test print stuff...

!          IF ( xdia(mgs,li,1) .gt. 200.e-6 ) THEN

!            tmp = (xv(mgs,li)*cwc0)**(1./3.)

!            x = rhovt(mgs)*49420.*40.0005/5.40662*tmp**(1.415)

!            y = rhovt(mgs)*49420.*1.25447*tmp**(1.415)

!            write(6,*) 'Ice fall: ',vtxbar(mgs,li,1),x,y,tmp,xdia(mgs,li,1)

!          ENDIF

        ENDIF

!          vtxbar(mgs,ls,2) = vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

        ENDDO


        IF ( lg .gt. lr ) THEN


        DO il = lg,lhab

         IF ( ildo == 0 .or. ildo == il ) THEN


            DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

             IF ( qx(mgs,il) .gt. qxmin(il) ) THEN

              IF ( (il .eq. lh .and. hssflg == 1) .or. ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. il .eq. lhl .and. hlssflg == 1) ) THEN ! DTD: added flag for size-sorting


              ! DTD: allow for setting of number-weighted and z-weighted fall speeds to the mass-weighted value,

              ! effectively turning off size-sorting


              IF ( il .eq. lh ) THEN ! {


               IF ( icdx .eq. 1 ) THEN

                 cd = cdx(lh)

               ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 2 ) THEN

!                 cd = Max(0.6, Min(1.0, 0.6 + 0.4*(xdnmx(lh) - xdn(mgs,lh))/(xdnmx(lh)-xdnmn(lh)) ) )

!                 cd = Max(0.6, Min(1.0, 0.6 + 0.4*(900.0 - xdn(mgs,lh))/(900. - 300.) ) )

                 cd = max(0.45, min(1.0, 0.45 + 0.35*(800.0 - max( 500., min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 500.) ) )

!                 cd = Max(0.55, Min(1.0, 0.55 + 0.25*(800.0 - Max( 500., Min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 500.) ) )

               ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 3 ) THEN

!                 cd = Max(0.45, Min(1.0, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - Max( 170.0, Min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )

                 cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hdnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )

               ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 4 ) THEN

                 cd = max(cdhmin, min(cdhmax, cdhmin + (cdhmax-cdhmin)* &

     &            (cdhdnmax - max( cdhdnmin, min( cdhdnmax, xdn(mgs,lh) ) ) )/(cdhdnmax - cdhdnmin) ) )

               ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 5 ) THEN

                 cd = cdx(lh)*(xdn(mgs,lh)/rho_qh)**(2./3.)

               ELSEIF ( icdx .eq. 6 ) THEN ! Milbrandt and Morrison (2013)

                  aax = axx(mgs,lh)

                  bbx = bxx(mgs,lh)

               ELSEIF ( icdx <= 0 ) THEN !

                  aax = ax(lh)

                  bbx = bx(lh)

               ENDIF


              ELSEIF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. il .eq. lhl ) THEN


               IF ( icdxhl .eq. 1 ) THEN

                 cd = cdx(lhl)

               ELSEIF ( icdxhl .eq. 3 ) THEN

!               cd = Max(0.45, Min(1.0, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - Max( 300., Min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(800. - 300.) ) )

                cd = max(0.45, min(1.2, 0.45 + 0.55*(800.0 - max( hldnmn, min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(800. - 170.0) ) )

               ELSEIF ( icdxhl .eq. 4 ) THEN

                cd = max(cdhlmin, min(cdhlmax, cdhlmin + (cdhlmax-cdhlmin)*  &

     &               (cdhldnmax - max( cdhldnmin, min( cdhldnmax, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(cdhldnmax - cdhldnmin) ) )

               ELSEIF ( icdxhl == 5 ) THEN

!                cd = Max(0.6, Min(1.0, 0.6 + 0.4*(900.0 - xdn(mgs,lhl))/(900. - 300.) ) )

!                cd = Max(0.5, Min(0.8, 0.5 + 0.3*(xdnmx(lhl) - xdn(mgs,lhl))/(xdnmx(lhl)-xdnmn(lhl)) ) )

                 cd = max(0.45, min(0.6, 0.45 + 0.15*(800.0 - max( 500., min( 800.0, xdn(mgs,lhl) ) ) )/(800. - 500.) ) )

               ELSEIF ( icdxhl .eq. 6 ) THEN ! Milbrandt and Morrison (2013)

                  aax = axx(mgs,lhl)

                  bbx = bxx(mgs,lhl)

               ELSEIF ( icdxhl <= 0 ) THEN !

                  aax = ax(lhl)

                  bbx = bx(lhl)

               ENDIF


              ENDIF ! }


               IF ( alpha(mgs,il) .eq. 0. .and. infdo .lt. 2 .and.   &

               ( ( il==lh .and. icdx > 0 .and. icdx /= 6) .or. ( il==lhl .and. icdxhl > 0 .and. icdxhl /= 6 ) ) ) THEN ! {

                 vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =   &

     &              sqrt( (xdn(mgs,il)*xdia(mgs,il,1)*pi*gr) / &

     &                (3.0*cd*max(0.05,rho0(mgs))) )


               ELSE

               IF ( il == lh  .and. icdx   /= 6 ) bbx = bx(il)

               IF ( il == lhl .and. icdxhl /= 6 ) bbx = bx(il)

               tmp = 1. + alpha(mgs,il) + bbx

               i = int(dgami*(tmp))

               del = tmp - dgam*i

               x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


               tmp = 1. + alpha(mgs,il)

               i = int(dgami*(tmp))

               del = tmp - dgam*i

               y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


                 IF ( il .eq. lh  .or. il .eq. lhl) THEN ! {

                   IF ( ( il==lh .and. icdx > 0 ) ) THEN

                     IF ( icdx /= 6 ) THEN

                      aax = sqrt(4.0*xdn(mgs,il)*gr/(3.0*cd*rho00))

                      vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax* xdia(mgs,il,1)**bx(il) * x/y

                     ELSE !  (icdx == 6 ) THEN

                       vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax* xdia(mgs,il,1)**bbx * x/y

                     ENDIF


                   ELSEIF ( ( il==lhl .and. icdxhl > 0 ) ) THEN

                     IF ( icdxhl /= 6 ) THEN

                       aax = sqrt(4.0*xdn(mgs,il)*gr/(3.0*cd*rho00))

                       vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax* xdia(mgs,il,1)**bx(il) * x/y

                     ELSE ! ( icdxhl == 6 )

                       vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =  rhovt(mgs)*aax* xdia(mgs,il,1)**bbx * x/y

                     ENDIF

                   ELSE ! get here if il==lh and icdx < 0 -- or -- il==lhl and icdxhl < 0

                     aax = ax(il)

                     vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =  rhovt(mgs)*ax(il)*(xdia(mgs,il,1)**bx(il)*x)/y

                   ENDIF

!                  vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =  &

!     &               rhovt(mgs)*(xdn(mgs,il)/400.)*(75.715*xdia(mgs,il,1)**0.6* &

!     &               x)/y

!                  vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =  &

!     &               rhovt(mgs)*(xdn(mgs,il)/400.)*(ax(il)*xdia(mgs,il,1)**bx(il)* &

!     &               x)/y

                  IF ( infdo .ge. 2 ) THEN ! Z-weighted


               tmp = 7. + alpha(mgs,il) + bbx

               i = int(dgami*(tmp))

               del = tmp - dgam*i

               x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


               tmp = 7. + alpha(mgs,il)

               i = int(dgami*(tmp))

               del = tmp - dgam*i

               y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


                   vtxbar(mgs,il,3) = rhovt(mgs)*                 &

     &                (aax*(xdia(mgs,il,1) )**bbx *  &

     &                 x)/y

!     &                 Gamma(7.0 + alpha(mgs,il) + bbx)/Gamma(7. + alpha(mgs,il))

          IF ( .not. (vtxbar(mgs,il,1) > -1. .and. vtxbar(mgs,il,1) < 250. ) .or. &

               .not. (vtxbar(mgs,il,3) > -1. .and. vtxbar(mgs,il,3) < 250. ) ) THEN

           write(0,*) 'Setvtz: problem with vtxbar1/3: ',il,vtxbar(mgs,il,1),vtxbar(mgs,il,3),aax,bbx,x,y

           write(0,*) 'q, number, diam1,3(mm) = ', qx(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il),1000.*xdia(mgs,il,1),1000.*xdia(mgs,il,3)

           ! call commasmpi_abort()

          ENDIF

!     &                (aax*(1.0/xdia(mgs,il,1) )**(- bx(il))*  &

!     &                 Gamma_sp(7.0 + alpha(mgs,il) + bx(il)))/Gamma_sp(7. + alpha(mgs,il))

                  ENDIF


      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set hail vt3'


                 ELSE ! hail

                  vtxbar(mgs,il,2) =  &

     &               rhovt(mgs)*(ax(il)*xdia(mgs,il,1)**bx(il)* &

     &               x)/y


                 IF ( infdo .ge. 2 ) THEN ! Z-weighted

                  vtxbar(mgs,il,3) = rhovt(mgs)*                 &

     &              (aax*(1.0/xdia(mgs,il,1) )**(- bbx)*  &

     &               gamma_sp(7.0 + alpha(mgs,il) + bbx))/gamma_sp(7. + alpha(mgs,il))

!     &              (ax(il)*(1.0/xdia(mgs,il,1) )**(- bx(il))*  &

!     &               Gamma_sp(7.0 + alpha(mgs,il) + bx(il)))/Gamma_sp(7. + alpha(mgs,il))

                  ENDIF


      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set hail vt4'


                 ENDIF ! }

!     &             Gamma_sp(1.0 + dnu(il) + 0.6)/Gamma_sp(1. + dnu(il))

               ENDIF ! }


!              IF ( infdo .ge. 2 ) THEN ! Z-weighted

!               vtxbar(mgs,il,3) = rhovt(mgs)*                 &

!     &            (ax(il)*(1.0/xdia(mgs,il,1) )**(- bx(il))*  &

!     &             Gamma_sp(7.0 + alpha(mgs,il) + bx(il)))/Gamma_sp(7. + alpha(mgs,il))

!              ENDIF


!               IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. il .eq. lhl ) THEN

!                write(0,*) 'setvt: ',qx(mgs,il),xdia(mgs,il,1),xdia(mgs,il,3),dnu(il),ax(il),bx(il)

!               ENDIF

             ELSEIF ( (il .eq. lh .and. hssflg == 0) .or. ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. il .eq. lhl .and. hlssflg == 0) ) THEN ! no size-sorting for graupel or hail

              vtxbar(mgs,il,2) = vtxbar(mgs,il,1)

              vtxbar(mgs,il,3) = vtxbar(mgs,il,1)

             ELSE ! not lh or lhl

              vtxbar(mgs,il,2) = &

     &            sqrt( (xdn(mgs,il)*xdia(mgs,il,1)*pi*gr) /  &

     &              (3.0*cdx(il)*max(0.05,rho0(mgs))) )

              vtxbar(mgs,il,3) = vtxbar(mgs,il,1)


      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set graupel vt5'


              ENDIF

             ELSE ! qx < qxmin

              vtxbar(mgs,il,2) = 0.0


      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set graupel vt6'


             ENDIF

           ENDDO ! mgs


      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set graupel vt7'


        ENDIF

        ENDDO ! il


      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set graupel vt8'


        ENDIF ! lg .gt. 1


!      ENDIF

!      ENDDO


      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: Set graupel vt9'


!       DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

!        IF ( qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

!         write(0,*) 'setvt2: mgs,lzr,infdo = ',mgs,lzr,infdo

!         write(0,*) 'vt1,2,3 = ',vtxbar(mgs,lr,1),vtxbar(mgs,lr,2),vtxbar(mgs,lr,3)

!        ENDIF

!       ENDDO


      ENDIF ! infdo .ge. 1


        IF (  lh > 0 .and. graupelfallfac /= 1.0 ) THEN

          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

            vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) = graupelfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)

            vtxbar(mgs,lh,2) = graupelfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,lh,2)

            vtxbar(mgs,lh,3) = graupelfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,lh,3)

            axx(mgs,lh) = graupelfallfac*axx(mgs,lh)

          ENDDO

        ENDIF


        IF ( lhl > 0 .and. hailfallfac /= 1.0 ) THEN

          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

            vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) = hailfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)

            vtxbar(mgs,lhl,2) = hailfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,2)

            vtxbar(mgs,lhl,3) = hailfallfac*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,3)

            axx(mgs,lhl) = hailfallfac*axx(mgs,lhl)

          ENDDO

        ENDIF


      if ( ndebug1 .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'SETVTZ: END OF ROUTINE'


!############ SETVTZ ############################


      RETURN

      END SUBROUTINE setvtz

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------


!

! ##############################################################################


!

!  subroutine to calculate fall speeds of hydrometeors

!


      subroutine ziegfall1d(nx,ny,nz,nor,norz,na,dtp,jgs,ixcol, &

     &  xvt, rhovtzx,                                           &

     &  an,dn,ipconc0,t0,t7,cwmasn,cwmasx,       &

     &  cwradn,                                   &

     &  qxmin,xdnmx,xdnmn,cdx,cno,xdn0,xvmn,xvmx,  &

     &  ngs,qx,qxw,cx,xv,vtxbar,xmas,xdn,xdia,vx,alpha,zx,igs,kgs, &

     &  rho0,temcg,temg,rhovt,cwnc,cinc,fadvisc,cwdia,cipmas,cnina,cimas, &

     &  cnostmp,                     &

     &  infdo,ildo,timesetvt)


! 12.16.2005: .F version use in transitional SWM model

!

! 10.10.2003: Added cimn and cimx to setting for cci and cip.

!

! TO DO LIST:

!

! need to set up values for:

!     :  cipdia,cidia,cwdia,cwmas,vtwbar,

!     :  rho0,temcg,cip,cci

!

! and need to put fallspeed values in cwvt etc.

!


      implicit none

      integer ng1

      parameter(ng1 = 1)


      integer, intent(in) :: ixcol ! which column to return

      integer, intent(in) :: ildo


      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,norz,ngt,jgs,na

      real an(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor,na)

      real dn(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor)

      real t0(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor)

      real t7(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor)

      real dtp,dtz1


      real :: rhovtzx(nz,nx)


      integer ndebugzf

      parameter(ndebugzf = 0)


      integer ix,jy,kz,i,j,k,il

      integer infdo

!

!

      real xvt(nz+1,nx,3,lc:lhab) ! 1=mass-weighted, 2=number-weighted


      real qxmin(lc:lhab)

      real xdn0(lc:lhab)

      real xvmn(lc:lhab), xvmx(lc:lhab)

      double precision,optional :: timesetvt


      integer :: ngs

      integer :: ngscnt,mgs,ipconc0

!      parameter ( ngs=200 )


      real ::  qx(ngs,lv:lhab)

      real ::  qxw(ngs,ls:lhab)

      real ::  cx(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  xv(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  vtxbar(ngs,lc:lhab,3)

      real ::  xmas(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  xdn(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  cdxgs(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  xdia(ngs,lc:lhab,3)

      real ::  vx(ngs,li:lhab)

      real ::  alpha(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  zx(ngs,lr:lhab)


      real xdnmx(lc:lhab), xdnmn(lc:lhab)

      real :: axx(ngs,lh:lhab), bxx(ngs,lh:lhab)

!      real axh(ngs),bxh(ngs),axhl(ngs),bxhl(ngs)


!

!   drag coefficients

!

      real cdx(lc:lhab)

!

! Fixed intercept values for single moment scheme

!

      real cno(lc:lhab)


      real cwccn0,cwmasn,cwmasx,cwradn

!      real cwc0


      integer nxmpb,nzmpb,nxz,numgs,inumgs

      integer kstag

      parameter(kstag=1)


      integer igs(ngs),kgs(ngs)


      real rho0(ngs),temcg(ngs)


      real temg(ngs)


      real rhovt(ngs)


      real cwnc(ngs),cinc(ngs)

      real fadvisc(ngs),cwdia(ngs),cipmas(ngs)


!      real cimasn,cimasx,

      real :: cnina(ngs),cimas(ngs)


      real :: cnostmp(ngs)


!      real pii

!

!

!  general constants for microphysics

!


!

! Miscellaneous

!


      logical flag

      logical ldoliq


      real chw, qr, z, rd, alp, z1, g1, vr, nrx, tmp, tmpc, tmpz


      real vtmax

      real xvbarmax


      real, parameter ::  c1r=19.0, c2r=0.6, c3r=1.8, c4r=17.0   ! rain

      real, parameter ::  c1h=5.5, c2h=0.7, c3h=4.5, c4h=8.5   ! Graupel

      real, parameter ::  c1hl=3.7, c2hl=0.3, c3hl=9.0, c4hl=6.5, c5hl=1.0, c6hl=6.5 ! Hail


      integer l1, l2


      double precision :: dpt1, dpt2


!-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

! MPI LOCAL VARIABLES


      integer :: ixb, jyb, kzb

      integer :: ixe, jye, kze


      logical :: debug_mpi = .false.


      if (ndebugzf .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) "ZIEGFALL1D: ENTERED SUBROUTINE"


! #####################################################################

! BEGIN EXECUTABLE

! #####################################################################

!


!  constants

!


      ldoliq = .false.

      IF ( ls .gt. 1 ) THEN

      DO il = ls,lhab

        ldoliq = ldoliq .or. ( lliq(il) .gt. 1 )

      ENDDO

      ENDIF


!      poo = 1.0e+05

!      cp608 = 0.608

!      cp = 1004.0

!      cv = 717.0

!      dnz00 = 1.225

!      rho00 = 1.225

!      cs = 4.83607122

!      ds = 0.25

!  new values for  cs and ds

!      cs = 12.42

!      ds = 0.42

!      pi = 4.0*atan(1.0)

!      pii = piinv ! 1./pi

!      pid4 = pi/4.0

!      qccrit = 2.0e-03

!      qscrit = 6.0e-04

!      cwc0 = pii


!

!

!  general constants for microphysics

!


!

!  ci constants in mks units

!

!      cimasn = 6.88e-13

!      cimasx = 1.0e-8

!

!  Set terminal velocities...

!    also set drag coefficients

!

      jy = jgs

      nxmpb = ixcol

      nzmpb = 1

      nxz = 1*nz

!      ngs = nz

      numgs = 1


      IF ( ildo == 0 ) THEN

        l1 = lc

        l2 = lhab

      ELSE

        l1 = ildo

        l2 = ildo

      ENDIF


      do inumgs = 1,numgs

       ngscnt = 0


       do kz = 1,nz

        do ix = ixcol,ixcol

        flag = .false.


        DO il = l1,l2

          flag =  flag .or. ( an(ix,jy,kz,il)  > 0.0 )

        ENDDO


        if ( flag ) then

! load temp quantities


        ngscnt = ngscnt + 1

        igs(ngscnt) = ix

        kgs(ngscnt) = kz

        if ( ngscnt .eq. nz ) goto 1100

        end if

        end do !!ix

        nxmpb = 1

       end do !! kz


!      if ( jy .eq. (ny-jstag) ) iend = 1


 1100 continue


      if ( ngscnt .eq. 0 ) go to 9998

!

!  set temporaries for microphysics variables

!


!

!  Reconstruct various quantities

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


       rho0(mgs) = dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

       rhovt(mgs) = rhovtzx(kgs(mgs),ixcol) !  Sqrt(rho00/rho0(mgs))

       temg(mgs) = t0(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

       temcg(mgs) = temg(mgs) - tfr


!

      end do

!

! only need fadvisc for droplets

      IF ( lc .gt. 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lc ) ) then

        do mgs = 1,ngscnt

         fadvisc(mgs) = advisc0*(416.16/(temg(mgs)+120.0))* &

     &   (temg(mgs)/296.0)**(1.5)

        end do

      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc .eq. 0 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      cnina(mgs) = t7(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))

      end do

      ENDIF


      IF ( ildo > 0 ) THEN

        vtxbar(:,ildo,:) = 0.0

      ELSE

        vtxbar(:,:,:) = 0.0

      ENDIF


!      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!        qx(mgs,lv) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lv), 0.0)

!      ENDDO

      DO il = l1,l2

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        qx(mgs,il) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),il), 0.0)

      ENDDO

      end do


      cnostmp(:) = cno(ls)

      IF ( ipconc < 1 .and. lwsm6 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == ls )) THEN

        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          tmp = min( 0.0, temcg(mgs) )

          cnostmp(mgs) = min( 2.e8, 2.e6*exp(0.12*tmp) )

        ENDDO

      ENDIF


!

!  set concentrations

!

      cx(:,:) = 0.0


      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 .and. li .gt. 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == li ) ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,li) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lni), 0.0)

       end do

      end if


      if ( ipconc .ge. 2 .and. lc .gt. 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lc ) ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,lc) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnc), 0.0)

       end do

      end if


      if ( ipconc .ge. 3 .and. lr .gt. 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lr ) ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,lr) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnr), 0.0)

       end do

      end if


      if ( ipconc .ge. 4  .and. ls .gt. 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == ls ) ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,ls) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lns), 0.0)

       end do

      end if


      if ( ipconc .ge. 5  .and. lh .gt. 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lh ) ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,lh) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnh), 0.0)

       end do

      ENDIF


      if ( ipconc .ge. 5  .and. lhl .gt. 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lhl ) ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,lhl) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnhl), 0.0)

       end do

      end if


      ! Vaporize tiny values

      DO il = l1,l2

      IF ( lz(il) < 1 .and. ln(il) > 1 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        IF ( cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin .or. qx(mgs,il) < qxmin(il) ) THEN

          cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

          an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

          qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

          an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

          an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

        ENDIF

      end do

      ENDIF

      ENDDO


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        xdn(mgs,lc) = xdn0(lc)

        xdn(mgs,lr) = xdn0(lr)

!        IF ( ls .gt. 1 .and. lvs .eq. 0 ) xdn(mgs,ls) = xdn0(ls)

!        IF ( lh .gt. 1 .and. lvh .eq. 0 ) xdn(mgs,lh) = xdn0(lh)

        IF ( li .gt. 1 )  xdn(mgs,li) = xdn0(li)

        IF ( ls .gt. 1 )  xdn(mgs,ls) = xdn0(ls)

        IF ( lh .gt. 1 )  xdn(mgs,lh) = xdn0(lh)

        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) xdn(mgs,lhl) = xdn0(lhl)

      end do


!

! Set mean particle volume

!

      IF ( ldovol .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo >= li ) ) THEN


      vx(:,:) = 0.0


       DO il = l1,l2


        IF ( lvol(il) .ge. 1 ) THEN


          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

            vx(mgs,il) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lvol(il)), 0.0)

            IF ( vx(mgs,il) .gt. rho0(mgs)*qxmin(il)*1.e-3 .and. qx(mgs,il) .gt. qxmin(il) ) THEN

              xdn(mgs,il) = min( xdnmx(il), max( xdnmn(il), rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/vx(mgs,il) ) )

            ENDIF

          ENDDO


        ENDIF


       ENDDO


      ENDIF


      DO il = lg,lhab

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

        alpha(mgs,il) = dnu(il)

      ENDDO

      ENDDO


      IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

        alpha(:,lr) = alphar

      ELSEIF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

        alpha(:,lr) = xnu(lr)

      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc == 5 .and. imydiagalpha > 0 ) THEN

        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) .and. cx(mgs,lr) > cxmin ) THEN

             xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr))            !

             xdia(mgs,lr,3) = (xv(mgs,lr)*6.0*cwc1)**(1./3.)

             alpha(mgs,lr) = min(alphamax, c1r*tanh(c2r*(xdia(mgs,lr,3)*1000. - c3r)) + c4r)

          ENDIF

          IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and. cx(mgs,lh) > cxmin ) THEN

             xv(mgs,lh) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*cx(mgs,lh))            !

             xdia(mgs,lh,3) = (xv(mgs,lh)*6.*piinv)**(1./3.) ! mwfac*xdia(mgs,lh,1) ! (xv(mgs,lh)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)

             alpha(mgs,lh) = min(alphamax, c1h*tanh(c2h*(xdia(mgs,lh,3)*1000. - c3h)) + c4h)

          ENDIF

!        alpha(:,lr) = 0. ! 10.

!        alpha(:,lh) = 0. ! 10.

          IF ( lhl > 0 ) THEN

          IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and. cx(mgs,lhl) > cxmin ) THEN

             xv(mgs,lhl) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/(xdn(mgs,lhl)*cx(mgs,lhl))            !

             xdia(mgs,lhl,3) = (xv(mgs,lhl)*6.*piinv)**(1./3.)

             IF ( xdia(mgs,lhl,3) < 0.008 ) THEN

               alpha(mgs,lhl) = min(alphamax, c1hl*tanh(c2hl*(xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*1000. - c3hl)) + c4hl)

             ELSE

               alpha(mgs,lhl) = min(alphamax, c5hl*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*1000. + c6hl)

             ENDIF

          ENDIF

          ENDIF

        ENDDO

      ENDIF


!

! Set 6th moments

!

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 6 .or. lzr > 1) THEN


      zx(:,:) = 0.0


!      DO il = lr,lhab

       DO il = l1,l2


        IF ( lz(il) .ge. 1 ) THEN


          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

            zx(mgs,il) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)), 0.0)

          ENDDO


        ENDIF


       ENDDO


      ENDIF


!  Find shape parameter rain


     IF ( lz(lr) > 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == lr ) .and. imurain == 3  ) THEN ! { RAIN SHAPE PARAM

          il = lr

          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


         IF ( iresetmoments == 1 .or. iresetmoments == il  ) THEN

!         IF (  .false. .and. zx(mgs,lr) <= zxmin ) THEN

         IF ( zx(mgs,lr) <= zxmin ) THEN

           qx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr) = qx(mgs,lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(lr)) = cx(mgs,lr)

!         ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,lr) <= 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,lr) > 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,il) .gt. qxmin(il)) THEN

!           write(91,*) 'ZF: overdepletion of Zr: z,c,q = ',zx(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il),qx(mgs,il)

         ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,lr) <= cxmin ) THEN

           zx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           qx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr) = qx(mgs,lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(lr)) = zx(mgs,lr)

         ENDIF

         ENDIF


         IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN


        xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*max(1.0e-11,cx(mgs,lr)))

        IF ( xv(mgs,lr) .gt. xvmx(lr) ) THEN

!          tmp = cx(mgs,lr)

!          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmx(lr)

!          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmx(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

!          an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

!          IF ( tmp < cx(mgs,il) ) THEN ! breakup

!             g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

!!             zx(mgs,lr) = zx(mgs,lr) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/(1000.))**2*( (qx(mgs,il)/tmp)**2 * (tmp-cx(mgs,il)) )

!!             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(lr)) = zx(mgs,lr)

!          ENDIF

        ELSEIF ( xv(mgs,lr) .lt. xvmn(lr) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmn(lr)

          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmn(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

          an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

        ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and reflectivity but no concentration, so set concentration, using default alpha

            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            z   = zx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)


            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z*1000.*1000)

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) > cxmin ) THEN

!  have mass and concentration but no reflectivity, so set reflectivity, using default alpha

            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)


!            xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(1000.*Max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,lr)))

!            vr = xv(mgs,lr)


!             z  = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

!             zx(mgs,il) = z

!             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = z


            zx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(xdn(mgs,lr)**2*chw)

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!   How did this happen?

         ! set values according to dBZ of -10, or Z = 0.1

!              write(91,*) 'alpha = ',alpha(mgs,il)

             IF ( qx(mgs,il) < 1.e-8 ) THEN

             qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

             ELSE

!              0.1 = 1.e18*0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)*(hwdn/rwdn)**2

               zx(mgs,il) = 1.e-19/0.224*(xdn0(lr)/xdn0(il))**2

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


               g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

               z   = zx(mgs,il)

               qr  = qx(mgs,il)

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z*1000.*1000)

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

             ENDIF

          ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,lr) > 0.0 ) THEN

            xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(1000.*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,lr)))

            vr = xv(mgs,lr)

!            z = 36.*(alpha(kz)+2.0)*a(ix,jy,kz,lnr)*vr**2/((alpha(kz)+1.0)*pi**2)

           qr = qx(mgs,lr)

           nrx = cx(mgs,lr)

           z = zx(mgs,lr)


!           xv = (db(1,kz)*a(1,1,kz,lr))**2/(a(1,1,kz,lnr))

!           rd = z*(pi/6.*1000.)**2/xv


! determine shape parameter alpha by iteration

           IF ( z .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

!           alpha(mgs,lr) = 3.

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

           DO i = 1,20

!            IF ( 100.*Abs(alp - alpha(mgs,lr))/Abs(alpha(mgs,lr)) .lt. 1. ) EXIT

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,lr)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,lr) = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

!           write(0,*) 'i,alp = ',i,alp

             alp = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           ENDDO

!           write(0,*) 'kz, alp, alpha(kz) = ',kz,alp,alpha(mgs,lr),qr*1000,z*1.e18,vr,nrx


! check for artificial breakup (rain larger than allowed max size)

        IF (  xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvmx(il) ) THEN

          tmp = cx(mgs,il)

          xv(mgs,il) = min( xvmx(il), max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

          xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

          cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

          IF ( tmp < cx(mgs,il) ) THEN ! breakup


            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            zx(mgs,il) = zx(mgs,il) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/xdn(mgs,il))**2*( (qx(mgs,il)/tmp)**2 * (tmp-cx(mgs,il)) )

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


           vr = xv(mgs,lr)

           qr = qx(mgs,lr)

           nrx = cx(mgs,lr)

           z = zx(mgs,lr)


! determine shape parameter alpha by iteration

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

           DO i = 1,20

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,lr)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,lr) = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

             alp = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


          ENDIF

        ENDIF


!

! Check whether the shape parameter is at or less than the minimum, and if it is, reset the

! concentration or reflectivity to match (prevents reflectivity from being out of balance with Q and N)

!

!           IF ( alpha(mgs,il) <= rnumin .or. alp == rnumin .or. alp == rnumax ) THEN

           IF ( .true. .and. (alpha(mgs,il) <= rnumin .or. alp == rnumin .or. alp == rnumax) ) THEN


            IF ( rescale_high_alpha .and. alp >= rnumax - 0.01  ) THEN  ! reset c at high alpha to prevent growth in Z

              g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

              cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z*(1./(xdn(mgs,il)))**2

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


            ELSEIF ( rescale_low_alphar .and. alp <= rnumin ) THEN


             z  = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

             zx(mgs,il) = z

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = z


             ENDIF

           ENDIF


           ENDIF

          ENDIF


          ELSE


           zx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(lr)) = cx(mgs,lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(lr)) = zx(mgs,lr)


          ENDIF


          ENDDO

        ENDIF ! }


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 6 ) THEN


!  Find shape parameters for graupel,hail


        DO il = lr,lhab


        IF ( lz(il) .gt. 1 .and. (ildo == 0 .or. ildo == il ) .and. ( .not. ( il == lr .and. imurain == 3 )) ) THEN


        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


         IF ( iresetmoments == 1 .or. iresetmoments == il  .or. iresetmoments == -1 ) THEN

         IF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3 ) THEN

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

         ELSEIF ( iresetmoments == -1 .and. qx(mgs,il) < qxmin(il) ) THEN

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)


           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


         ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin .and. iresetmoments /= -1 ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3  ) THEN

!!            write(91,*) 'cx=0; qx,zx = ',1000.*qx(mgs,il),1.e18*zx(mgs,il)

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

         ENDIF

         ENDIF


         IF (  zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin ) THEN

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

         ENDIF


         IF ( qx(mgs,il) .gt. qxmin(il) ) THEN


        xv(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xdn(mgs,il)*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,il)))

        xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)


        IF ( xv(mgs,il) .lt. xvmn(il)  ) THEN

!          tmp = cx(mgs,il)

          xv(mgs,il) = min( xvmx(il), max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

          xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

          cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

!          IF ( tmp < cx(mgs,il) ) THEN ! breakup

!            g1 = 36.*(6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

!     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*pi**2)

!             zx(mgs,il) = zx(mgs,il) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/xdn(mgs,il))**2*( (qx(mgs,il)/tmp)**2 * (tmp-cx(mgs,il)) )

!             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

!

!          ENDIF

        ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and reflectivity but no concentration, so set concentration, using default alpha

            g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

            z   = zx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6*qr)**2/(z*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2)

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) > cxmin ) THEN

!  have mass and concentration but no reflectivity, so set reflectivity, using default alpha

            g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

!            zx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/chw

            zx(mgs,il) = min(zxmin*1.1, g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6*qr)**2/(chw*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2) )

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!   How did this happen?

!              write(91,*) 'ziegfall: something screwy with moments: il = ',il

!              write(91,*) 'q,n,z = ', 1.e3*qx(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il),zx(mgs,il)

!              write(91,*) 'alpha = ',alpha(mgs,il)


             IF ( qx(mgs,il) < 1.e-8 ) THEN

             qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

             ELSE

!              write(0,*) 'alpha = ',alpha(mgs,il)

         ! set values according to dBZ of -10

!              0.1 = 1.e18*0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)*(hwdn/rwdn)**2

               zx(mgs,il) = 1.e-19/0.224*(xdn0(lr)/xdn0(il))**2

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


               g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

               z   = zx(mgs,il)

               qr  = qx(mgs,il)

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6*qr)**2/(z*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2)

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

            ENDIF

          ENDIF

         ENDIF


        IF ( qx(mgs,il) .gt. qxmin(il) .and. cx(mgs,il) .gt. cxmin ) THEN

          chw = cx(mgs,il)

          qr  = qx(mgs,il)

          z   = zx(mgs,il)


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) .gt. 0. ) THEN


!            rd = z*(pi/6.*1000.)**2*chw/(0.224*(dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))*qr)**2)

            rd = z*(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2*chw/((dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))*qr)**2)


           alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rd) - 1.0

           DO i = 1,10

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,il) = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

             alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rd) - 1.0

!           write(0,*) 'i,alp = ',i,alp

             alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


! check for artificial breakup (graupel/hail larger than allowed max size)


        IF ( imaxdiaopt == 1 .or. il /= lr ) THEN

          xvbarmax = xvmx(il)

        ELSEIF ( imaxdiaopt == 2 ) THEN ! test against maximum mass diameter

          xvbarmax = xvmx(il) /((3. + alpha(mgs,il))**3/((3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + alpha(mgs,il))))

        ELSEIF ( imaxdiaopt == 3 ) THEN ! test against mass-weighted diameter

          xvbarmax = xvmx(il) /((4. + alpha(mgs,il))**3/((3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + alpha(mgs,il))))

        ENDIF


        IF (  xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvbarmax ) THEN

          tmp = cx(mgs,il)

          xv(mgs,il) = min( xvbarmax, max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

          xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

          cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

          IF ( tmp < cx(mgs,il) ) THEN ! breakup

            g1 = 36.*(6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*pi**2)

            ! check if incoming zx is consistent

            ! Z from incoming cx, qx, and alpha

            tmpz = g1/(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2 * ((rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)/tmp

            IF ( tmpz > zx(mgs,il) ) THEN

              ! find cx that gives zx

              tmpc = g1/(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2 * ((rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)/zx(mgs,il)

              cx(mgs,il) = max(cx(mgs,il), tmpc)

            ENDIF

            zx(mgs,il) = g1/(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2 * ((rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)/cx(mgs,il)

!             zx(mgs,il) = zx(mgs,il) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/xdn(mgs,il))**2*( (qx(mgs,il)/tmp)**2 * (tmp-cx(mgs,il)) )

             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


          chw = cx(mgs,il)

          qr  = qx(mgs,il)

          z   = zx(mgs,il)


            rd = z*(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2*chw/((rho0(mgs)*qr)**2)

            alp = (6.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rd) - 1.0

           DO i = 1,10

             IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,il) = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

             alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rd) - 1.0

             alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


          ENDIF

        ENDIF


!

! Check whether the shape parameter is at or less than the minimum, and if it is, reset the

! concentration or reflectivity to match (prevents reflectivity from being out of balance with Q and N)

!

           IF ( (rescale_low_alpha .or. rescale_high_alpha ) .and.  &

     &        ( alpha(mgs,il) <= alphamin .or. alp == alphamin .or. alp == alphamax ) ) THEN


             g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))


            IF ( rescale_high_alpha .and. alp >= alphamax - 0.01  ) THEN  ! reset c at high alpha to prevent growth in Z

              cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


            ELSEIF ( rescale_low_alpha .and. alp <= alphamin .and. .not. (il == lh .and. icvhl2h > 0 ) ) THEN


!!             z1 = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*( 0.224*qr)*qr/chw

             z1 = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/chw

             z  = z1*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

             zx(mgs,il) = z

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = z

            ENDIF

           ENDIF

          ELSE

          ENDIF

        ENDIF

        ENDDO ! mgs


        ENDIF ! lz(il) .gt. 1


        ENDDO ! il


!      CALL cld_cpu('Z-MOMENT-ZFAll')


      ENDIF


      IF ( lzhl > 1 ) THEN

        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


        ENDIF

      ENDIF


!

!  Set density

!

      if (ndebugzf .gt. 0 ) write(0,*)  'ZIEGFALL: call setvtz'

!


      call setvtz(ngscnt,qx,qxmin,qxw,cx,rho0,rhovt,xdia,cno,cnostmp,   &

     &                 xmas,vtxbar,xdn,xvmn,xvmx,xv,cdx,cdxgs,        &

     &                 ipconc,ndebugzf,ngs,nz,igs,kgs,fadvisc, &

     &                 cwmasn,cwmasx,cwradn,cnina,cimn,cimx,    &

     &                 itype1,itype2,temcg,infdo,alpha,axx,bxx,ildo)

!     &                 itype1,itype2,temcg,infdo,alpha,ildo,axh,bxh,axhl,bxhl)


!

! put fall speeds into the x-z arrays

!

      DO il = l1,l2

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


       vtmax = 150.0


       IF ( vtxbar(mgs,il,2) .gt. vtxbar(mgs,il,1)  .or. &

     &      ( vtxbar(mgs,il,1) .gt. vtxbar(mgs,il,3) .and. vtxbar(mgs,il,3) > 0.0) ) THEN


!          IF ( qx(mgs,il) > 1.e-4 .and.  &

!     &        .not. ( il == lr .and. 1.e3*xdia(mgs,il,3) > 5.0 ) ) THEN

!          write(0,*) 'infdo,mgs = ',infdo,lzr,mgs

!          write(0,*) 'Moment problem with vtxbar for il at i,j,k = ',il,igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)

!          write(0,*) 'nx,ny,nz,ng = ',nx,ny,nz,nor

!          write(0,*) 'cwmasn,cwmasx = ',cwmasn,cwmasx

!          write(0,*) 'vt1,2,3 = ',vtxbar(mgs,il,1),vtxbar(mgs,il,2),vtxbar(mgs,il,3)

!          write(0,*) 'q,n,d = ', 1.e3*qx(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il),1.e3*xdia(mgs,il,3)

!          IF ( il .ge. lr  .and. lz(il) > 1 ) write(0,*) 'z = ', zx(mgs,il)

!          IF ( il .ge. lg .or. il == lr ) THEN

!            write(0,*) 'alpha = ',alpha(mgs,il)

!          ENDIF

!          ENDIF


          vtxbar(mgs,il,1) = max( vtxbar(mgs,il,1), vtxbar(mgs,il,2) )

          vtxbar(mgs,il,3) = max( vtxbar(mgs,il,3), vtxbar(mgs,il,1) )


       ENDIF


       IF ( vtxbar(mgs,il,1) .gt. vtmax .or. vtxbar(mgs,il,2) .gt. vtmax .or. &

     &      vtxbar(mgs,il,3) .gt. vtmax ) THEN


!        IF ( ndebugzf >= 0 .and.  1.e3*qx(mgs,il) > 0.1 ) THEN

!          write(0,*) 'infdo = ',infdo

!          write(0,*) 'Problem with vtxbar for il at i,j,k = ',il,igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)

!          write(0,*) 'nx,ny,nz,ng = ',nx,ny,nz,nor

!          write(0,*) 'cwmasn,cwmasx = ',cwmasn,cwmasx

!          write(0,*) 'vt1,2,3 = ',vtxbar(mgs,il,1),vtxbar(mgs,il,2),vtxbar(mgs,il,3)

!          write(0,*) 'q,n,d = ', 1.e3*qx(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il),1.e3*xdia(mgs,il,3)

!          IF ( il .ge. lr  .and. lz(il) > 1 ) write(0,*) 'z = ', zx(mgs,il)

!          IF ( il .ge. lg ) THEN

!            write(0,*) 'alpha = ',alpha(mgs,il)

!          ENDIF

!        ENDIF

        vtxbar(mgs,il,1) = min(vtmax,vtxbar(mgs,il,1) )

        vtxbar(mgs,il,2) = min(vtmax,vtxbar(mgs,il,2) )

        vtxbar(mgs,il,3) = min(vtmax,vtxbar(mgs,il,3) )


!        call commasmpi_abort()

       ENDIF


       xvt(kgs(mgs),igs(mgs),1,il) = vtxbar(mgs,il,1)

       xvt(kgs(mgs),igs(mgs),2,il) = vtxbar(mgs,il,2)

       IF ( infdo .ge. 2 ) THEN

       xvt(kgs(mgs),igs(mgs),3,il) = vtxbar(mgs,il,3)

       ELSE

       xvt(kgs(mgs),igs(mgs),3,il) = 0.0

       ENDIF


!       xvt(kgs(mgs),igs(mgs),2,il) = xvt(kgs(mgs),igs(mgs),1,il)


      enddo

      ENDDO


      if (ndebugzf .gt. 0 ) write(0,*)  'ZIEGFALL: COPIED FALL SPEEDS'


 9998 continue


      if (ndebugzf .gt. 0 ) write(0,*)  'ZIEGFALL: DONE WITH LOOP'


      if ( kz .gt. nz-1 ) then

        go to 1200

      else

        nzmpb = kz

      end if


      if (ndebugzf .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ZIEGFALL: SET NZMPB'


      end do !! inumgs


      if (ndebugzf .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ZIEGFALL: SET NXMPB'


 1200 continue


!       ENDDO ! ix

!      ENDDO ! kz


      if (ndebugzf .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) "ZIEGFALL: EXITING SUBROUTINE"


      RETURN

      END subroutine ziegfall1d


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################


! ##############################################################################

      subroutine radardd02(nx,ny,nz,nor,na,an,temk,         &

     &    dbz,db,nzdbz,cnoh0t,hwdn1t,ipconc,ke_diag, iunit)

!

! 11.13.2005: Changed values of indices for reordering of lip

!

! 07.13.2005: Fixed an error where cnoh was being used for graupel and frozen drops

!

! 01.24.2005: add ice crystal reflectivity using parameterization of

!             Heymsfield (JAS, 1977).  Could also try Ferrier for this, too.

!

!  09.28.2002 Test alterations for dry ice following Ferrier (1994)

!      for equivalent melted diameter reflectivity.

!      Converted to Fortran by ERM.

!

!Date: Tue, 21 Nov 2000 10:13:36 -0600 (CST)

!From: Matthew Gilmore <gilmore@hesston.met.tamu.edu>

!

!PRO RF_SPEC ; Computes Radar Reflectivity

!COMMON MAINB, data, x1d, y1d, z1d, iconst, rconst, labels, nx, ny, nz, dshft

!

!;MODIFICATION HISTORY

!; 5/99  -Svelta Veleva introduces variable dielf (const_ki_x) as a (weak)

!;   function of density.  This leads to slight modification of dielf such

!;   that the snow reflectivity is slightly increased - not a big effect.

!;   This is believed to be more accurate than assuming the dielectric

!;   constant for snow is the same as for hail in previous versions.

!

!;On 6/13/99 I added the VIL computation (k=0 in vil array)

!;On 6/15/99 I removed the number concentration dependencies as a function

!;           of temperature (only use for ferrier!)

!;On 6/15/99 I added the Composite reflectivity (k=1 in VIL array)

!;On 6/15/99 I added the Severe Hail Index computation (k=2 in vil array)

!;

!; 6/99 - Veleva and Seo argue that since graupel is more similar to

!;   snow (in number conc and size density) than it is to hail, we

!;   should not weight wetted graupel with the .95 exponent correction

!;   factor as in the case of hail.  An if-statement checks the size

!;   density for wet hail/graupel and treats them appropriately.

!;

!; 6/22/99 - Added function to compute height of max rf and 40 dbz echo top

!;           Also added vilqr which is the model vertical integrated liquid only

!;           using qr.  Will need to check...does not seem consistent with vilZ

!;


      implicit none


      character(LEN=15), parameter :: microp = 'ZVD'

      integer nx,ny,nz,nor,na,ngt

      integer nzdbz    !  how many levels actually to process


      integer ng1,n10

      integer iunit

      integer, parameter :: printyn = 0


      parameter( ng1 = 1 )


      real cnoh0t,hwdn1t

      integer ke_diag

      integer ipconc

      real vr


      integer imapz,mzdist


      integer vzflag

      integer, parameter :: norz = 3

      real an(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor,na)

      real db(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor)  ! air density

!      real gt(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor,ngt)

      real temk(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor)  ! air temperature (kelvin)

      real dbz(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-nor+ng1:nz+nor)   ! reflectivity

      real gz(-nor+1:nz+nor) ! ,z1d(-nor+1:nz+nor,4)


!      real g,rgas,eta,inveta

      real cr1, cr2 ,  hwdnsq,swdnsq

      real rwdnsq, dhmin, qrmin, qsmin, qhmin, qhlmin, tfr, tfrh, zrc

      real reflectmin,  kw_sq

      real const_ki_sn, const_ki_h, ki_sq_sn

      real ki_sq_h, dielf_sn, dielf_h

      real pi

      logical ltest


!  Other data arrays

       real gtmp     (nx,nz)

       real dtmp     (nx,nz)

       real tmp


       double precision :: dtmps, dtmpr, dtmph, dtmphl, g1, zx, ze, x


       integer i,j,k,ix,jy,kz,ihcnt


        double precision :: xcnoh, xcnos, dadh, dads, zhdryc, zsdryc, zhwetc,zswetc

        double precision :: dadr

        real dbzmax,dbzmin

        parameter( dbzmin = 0 )


      real cnow,cnoi,cnoip,cnoir,cnor,cnos

      real cnogl,cnogm,cnogh,cnof,cnoh,cnohl


      real swdn, rwdn ,hwdn,gldn,gmdn,ghdn,fwdn,hldn

      real swdn0


      real rwdnmx,cwdnmx,cidnmx,xidnmx,swdnmx,gldnmx,gmdnmx

      real ghdnmx,fwdnmx,hwdnmx,hldnmx

      real rwdnmn,cwdnmn,cidnmn,xidnmn,swdnmn,gldnmn,gmdnmn

      real ghdnmn,fwdnmn,hwdnmn,hldnmn


      real gldnsq,gmdnsq,ghdnsq,fwdnsq,hldnsq


      real dadgl,dadgm,dadgh,dadhl,dadf

      real zgldryc,zglwetc,zgmdryc, zgmwetc,zghdryc,zghwetc

      real zhldryc,zhlwetc,zfdryc,zfwetc


      real dielf_gl,dielf_gm,dielf_gh,dielf_hl,dielf_fw


      integer imx,jmx,kmx


      real swdia,gldia,gmdia,ghdia,fwdia,hwdia,hldia


      real csw,cgl,cgm,cgh,cfw,chw,chl

      real xvs,xvgl,xvgm,xvgh,xvf,xvh,xvhl


      real cwc0

      integer izieg

      integer ice10

      real rhos

      parameter( rhos = 0.1 )


      real qxw,qxw1    ! temp value for liquid water on ice mixing ratio

      real :: dnsnow

      real qh


      real, parameter :: cwmasn = 5.23e-13   ! minimum mass, defined by radius of 5.0e-6

      real, parameter :: cwmasx = 5.25e-10   ! maximum mass, defined by radius of 50.0e-6

      real, parameter :: cwradn = 5.0e-6     ! minimum radius


      real cwnccn(nz)


      real :: vzsnow, vzrain, vzgraupel, vzhail

      real :: ksq

      real :: dtp


! #########################################################################


      vzflag = 0


      izieg = 0

      ice10 = 0

!      g=9.806                 ! g: gravity constant

!      rgas=287.04             ! rgas: gas constant for dry air

!      rcp=rgas/cp             ! rcp: gamma constant

!      eta=0.622

!      inveta = 1./eta

!      rcpinv = 1./rcp

!      cpr=cp/rgas

!      cvr=cv/rgas

      pi = 4.0*atan(1.)

      cwc0 = piinv ! 1./pi ! 6.0/pi


      cnoh = cnoh0t

      hwdn = hwdn1t


      rwdn = 1000.0

      swdn = 100.0


      qrmin = 1.0e-05

      qsmin = 1.0e-06

      qhmin = 1.0e-05


!

!  default slope intercepts

!

      cnow  = 1.0e+08

      cnoi  = 1.0e+08

      cnoip = 1.0e+08

      cnoir = 1.0e+08

      cnor  = 8.0e+06

      cnos  = 8.0e+06

      cnogl = 4.0e+05

      cnogm = 4.0e+05

      cnogh = 4.0e+05

      cnof  = 4.0e+05

      cnohl = 1.0e+03


      imx = 1

      jmx = 1

      kmx = 1

      i = 1


       IF ( microp(1:4) .eq. 'ZIEG' ) THEN !  na .ge. 14 .and. ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN


!        write(0,*)  'Set reflectivity for ZIEG'

         izieg = 1


         hwdn = hwdn1t ! 500.


         cnor  = cno(lr)

         cnos  = cno(ls)

         cnoh  = cno(lh)

         qrmin = qxmin(lr)

         qsmin = qxmin(ls)

         qhmin = qxmin(lh)

         IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

            cnohl  = cno(lhl)

            qhlmin = qxmin(lhl)

         ENDIF


       ELSEIF ( microp(1:3) .eq. 'ZVD' ) THEN !  na .ge. 14 .and. ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN


         izieg = 1


         swdn0 = swdn


         cnor  = cno(lr)

         cnos  = cno(ls)

         cnoh  = cno(lh)


         qrmin = qxmin(lr)

         qsmin = qxmin(ls)

         qhmin = qxmin(lh)

         IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

            cnohl  = cno(lhl)

            qhlmin = qxmin(lhl)

         ENDIF

!         write(*,*) 'radardbz: ',db(1,1,1),temk(1,1,1),an(1,1,1,lr),an(1,1,1,ls),an(1,1,1,lh)


        ENDIF


!      cdx(lr) = 0.60

!

!      IF ( lh > 1 ) THEN

!      cdx(lh) = 0.8 ! 1.0 ! 0.45

!      cdx(ls) = 2.00

!      ENDIF

!

!      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) cdx(lhl) = 0.45

!

!      xvmn(lc) = xvcmn

!      xvmn(lr) = xvrmn

!

!      xvmx(lc) = xvcmx

!      xvmx(lr) = xvrmx

!

!      IF ( lh > 1 ) THEN

!      xvmn(ls) = xvsmn

!      xvmn(lh) = xvhmn

!      xvmx(ls) = xvsmx

!      xvmx(lh) = xvhmx

!      ENDIF

!

!      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

!      xvmn(lhl) = xvhlmn

!      xvmx(lhl) = xvhlmx

!      ENDIF

!

!      xdnmx(lr) = 1000.0

!      xdnmx(lc) = 1000.0

!      IF ( lh > 1 ) THEN

!      xdnmx(li) =  917.0

!      xdnmx(ls) =  300.0

!      xdnmx(lh) =  900.0

!      ENDIF

!      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) xdnmx(lhl) = 900.0

!!

!      xdnmn(:) = 900.0

!

!      xdnmn(lr) = 1000.0

!      xdnmn(lc) = 1000.0

!      IF ( lh > 1 ) THEN

!      xdnmn(li) =  100.0

!      xdnmn(ls) =  100.0

!      xdnmn(lh) =  hdnmn

!      ENDIF

!      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) xdnmn(lhl) = 500.0

!

!      xdn0(:) = 900.0

!

!      xdn0(lc) = 1000.0

!      xdn0(lr) = 1000.0

!      IF ( lh > 1 ) THEN

!      xdn0(li) = 900.0

!      xdn0(ls) = 100.0 ! 100.0

!      xdn0(lh) = hwdn1t ! (0.5)*(xdnmn(lh)+xdnmx(lh))

!      ENDIF

!      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) xdn0(lhl) = 800.0


!

!  slope intercepts

!

!      cnow  = 1.0e+08

!      cnoi  = 1.0e+08

!      cnoip = 1.0e+08

!      cnoir = 1.0e+08

!      cnor  = 8.0e+06

!      cnos  = 8.0e+06

!      cnogl = 4.0e+05

!      cnogm = 4.0e+05

!      cnogh = 4.0e+05

!      cnof  = 4.0e+05

!c      cnoh  = 4.0e+04

!      cnohl = 1.0e+03

!

!

!  density maximums and minimums

!

      rwdnmx = 1000.0

      cwdnmx = 1000.0

      cidnmx =  917.0

      xidnmx =  917.0

      swdnmx =  200.0

      gldnmx =  400.0

      gmdnmx =  600.0

      ghdnmx =  800.0

      fwdnmx =  900.0

      hwdnmx =  900.0

      hldnmx =  900.0

!

      rwdnmn = 1000.0

      cwdnmn = 1000.0

      xidnmn =  001.0

      cidnmn =  001.0

      swdnmn =  001.0

      gldnmn =  200.0

      gmdnmn =  400.0

      ghdnmn =  600.0

      fwdnmn =  700.0

      hwdnmn =  700.0

      hldnmn =  900.0


      gldn = (0.5)*(gldnmn+gldnmx)  ! 300.

      gmdn = (0.5)*(gmdnmn+gmdnmx)  ! 500.

      ghdn = (0.5)*(ghdnmn+ghdnmx)  ! 700.

      fwdn = (0.5)*(fwdnmn+fwdnmx)  ! 800.

      hldn = (0.5)*(hldnmn+hldnmx)  ! 900.


      cr1  = 7.2e+20

      cr2  = 7.295e+19

      hwdnsq = hwdn**2

      swdnsq = swdn**2

      rwdnsq = rwdn**2


      gldnsq = gldn**2

      gmdnsq = gmdn**2

      ghdnsq = ghdn**2

      fwdnsq = fwdn**2

      hldnsq = hldn**2


      dhmin = 0.005

      tfr   = 273.16

      tfrh  = tfr - 8.0

      zrc   = cr1*cnor

      reflectmin = 0.0

      kw_sq = 0.93

      dbzmax = dbzmin


      ihcnt=0


!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

!  Dielectric Factor  - Formulas implemented by Svetla Veleva

!                       following Battan, "Radar Meteorology" - p. 40

!  The result of these calculations is that the dielf numerator (ki_sq) without

!  the density ratio is  .2116 for hail if using 917 density and .25 for

!  snow if using 220 density.

!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

      const_ki_sn = 0.5 - (0.5-0.46)/(917.-220.)*(swdn-220.)

      const_ki_h  = 0.5 - (0.5-0.46)/(917.-220.)*(hwdn-220.)

      ki_sq_sn = (swdnsq/rwdnsq) * const_ki_sn**2

      ki_sq_h  = (hwdnsq/rwdnsq) * const_ki_h**2

      dielf_sn = ki_sq_sn / kw_sq

      dielf_h  = ki_sq_h  / kw_sq


!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

!  Use the next line if you want to hardwire dielf for dry hail for both dry

!  snow and dry hail.

!  This would be equivalent to what Straka had originally. (i.e, .21/.93)

!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

      dielf_sn = (swdnsq/rwdnsq)*.21/ kw_sq

      dielf_h  = (hwdnsq/rwdnsq)*.21/ kw_sq


      dielf_gl  = (gldnsq/rwdnsq)*.21/ kw_sq

      dielf_gm  = (gmdnsq/rwdnsq)*.21/ kw_sq

      dielf_gh  = (ghdnsq/rwdnsq)*.21/ kw_sq

      dielf_hl  = (hldnsq/rwdnsq)*.21/ kw_sq

      dielf_fw  = (fwdnsq/rwdnsq)*.21/ kw_sq


!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

!  Notes on dielectric factors  - from Eun-Kyoung Seo

!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

! constants for both snow and hail would be (x=s,h).....

!       xwdnsq/rwdnsq *0.21/kw_sq   ! Straka/Smith - the original

!       xwdnsq/rwdnsq *0.224        ! Ferrier - for particle sizes in equiv. drop diam

!       xwdnsq/rwdnsq *0.176/kw_sq  ! =0.189 in Smith - for particle sizes in equiv

!                       ice spheres

!       xwdnsq/rwdnsq *0.208/kw_sq  ! Smith 1984 - for particle sizes in equiv melted drop diameter

!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


! VIL algorithm constants

!      Ztop = 10.**(56./10)           !56 dbz is the max rf used by WATADS in cell vil


! Hail detection algorithm constants

!      ZL = 40.

!      ZU = 50.

!      Ho = 3400.  !WATADS Defaults

!      Hm20 = 6200.      !WATADS Defaults


!      DO kz = 1,Min(nzdbz,nz-1)


      DO jy=1,1


        DO kz = 1,ke_diag ! nz


          DO ix=1,nx

            dbz(ix,jy,kz) = 0.0


          vzsnow = 0.0

          vzrain = 0.0

          vzgraupel = 0.0

          vzhail = 0.0


          dtmph = 0.0

          dtmps = 0.0

          dtmphl = 0.0

          dtmpr = 0.0

           dadr = (db(ix,jy,kz)/(pi*rwdn*cnor))**(0.25)

!-----------------------------------------------------------------------

! Compute Rain Radar Reflectivity

!-----------------------------------------------------------------------


           dtmp(ix,kz) = 0.0

           gtmp(ix,kz) = 0.0

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lr) .ge. qrmin ) THEN

             IF ( ipconc .le. 2 ) THEN

               gtmp(ix,kz) = dadr*an(ix,jy,kz,lr)**(0.25)

               dtmp(ix,kz) = zrc*gtmp(ix,kz)**7

             ELSEIF ( lzr .gt. 1 ) THEN

               dtmp(ix,kz) = 1e18*an(ix,jy,kz,lzr)

             ELSEIF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) .gt. 1.e-3 ) THEN

               IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

                 vr = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lr)/(1000.*an(ix,jy,kz,lnr))

                 dtmp(ix,kz) = 3.6e18*(rnu+2.)*an(ix,jy,kz,lnr)*vr**2/(rnu+1.)

               ELSE ! imurain == 1

                g1 = (6.0 + alphar)*(5.0 + alphar)*(4.0 + alphar)/((3.0 + alphar)*(2.0 + alphar)*(1.0 + alphar))

                zx = g1*(db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lr))**2/an(ix,jy,kz,lnr)

                ze =1.e18*zx*(6./(pi*1000.))**2 ! note: using 1000. here for water density

                dtmp(ix,kz) = ze

               ENDIF

             ENDIF

             dtmpr = dtmp(ix,kz)

           ENDIF


!-----------------------------------------------------------------------

! Compute snow and graupel reflectivity

!

! Lou modified to look at parcel temperature rather than base state

!-----------------------------------------------------------------------


          IF( lhab .gt. lr ) THEN


!    qs2d   = reform(data[*,*,k,10],[nx*ny])

!    qh2d   = reform(data[*,*,k,11],[nx*ny])


!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

! Only use the following lines if running Straka GEMS microphysics

!  (Sam 1-d version modified by L Wicker does not use this)

!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

!    ;xcnoh    = cnoh*exp(-0.025*(temp-tfr))

!    ;xcnos    = cnos*exp(-0.038*(temp-tfr))

!    ;good = where(temp GT tfr, n_elements)

!    ;IF n_elements NE 0 THEN xcnoh(good) = cnoh*exp(-0.075*(temp(good)-tfr))

!    ;IF n_elements NE 0 THEN xcnos(good) = cnos*exp(-0.088*(temp(good)-tfr))


!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

! Only use the following lines if running Ferrier micro with No=No(T)

!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

!    ;  NOSE = -.15

!    ;  NOGE =  .0

!    ;  xcnoh = cnoh*(1.>exp(NOGE*(temp-tfr)) )

!    ;  xcnos = cnos*(1.>exp(NOSE*(temp-tfr)) )


!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

! Use the following lines if Nos and Noh are constant

!  (As in Svetla version of Ferrier, GCE Tao, and SAM 1-d)

!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

        xcnoh    = cnoh

        xcnos    = cnos


!

! Temporary fix for predicted number concentration -- need a

! more appropriate reflectivity equation!

!

!        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lns) .lt. 0.1 ) THEN

!         swdia = (xvrmn*cwc0)**(1./3.)

!         xcnos = an(ix,jy,kz,ls)*db(ix,jy,kz)/(xvrmn*swdn*swdia)

!        ELSE

!      ! changed back to diameter of mean volume!!!

!         swdia =

!     >  (an(ix,jy,kz,ls)*db(ix,jy,kz)

!     > /(pi*swdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lns)))**(1./3.)

!

!        xcnos = an(ix,jy,kz,lns)/swdia

!        ENDIF


        IF ( ls .gt. 1 ) THEN ! {


        IF ( lvs .gt. 1 ) THEN

          IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

            swdn = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvs)

            swdn = min( 300., max( 100., swdn ) )

          ELSE

            swdn = swdn0

          ENDIF


        ENDIF


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN ! {


        xvs = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)/  &

     &      (swdn*max(1.0e-3,an(ix,jy,kz,lns)))

        IF ( xvs .lt. xvsmn .or. xvs .gt. xvsmx ) THEN

          xvs = min( xvsmx, max( xvsmn,xvs ) )

          csw = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)/(xvs*swdn)

        ENDIF


         swdia = (xvs*cwc0)**(1./3.)

         xcnos = an(ix,jy,kz,ls)*db(ix,jy,kz)/(xvs*swdn*swdia)


         ENDIF ! }

         ENDIF  ! }


!        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) .lt. 0.1 ) THEN

!         hwdia = (xvrmn*cwc0)**(1./3.)

!         xcnoh = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)*db(ix,jy,kz)/(xvrmn*hwdn*hwdia)

!        ELSE

!      ! changed back to diameter of mean volume!!!

!         hwdia =

!     >  (an(ix,jy,kz,lh)*db(ix,jy,kz)

!     > /(pi*hwdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)))**(1./3.)

!

!         xcnoh = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)/hwdia

!        ENDIF


        IF ( lh .gt. 1 ) THEN ! {


        IF ( lvh .gt. 1 ) THEN

          IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

            hwdn = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

            hwdn = min( 900., max( hdnmn, hwdn ) )

          ELSE

            hwdn = 500. ! hwdn1t

          ENDIF

        ELSE

          hwdn = hwdn1t

        ENDIF


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN ! {


        xvh = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/       &

     &      (hwdn*max(1.0e-3,an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)))

        IF ( xvh .lt. xvhmn .or. xvh .gt. xvhmx ) THEN

          xvh = min( xvhmx, max( xvhmn,xvh ) )

          chw = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/(xvh*hwdn)

        ENDIF


         hwdia = (xvh*cwc0)**(1./3.)

         xcnoh = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)*db(ix,jy,kz)/(xvh*hwdn*hwdia)


        ENDIF ! } ipconc .ge. 5


        ENDIF ! }


        dadh = 0.0

        dadhl = 0.0

        dads = 0.0

        IF ( xcnoh .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          dadh = ( db(ix,jy,kz) /(pi*hwdn*xcnoh) )**(.25)

          zhdryc = 0.224*cr2*(db(ix,jy,kz)/rwdn)**2/xcnoh ! dielf_h*cr1*xcnoh          ! SV - equiv formula as before but

                                        ! ratio of densities included in

                                        ! dielf_h rather than here following

                                        ! Battan.

        ELSE

          dadh = 0.0

          zhdryc = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( xcnos .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          dads = ( db(ix,jy,kz) /(pi*swdn*xcnos) )**(.25)

          zsdryc = 0.224*cr2*(db(ix,jy,kz)/rwdn)**2/xcnos ! dielf_sn*cr1*xcnos         ! SV - similar change as above

        ELSE

          dads = 0.0

          zsdryc = 0.0

        ENDIF

        zhwetc = zhdryc ! cr1*xcnoh      !Hail/graupel version with .95 power bug removed

        zswetc = zsdryc ! cr1*xcnos

!

! snow contribution

!

          IF ( ls .gt. 1 ) THEN


          gtmp(ix,kz) = 0.0

          qxw = 0.0

          qxw1 = 0.0

          dtmps = 0.0

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,ls) .ge. qsmin ) THEN !{

            IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN  ! (Ferrier 94) !{


             if (lsw .gt. 1) THEN

               qxw = an(ix,jy,kz,lsw)

               qxw1 = 0.0

             ELSEIF ( ( iusewetsnow == 1 .or. iusewetsnow == 3) .and. temk(ix,jy,kz) .gt. tfr+1. &

     &                  .and. an(ix,jy,kz,ls) > an(ix,jy,kz,lr) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lr) > qsmin) THEN

               qxw = min(0.5*an(ix,jy,kz,ls), an(ix,jy,kz,lr))

               qxw1 = qxw

             ENDIF


             vr = xvs ! db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lr)/(1000.*an(ix,jy,kz,lnr))

!             gtmp(ix,kz) = 3.6e18*(0.243*rhos**2/0.93)*(snu+2.)*an(ix,jy,kz,lns)*vr**2/(snu+1.)


             ksq = 0.189 ! Smith (1984, JAMC) for equiv. ice sphere

             IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lns) .gt. 1.e-7 ) THEN

     !          IF ( .true. ) THEN

               IF ( qxw > qsmin .or. iusewetsnow >= 2 ) THEN ! old version

!                gtmp(ix,kz) = 3.6e18*(snu+2.)*( 0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,ls) + 0.776*qxw)*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)/ &

!     &              (an(ix,jy,kz,lns)*(snu+1.)*rwdn**2)*db(ix,jy,kz)**2

                gtmp(ix,kz) = 3.6e18*(snu+2.)*( 0.224*(an(ix,jy,kz,ls)+qxw1) + 0.776*qxw)*(an(ix,jy,kz,ls)+qxw1)/ &

     &              (an(ix,jy,kz,lns)*(snu+1.)*rwdn**2)*db(ix,jy,kz)**2


               ELSE ! new form using a mass relationship m = p d^2 (instead of d^3 -- Cox 1988 QJRMS) so that density depends on size

                    ! p = 0.106214 for m = p v^(2/3)

                 dnsnow = 0.0346159*sqrt(an(ix,jy,kz,lns)/(an(ix,jy,kz,ls)*db(ix,jy,kz)) )

                 IF ( .true. .or. dnsnow < 900. ) THEN

                  gtmp(ix,kz) = 1.e18*323.3226* 0.106214**2*(ksq*an(ix,jy,kz,ls) + &

     &             (1.-ksq)*qxw)*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)*db(ix,jy,kz)**2*gsnow73/         &

     &                   (an(ix,jy,kz,lns)*(917.)**2* gsnow1*(1.0+snu)**(4./3.))

                 ELSE ! otherwise small enough to assume ice spheres?

                  gtmp(ix,kz) = (36./pi**2) * 1.e18*(snu+2.)*( 0.224*(an(ix,jy,kz,ls)+qxw1) + 0.776*qxw)*(an(ix,jy,kz,ls)+qxw1)/ &

     &              (an(ix,jy,kz,lns)*(snu+1.)*rwdn**2)*db(ix,jy,kz)**2

                 ENDIF


               ENDIF


             ENDIF


!             tmp = Min(1.0,1.e3*(an(ix,jy,kz,ls))*db(ix,jy,kz))

!             gtmp(ix,kz) = Max( 1.0*gtmp(ix,kz), 750.0*(tmp)**1.98)

             dtmps = gtmp(ix,kz)

             dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) + gtmp(ix,kz)

            ELSE ! }{ single-moment snow:

             gtmp(ix,kz) = dads*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)**(0.25)


             IF ( gtmp(ix,kz) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN !{

             dtmps = zsdryc*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)

             IF ( temk(ix,jy,kz) .lt. tfr ) THEN

               dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) +          &

     &                   zsdryc*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)

             ELSE

               dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) +          &

     &                  zswetc*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)

             ENDIF

             ENDIF !}

            ENDIF !}


           ENDIF !}


           ENDIF


!

! ice crystal contribution (Heymsfield, 1977, JAS)

!

         IF ( li .gt. 1 .and. idbzci .ne. 0 ) THEN


           IF ( idbzci == 1 .and. lni > 0 ) THEN

          ! assume spherical ice with density of 900 for dbz calc

            IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,li) > qxmin(li) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lni) > 1.0 ) THEN

                 vr = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,li)/(900.*an(ix,jy,kz,lni))

                 dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) +  &

     &                 0.224*3.6e18*(cinu+2.)*an(ix,jy,kz,lni)*vr**2/(cinu+1.)*(900./1000.)**2

            ENDIF


          ELSEIF ( idbzci == 2 ) THEN

!

! ice crystal contribution (Heymsfield, 1977, JAS)

!

         gtmp(ix,kz) = 0.0

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,li) .ge. 0.1e-3 ) THEN

             gtmp(ix,kz) = min(1.0,1.e3*(an(ix,jy,kz,li))*db(ix,jy,kz))

             dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) + 750.0*(gtmp(ix,kz))**1.98

           ENDIF


          ENDIF


        ENDIF


!

! graupel/hail contribution

!

         IF ( lh .gt. 1 ) THEN ! {

           gtmp(ix,kz) = 0.0

           dtmph = 0.0

           qxw = 0.0


          IF ( izieg .ge. 1 .and. ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


           ltest = .false.

           IF ( lzh > 1 ) THEN

             IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) > 0.0 .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lh) > qhmin .and. &

                  an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) >= cxmin ) ltest = .true.

           ENDIF


           IF ( ltest .or. (an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .ge. qhmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) .ge. cxmin )) THEN


            IF ( lvh .gt. 1 ) THEN


             IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

               hwdn = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

               hwdn = min( 900., max( 100., hwdn ) )

              ELSE

               hwdn = 500. ! hwdn1t

              ENDIF


             ENDIF


             chw = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)

            IF ( chw .gt. 0.0 ) THEN                                         ! (Ferrier 94)

             xvh = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/(hwdn*max(1.0e-3,chw))

             IF ( xvh .lt. xvhmn .or. xvh .gt. xvhmx ) THEN

              xvh = min( xvhmx, max( xvhmn,xvh ) )

              chw = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/(xvh*hwdn)

             ENDIF


             qh = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)


             IF ( lhw .gt. 1 ) THEN

               IF ( iusewetgraupel .eq. 1 ) THEN

                  qxw = an(ix,jy,kz,lhw)

               ELSEIF ( iusewetgraupel .eq. 2 ) THEN

                  IF ( hwdn .lt. 300. ) THEN

                    qxw = an(ix,jy,kz,lhw)

                  ENDIF

               ENDIF

             ELSEIF ( iusewetgraupel .eq. 3 ) THEN

                  IF ( hwdn .lt. 300. .and. temk(ix,jy,kz) > tfr .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lr) > qhmin ) THEN

                    qxw = min( an(ix,jy,kz,lh), an(ix,jy,kz,lr))

                    qh = qh + qxw

                  ENDIF

             ELSEIF ( iusewetgraupel == 4 .and. temk(ix,jy,kz) .gt. tfr+0.25 .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lh) > an(ix,jy,kz,lr) &

     &              .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lr) > qhmin) THEN

               qxw = min(0.5*an(ix,jy,kz,lh), an(ix,jy,kz,lr))

               qh = qh + qxw


             ENDIF


             IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN

              x = (0.224*qh +  0.776*qxw)/an(ix,jy,kz,lh)  ! weighted average of dielectric const

              dtmph = 1.e18*x*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)*(hwdn/rwdn)**2

              dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) + dtmph

             ELSE

             g1 = (6.0 + alphah)*(5.0 + alphah)*(4.0 + alphah)/((3.0 + alphah)*(2.0 + alphah)*(1.0 + alphah))

!             zx = g1*(db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh))**2/chw

!             ze = 0.224*1.e18*zx*(6./(pi*1000.))**2

             zx = g1*db(ix,jy,kz)**2*( 0.224*qh + 0.776*qxw)*qh/chw

             ze =1.e18*zx*(6./(pi*1000.))**2

             dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) + ze

             dtmph = ze

             ENDIF


            ENDIF


        !     IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .gt. 1.0e-3 ) write(0,*)  'Graupel Z : ',dtmph,ze

           ENDIF


          ELSE


          dtmph = 0.0


           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .ge. qhmin ) THEN

             gtmp(ix,kz) = dadh*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)**(0.25)

             IF ( gtmp(ix,kz) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

             dtmph =  zhdryc*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)

             IF ( temk(ix,jy,kz) .lt. tfr ) THEN

               dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) +                   &

     &                  zhdryc*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)

             ELSE

!               IF ( hwdn .gt. 700.0 ) THEN

                 dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) +                   &

     &                  zhdryc*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)

!

!     &                               (zhwetc*gtmp(ix,kz)**7)**0.95

!               ELSE

!                 dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) + zhwetc*gtmp(ix,kz)**7

!               ENDIF

             ENDIF

             ENDIF

           ENDIF


          ENDIF


          ENDIF ! }


          ENDIF ! na .gt. 5


        IF ( izieg .ge. 1 .and. lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


        hldn = 900.0

        gtmp(ix,kz) = 0.0

        dtmphl = 0.0

        qxw = 0.0


        IF ( lvhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

          IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

            hldn = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

            hldn = min( 900., max( 300., hldn ) )

          ELSE

            hldn = 900.

          ENDIF

        ELSE

          hldn = rho_qhl

        ENDIF


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


           ltest = .false.

           IF ( lzhl > 1 ) THEN

             IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) > 0.0 .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) > qhlmin .and. &

                  an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) > 0.0 ) ltest = .true.

           ENDIF


          IF ( ltest .or. ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) .ge. qhlmin .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) .gt. 0.) ) THEN !{

            chl = an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)

            IF ( chl .gt. 0.0 ) THEN !{

             xvhl = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/         &

     &        (hldn*max(1.0e-9,an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)))

            IF ( xvhl .lt. xvhlmn .or. xvhl .gt. xvhlmx ) THEN ! {

              xvhl = min( xvhlmx, max( xvhlmn,xvhl ) )

              chl = db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/(xvhl*hldn)

              ! do not update state in dbz calc. ! an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) = chl

            ENDIF ! }


             IF ( lhlw .gt. 1 ) THEN

               IF ( iusewethail .eq. 1 ) THEN

                  qxw = an(ix,jy,kz,lhlw)

               ELSEIF ( iusewethail .eq. 2 ) THEN

                  IF ( hldn .lt. 300. ) THEN

                    qxw = an(ix,jy,kz,lhlw)

                  ENDIF

               ENDIF

             ENDIF


             IF ( lzhl .gt. 1 ) THEN !{

              x = (0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) +  0.776*qxw)/an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)  ! weighted average of dielectric const

              dtmphl = 1.e18*x*an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl)*(hldn/rwdn)**2

              dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) + dtmphl

             ELSE !}


             g1 = (6.0 + alphahl)*(5.0 + alphahl)*(4.0 + alphahl)/((3.0 + alphahl)*(2.0 + alphahl)*(1.0 + alphahl))

             zx = g1*db(ix,jy,kz)**2*( 0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) + 0.776*qxw)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/chl

!             zx = g1*(db(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl))**2/chl

             ze = 1.e18*zx*(6./(pi*1000.))**2 ! 3/28/2016 removed extra factor of 0.224

             dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) + ze

             dtmphl = ze


             ENDIF !}

            endif!}

        !     IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .gt. 1.0e-3 ) write(0,*)  'Graupel Z : ',dtmph,ze

           ENDIF


          ELSE


           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) .ge. qhlmin ) THEN ! {

            dadhl = ( db(ix,jy,kz) /(pi*hldn*cnohl) )**(.25)

             gtmp(ix,kz) = dadhl*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)**(0.25)

             IF ( gtmp(ix,kz) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN ! {


              zhldryc = 0.224*cr2*( db(ix,jy,kz)/rwdn)**2/cnohl


             dtmphl =  zhldryc*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)


             IF ( temk(ix,jy,kz) .lt. tfr ) THEN

               dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) +                   &

     &                  zhldryc*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)

             ELSE

!               IF ( hwdn .gt. 700.0 ) THEN

                 dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) +                   &

     &                  zhldryc*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)**2/gtmp(ix,kz)

!

!     :                               (zhwetc*gtmp(ix,kz)**7)**0.95

!               ELSE

!                 dtmp(ix,kz) = dtmp(ix,kz) + zhwetc*gtmp(ix,kz)**7

!               ENDIF

             ENDIF

             ENDIF ! }


           ENDIF ! }


         ENDIF ! ipconc .ge. 5


        ENDIF ! izieg .ge. 1 .and. lhl .gt. 1


          IF ( dtmp(ix,kz) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

            dbz(ix,jy,kz) = max(dbzmin, 10.0*log10(dtmp(ix,kz)) )


            IF ( dbz(ix,jy,kz) .gt. dbzmax ) THEN

              dbzmax = max(dbzmax,dbz(ix,jy,kz))

              imx = ix

              jmx = jy

              kmx = kz

            ENDIF

          ELSE

             dbz(ix,jy,kz) = dbzmin

             IF ( lh > 1 .and. lhl > 1) THEN

               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) > 1.0e-3 ) THEN

                 write(0,*) 'radardbz: qr,qh,qhl = ',an(ix,jy,kz,lr), an(ix,jy,kz,lh),an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)

                 write(0,*) 'radardbz: dtmps,dtmph,dadh,dadhl,dtmphl = ',dtmps,dtmph,dadh,dadhl,dtmphl


                 IF ( lzh>1 .and. lzhl>1 ) write(0,*) 'radardbz: zh, zhl = ',an(ix,jy,kz,lzh),an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl)

               ENDIF

             ENDIF

          ENDIF


!         IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .gt. 1.e-4 .and.

!     &        dbz(ix,jy,kz) .le. 0.0 ) THEN

!          write(0,*) 'dbz = ',dbz(ix,jy,kz)

!          write(0,*) 'Hail intercept: ',xcnoh,ix,kz

!          write(0,*) 'Hail,snow q: ',an(ix,jy,kz,lh),an(ix,jy,kz,ls)

!          write(0,*) 'Hail,snow c: ',an(ix,jy,kz,lnh),an(ix,jy,kz,lns)

!          write(0,*) 'dtmps,dtmph = ',dtmps,dtmph

!         ENDIF

        IF ( .not. dtmp(ix,kz) .lt. 1.e30 .or. dbz(ix,jy,kz) > 190.0 ) THEN

!        IF ( ix == 31 .and. kz == 20 .and. jy == 23 ) THEN

!          write(0,*) 'my_rank = ',my_rank

          write(0,*) 'ix,jy,kz = ',ix,jy,kz

          write(0,*) 'dbz = ',dbz(ix,jy,kz)

          write(0,*) 'db, zhdryc = ',db(ix,jy,kz),zhdryc

          write(0,*) 'Hail intercept: ',xcnoh,ix,kz

          write(0,*) 'Hail,snow q: ',an(ix,jy,kz,lh),an(ix,jy,kz,ls)

          write(0,*) 'graupel density hwdn = ',hwdn

          write(0,*) 'rain q: ',an(ix,jy,kz,lr)

          write(0,*) 'ice q: ',an(ix,jy,kz,li)

          IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) write(0,*) 'Hail (lhl): ',an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)

          IF (ipconc .ge. 3 ) write(0,*) 'rain c: ',an(ix,jy,kz,lnr)

          IF ( lzr > 1 ) write(0,*) 'rain Z: ',an(ix,jy,kz,lzr)

          IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN

          write(0,*) 'Hail,snow c: ',an(ix,jy,kz,lnh),an(ix,jy,kz,lns)

          IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) write(0,*) 'Hail (lnhl): ',an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)

          IF ( lzhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

            write(0,*) 'Hail (lzhl): ',an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl)

            write(0,*) 'chl,xvhl,dhl = ',chl,xvhl,(xvhl*6./3.14159)**(1./3.)

            write(0,*) 'xvhlmn,xvhlmx = ',xvhlmn,xvhlmx

          ENDIF

          ENDIF

          write(0,*) 'chw,xvh = ', chw,xvh

          write(0,*) 'dtmps,dtmph,dadh,dadhl,dtmphl = ',dtmps,dtmph,dadh,dadhl,dtmphl

          write(0,*) 'dtmpr = ',dtmpr

          write(0,*) 'gtmp = ',gtmp(ix,kz),dtmp(ix,kz)

          IF ( .not. (dbz(ix,jy,kz) .gt. -100 .and. dbz(ix,jy,kz) .lt. 200 ) ) THEN

            write(0,*) 'dbz out of bounds!'

          ENDIF

         ENDIF


          ENDDO ! ix

         ENDDO ! kz

      ENDDO ! jy


!      write(0,*)  'na,lr = ',na,lr

      IF ( printyn .eq. 1 ) THEN

!      IF ( dbzmax .gt. dbzmin ) THEN

        write(iunit,*) 'maxdbz,ijk = ',dbzmax,imx,jmx,kmx

        write(iunit,*) 'qrw = ',an(imx,jmx,kmx,lr)


        IF ( lh .gt. 1 ) THEN

          write(iunit,*) 'qi  = ',an(imx,jmx,kmx,li)

          write(iunit,*) 'qsw = ',an(imx,jmx,kmx,ls)

          write(iunit,*) 'qhw = ',an(imx,jmx,kmx,lh)

          IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) write(iunit,*) 'qhl = ',an(imx,jmx,kmx,lhl)

        ENDIF


      ENDIF


      RETURN

      END subroutine radardd02


! ##############################################################################

! ##############################################################################


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################

!

! Subroutine for explicit cloud condensation and droplet nucleation

!

! 11/30/2022: Fixed droplet evaporation heating term for CM1 eqtset=2 (was only doing eqtset=1)

!

   SUBROUTINE nucond    &

     &  (nx,ny,nz,na,jyslab &

     &  ,nor,norz,dtp,nxi &

     &  ,dz3d &

     &  ,t0,t9 &

     &  ,an,dn,p2 &

     &  ,pn,w &

     &  ,ngs   &

     &  ,axtra,io_flag &

     &  ,ssfilt,t00,t77,flag_qndrop  &

     & )


   implicit none


!      real :: cwmasn = 1000.*0.523599*(2.*2.e-6)**3

      integer :: nx,ny,nz,na,nxi

      integer :: nor,norz, jyslab ! ,nht,ngt,igsr

      real    :: dtp  ! time step

      logical :: flag_qndrop


      integer, parameter :: ng1 = 1


!

! external temporary arrays

!

      real t00(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real t77(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


      real t0(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real t1(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real t2(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real t3(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real t4(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real t5(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real t6(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real t7(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real t8(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real t9(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


      real p2(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)  ! perturbation Pi

      real pn(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real an(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz,na)

      real dn(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


      real w(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

!      real qv(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


      real ssfilt(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


      real pb(-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real pinit(-norz+ng1:nz+norz)


      real dz3d(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


    ! local


      real axtra(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz,nxtra)

      logical :: io_flag


      real :: dv

      real :: ccnefactwo, sstmp, cn1, cnuctmp


!

!  declarations microphysics and for gather/scatter

!

      real, parameter :: cwmas30 = 1000.*0.523599*(2.*30.e-6)**3 ! mass of 30-micron radius droplet, for sat. adj.

      real, parameter :: cwmas20 = 1000.*0.523599*(2.*20.e-6)**3 ! mass of 20-micron radius droplet, for sat. adj.

      integer nxmpb,nzmpb,nxz

      integer mgs,ngs,numgs,inumgs

      integer ngscnt,igs(ngs),kgs(ngs)

      integer kgsp(ngs),kgsm(ngs)

      integer nsvcnt


      integer ix,kz,i,n, kp1, km1

      integer :: jy, jgs

      integer ixb,ixe,jyb,jye,kzb,kze


      integer itile,jtile,ktile

      integer ixend,jyend,kzend,kzbeg

      integer nxend,nyend,nzend,nzbeg


!

! Variables for Ziegler warm rain microphysics

!


      real ccnc(ngs), ccna(ngs), cnuc(ngs), cwnccn(ngs), ccnaco(ngs), ccnanu(ngs)

      real :: ccnc_nu(ngs), ccnc_ac(ngs), ccnc_co(ngs)

      real ccncuf(ngs)

      real sscb  ! 'cloud base' SS threshold

      parameter( sscb = 2.0 )

      integer idecss  ! flag to turn on (=1) decay of ssmax when no cloud or ice crystals

      parameter( idecss = 1 )

      integer iba ! flag to do condensation/nucleation in 1st or 2nd loop

                  ! =0 to use ad to calculate SS

                  ! =1 to use an at end of main jy loop to calculate SS

      parameter(iba = 1)

      integer ifilt   ! =1 to filter ssat, =0 to set ssfilt=ssat

      parameter( ifilt = 0 )

      real temp1,temp2 ! ,ssold

      real :: ssmax(ngs)      ! maximum SS experienced by a parcel

      real ssmx

      real dnnet,dqnet

!      real cnu,rnu,snu,cinu

!      parameter ( cnu = 0.0, rnu = -0.8, snu = -0.8, cinu = 0.0 )

      real ventrx(ngs)

      real ventrxn(ngs)

      real volb, t2s

      real, parameter :: aa1 = 9.44e15, aa2 = 5.78e3  ! a1 in Ziegler


      real rhoinv(ngs)


      real chw, g1, rd1


      real ac1,bc, taus, c1,d1,e1,f1,p380,tmp,tmp2 ! , sstdy, super

      real tmpmx, fw, qctmp

      real x,y,del,r,alpr

      double precision :: vent1,vent2

      real g1palp

      real bs

      real v1, v2

      real d1r, d1i, d1s, e1i

      integer nc ! condensation step

      real dtcon,dtcon1,dtcon2 ! condensation time step (dtcon*nc = dtp)

      real delta

      integer ltemq1,ltemq1m ! ,ltemq1m2

      real dqv,qv1,ss1,ss2,qvs1,dqvs,dtemp,dt1   ! temporaries for condensation


      real ssi1, ssi2, dqvi, dqvis, dqvii,qis1

      real dqvr, dqc, dqr, dqi, dqs

      real qv1m,qvs1m,ss1m,ssi1m,qis1m

      real cwmastmp

      real  dcloud,dcloud2 ! ,as, bs

      real dcrit

      real cn(ngs), cnuf(ngs)

      real :: ccwmax


      integer ltemq


      integer il


      real  es(ngs) ! ss(ngs),

!      real  eis(ngs)

      real ssf(ngs),ssfkp1(ngs),ssfkm1(ngs),ssat0(ngs)

      real, parameter :: ssfcut = 4.0

      real ssfjp1(ngs),ssfjm1(ngs)

      real ssfip1(ngs),ssfim1(ngs)


      real supcb, supmx

      parameter(supcb=0.5,supmx=238.0)

      real r2dxm, r2dym, r2dzm

      real dssdz, dssdy, dssdx

!      real tqvcon

      real epsi,d

      parameter(epsi = 0.622, d = 0.266)

      real r1,qevap ! ,slv


      real vr,nrx,qr,z1,z2,rdi,alp,xnutmp,xnuc

      real ctmp, ccwtmp

      real f5, qvs0  ! Kessler condensation factor

      real    :: t0p1, t0p3

      real qvex


!      real, dimension(ngs) :: temp, tempc, elv, elf, els, pqs, theta, temg, temcg

      real dqvcnd(ngs),dqwv(ngs),dqcw(ngs),dqci(ngs)

      real temp(ngs),tempc(ngs)

      real temg(ngs),temcg(ngs),theta(ngs),qvap(ngs) ! ,tembzg(ngs)

      real temgx(ngs),temcgx(ngs)

      real qvs(ngs),qis(ngs),qss(ngs),pqs(ngs)

      real felv(ngs),felf(ngs),fels(ngs)

      real felvcp(ngs),felvpi(ngs)

      real gamw(ngs),gams(ngs)   !   qciavl(ngs),

      real tsqr(ngs),ssi(ngs),ssw(ngs)

      real cc3(ngs),cqv1(ngs),cqv2(ngs)

      real qcwtmp(ngs),qtmp


      real fvent(ngs) !,fraci(ngs),fracl(ngs)

      real fwvdf(ngs),ftka(ngs),fthdf(ngs)

      real fadvisc(ngs),fakvisc(ngs)

      real fci(ngs),fcw(ngs)

      real fschm(ngs),fpndl(ngs)


      real pres(ngs),pipert(ngs)

      real pk(ngs)

      real rho0(ngs),pi0(ngs)

      real rhovt(ngs)

      real thetap(ngs),theta0(ngs),qwvp(ngs),qv0(ngs)

      real thsave(ngs)

      real qss0(ngs)

      real fcqv1(ngs)

      real wvel(ngs),wvelkm1(ngs)


      real wvdf(ngs),tka(ngs)

      real advisc(ngs)


      real rwvent(ngs)


      real :: qx(ngs,lv:lhab)

      real :: cx(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: xv(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: xmas(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: xdn(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: xdia(ngs,lc:lhab,3)

      real :: alpha(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real :: zx(ngs,lr:lhab)


      logical zerocx(lc:lqmx)


      logical :: lprint


      integer, parameter :: iunit = 0


      real :: frac, hwdn, tmpg, xdia1, xdia3, cwch,xvol


      real :: cvm,cpm,rmm


      real, parameter ::      cpv = 1885.0       ! specific heat of water vapor at constant pressure

      real, parameter ::      mair = 0.0284        ! MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF 'AIR' (KG/MOL)


      integer :: kstag


      integer :: count


!     Addtion T.Iguchi Y2021 Update

      real, parameter :: mwwater = 0.01801528  ! Molecular weight of water (kg/mol)

      real, parameter :: rhowater = 997.0  ! Density of liquid water (kg/m3)

      real, parameter :: gasconst = 8.3144598   ! Gas constant (m2 kg s-2 K-1 mol-1)

      real :: sswater  ! unit change supersaturation from percentage to n/a

      real :: sigvl, aact


      real :: alpha_ar, gamma_ar, g_ar, evs, zeta, smax

      real :: f_ac, g_ac, eta_ac

      real :: f_nu, g_nu, eta_nu

      real :: f_co, g_co, eta_co


      real :: sm_nu, sm_ac, sm_co, ss_ac, ss_nu, ss_co

      real :: uu_nu, uu_ac, uu_co


      real :: cn_ac, cn_co, cn_nu


! -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

      itile = nxi

      jtile = ny

      ktile = nz

      ixend = nxi

      jyend = ny

      kzend = nz

      nxend = nxi + 1

      nyend = ny + 1

      nzend = nz

      kzbeg = 1

      nzbeg = 1


      IF ( ac_opt > 0 )  ccnefactwo =  (1.63e-3/(cck * beta(3./2., cck/2.)))**(1.0/(cck + 2.0))

      f5 = 237.3 * 17.27 * 2.5e6 / cp ! combined constants for rain condensation (Soong and Ogura 73)


       jy = 1

       kstag = 0

       pb(:) = 0.0

       pinit(:) = 0.0


      IF ( ipconc <= 1 .or. isedonly == 2 ) GOTO 2200


!

!  Ziegler nucleation

!


!      ssfilt(:,:,:) = 0.0

      ssmx = 0

      count = 0


      do kz = 1,nz-kstag

        do ix = 1,nxi


         temp1 = an(ix,jy,kz,lt)*t77(ix,jy,kz)

          t0(ix,jy,kz) = temp1

          ltemq = int( (temp1-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


!          c1 = t00(ix,jy,kz)*tabqvs(ltemq)

          IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

            c1 = t00(ix,jy,kz)*tabqvs(ltemq)

          ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

            c1 = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pn(ix,jy,kz) + pb(kz) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

          ENDIF


          IF ( c1 > 0. ) THEN

            ssfilt(ix,jy,kz) = 100.*(an(ix,jy,kz,lv)/c1 - 1.0)  ! from "new" values

          ELSE

            ssfilt(ix,jy,kz) = -100.

          ENDIF


        ENDDO

      ENDDO


!

!     jy = 1 ! working on a 2d slab

!!  VERY IMPORTANT:  SET jgs = jy


      jgs = jy


!

!..Gather microphysics

!

      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR: Gather stage'


      nxmpb = 1

      nzmpb = 1

      nxz = nxi*nz

      numgs = nxz/ngs + 1


      do 2000 inumgs = 1,numgs


      ngscnt = 0


      kzb = nzmpb

      kze = nz-kstag

 !     if (kzbeg .le. nzmpb .and. kzend .gt. nzmpb) kzb = nzmpb


      ixb = nxmpb

      ixe = itile


      do kz = kzb,kze

      do ix = nxmpb,nxi


      pres(1) = pn(ix,jy,kz) + pb(kz)

      pqs(1) = 380.0/(pn(ix,jy,kz) + pb(kz))

      theta(1) = an(ix,jy,kz,lt)

      temg(1) = t0(ix,jy,kz)


      temcg(1) = temg(1) - tfr

      ltemq = (temg(1)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

      ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )

     ! qvs(1) = pqs(1)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        qvs(1) = pqs(1)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

        qvs(1) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(1) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF

      qis(1) = pqs(1)*tabqis(ltemq)


      qss(1) = qvs(1)


      if ( temg(1) .lt. tfr ) then

      end if

!

      if ( (temg(1) .gt. tfrh .or. an(ix,jy,kz,lv)/qvs(1) > maxlowtempss ) .and.  &

     &   ( an(ix,jy,kz,lv)  .gt. qss(1) .or. &

     &     an(ix,jy,kz,lc)  .gt. qxmin(lc)   .or.  &

     &     ( an(ix,jy,kz,lr)  .gt. qxmin(lr) .and. rcond == 2 )  &

     &     )) then

      ngscnt = ngscnt + 1

      igs(ngscnt) = ix

      kgs(ngscnt) = kz

      if ( ngscnt .eq. ngs ) goto 2100

      end if


      end do  !ix


      nxmpb = 1

      end do  !kz

!      if ( jy .eq. (ny-jstag) ) iend = 1

 2100 continue


      if ( ngscnt .eq. 0 ) go to 29998


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR: dbg = 8'


!      write(0,*) 'NUCOND: dbg = 8, ngscnt,ssmx = ',ngscnt,ssmx


      qx(:,:) = 0.0

      cx(:,:) = 0.0

      zx(:,:) = 0.0


      xv(:,:) = 0.0

      xmas(:,:) = 0.0


      IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

        alpha(:,lr) = alphar

      ELSEIF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

        alpha(:,lr) = xnu(lr)

      ENDIF


!

!  define temporaries for state variables to be used in calculations

!

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qx(mgs,lv) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lv)

       DO il = lc,lhab

        qx(mgs,il) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),il), 0.0)

       ENDDO


       qcwtmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lc)


      theta0(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lt) !

      thetap(mgs) = 0.0

      theta(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lt)

      qv0(mgs) =  qx(mgs,lv)

      qwvp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lv) - qv0(mgs)


       pres(mgs) = pn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) + pb(kgs(mgs))

       pipert(mgs) = p2(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

       rho0(mgs) = dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

       rhoinv(mgs) = 1.0/rho0(mgs)

       rhovt(mgs) = sqrt(rho00/rho0(mgs))

       pi0(mgs) = p2(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) + pinit(kgs(mgs))

       temg(mgs) = t0(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

!       pk(mgs) = t77(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

       pk(mgs)   = p2(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) + pinit(kgs(mgs)) ! t77(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

       temcg(mgs) = temg(mgs) - tfr

       qss0(mgs) = (380.0)/(pres(mgs))

       pqs(mgs) = (380.0)/(pres(mgs))

       ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

       ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )

!       qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

       IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

         qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

       ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

         qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

       ENDIF

       qis(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqis(ltemq)

!

        qvap(mgs) = max( (qwvp(mgs) + qv0(mgs)), 0.0 )

        IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

          es(mgs) = 6.1078e2*tabqvs(ltemq)

        ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

          es(mgs) = esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)

        ENDIF

!        es(mgs) = 6.1078e2*tabqvs(ltemq)

        qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)


        temgx(mgs) = min(temg(mgs),313.15)

        temgx(mgs) = max(temgx(mgs),233.15)

        felv(mgs) = 2500837.367 * (273.15/temgx(mgs))**((0.167)+(3.67e-4)*temgx(mgs))

!

        IF ( eqtset <= 1 ) THEN

          felvcp(mgs) = felv(mgs)*cpi

        ELSE ! equation set 2 in cm1

          tmp = qx(mgs,li)+qx(mgs,ls)+qx(mgs,lh)

          IF ( lhl > 1 ) tmp = tmp + qx(mgs,lhl)

          IF ( lf > 1 ) tmp = tmp + qx(mgs,lf)

          cvm = cv+cvv*qx(mgs,lv)+cpl*(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr))   &

                                  +cpigb*(tmp)

          cpm = cp+cpv*qx(mgs,lv)+cpl*(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr))   &

                                  +cpigb*(tmp)

          rmm=rd+rw*qx(mgs,lv)


          IF ( eqtset == 2 ) THEN


           felvcp(mgs) = (felv(mgs)-rw*temg(mgs))/cvm


          ELSE

            felvcp(mgs) = (felv(mgs)*cv/(cp) - rw*temg(mgs)*(1.0-rovcp*cpm/rmm))/cvm

            felvpi(mgs) = pi0(mgs)*rovcp*(felv(mgs)/(temg(mgs)) - rw*cpm/rmm)/cvm

          ENDIF


        ENDIF


        temcgx(mgs) = min(temg(mgs),273.15)

        temcgx(mgs) = max(temcgx(mgs),223.15)

        temcgx(mgs) = temcgx(mgs)-273.15

        felf(mgs) = 333690.6098 + (2030.61425)*temcgx(mgs) - (10.46708312)*temcgx(mgs)**2

!

        fels(mgs) = felv(mgs) + felf(mgs)

        fcqv1(mgs) = 4098.0258*felv(mgs)*cpi


      wvdf(mgs) = (2.11e-05)*((temg(mgs)/tfr)**1.94)* &

     &  (101325.0/(pb(kgs(mgs)) + pn(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))))                            ! diffusivity of water vapor, Hall and Pruppacher (76)

      advisc(mgs) = advisc0*(416.16/(temg(mgs)+120.0))* &

     &  (temg(mgs)/296.0)**(1.5)                         ! dynamic viscosity (SMT; see Beard & Pruppacher 71)

      tka(mgs) = tka0*advisc(mgs)/advisc1                 ! thermal conductivity


      ENDDO


!

! load concentrations

!

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,li) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lni), 0.0)

       end do

      end if

      if ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,lc) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnc), 0.0)

        cwnccn(mgs) = cwccn*rho0(mgs)/rho00 ! background ccn count

        cn(mgs) = 0.0

        IF ( lss > 1 ) THEN

          ssmax(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lss)

        ELSE

          ssmax(mgs) = 0.0

        ENDIF

        IF ( lccn .gt. 1 .and. ac_opt == 0 ) THEN

          IF ( lccnuf .gt. 1 .and. i_uf_or_ccn > 0 ) THEN

             ccnc(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn) + an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnuf)

          ELSE

             ccnc(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn)

             IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

               cnuc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs)

             ENDIF

          ENDIF

          IF ( lcn_nu > 1 ) THEN

            ccnc_nu(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcn_nu)

          ENDIF

          IF ( lcn_co > 1 ) THEN

            ccnc_co(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcn_co)

          ENDIF

          IF ( lccnaco > 1 ) THEN

            ccnaco(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnaco)

          ELSE

            ccnaco(mgs) = 0.0

          ENDIF

          IF ( lccnanu > 1 ) THEN

            ccnanu(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnanu)

          ELSE

            ccnanu(mgs) = 0.0

          ENDIF

        ELSEIF ( lccn > 1 .and. ( ac_opt == 1 .or. ac_opt == 11 ) ) THEN

             ccnc(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn)

           !  ccnc(mgs) = ccnc_ac(mgs)

             cnuc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs)

             cwnccn(mgs) = cnuc(mgs)

           !  write(0,*) 'ccnc_ac,mgs = ', ccnc_ac(mgs),mgs,igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)

        ELSEIF ( lccn > 1 .and. ( ac_opt == 2 .or. ac_opt == 22 ) ) THEN

          ccnc_nu(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcn_nu)

          ccnc(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn)

         ! ccnc(mgs) = ccnc_ac(mgs)

          ccnc_co(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcn_co)

        ELSE

          ccnc(mgs) = cwnccn(mgs)

        ENDIF

        IF ( lccnuf .gt. 1 .and. i_uf_or_ccn == 0 ) THEN

          ccncuf(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnuf)

        ELSE

          ccncuf(mgs) = 0.0

        ENDIF

        cnuf(mgs) = 0.0

        IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

          ccna(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccna) ! predicted count of activated ccn

          IF ( ac_opt == 22 ) THEN

            IF ( lccnaco > 1 ) THEN

              ccnaco(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnaco)

            ELSE

              ccnaco(mgs) = 0.0

            ENDIF

            IF ( lccnanu > 1 ) THEN

              ccnanu(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnanu)

            ELSE

              ccnanu(mgs) = 0.0

            ENDIF

          ENDIF

        ELSE

          IF ( lccn > 1 ) THEN

            ccna(mgs) = 0.0 ! WRF driver interface already has ccw subtracted from ccnc

          ELSE

            ccna(mgs) = cx(mgs,lc) ! approximation of number of activated ccn

          ENDIF

        ENDIF

       end do

      end if

      if ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,lr) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnr), 0.0)

       end do

      end if


!        cnuc(1:ngscnt) = cwccn*rho0(mgs)/rho00*(1. - renucfrac) + ccnc(1:ngscnt)*renucfrac

       DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

       ! default value of renucfrac is 0.0

        IF ( irenuc /= 6 ) THEN

          IF ( irenuc == 2 ) THEN

            cnuc(mgs) = max(ccnc(mgs),cwnccn(mgs))*(1. - renucfrac) + ccnc(mgs)*renucfrac

          ELSE

            cnuc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs)*(1. - renucfrac) + ccnc(mgs)*renucfrac

          ENDIF

        ELSE

        cnuc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs)*(1. - renucfrac) + max(0.0,ccnc(mgs) - ccna(mgs))*renucfrac

        ENDIF

        IF ( renucfrac >= 0.999 ) THEN

          IF ( temg(mgs) < 265. ) THEN

            IF ( qx(mgs,lc) > 10.*qxmin(lc) .and. w(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)) > 2.0 ) THEN

             cnuc(mgs) = 0.0 !  Min(cnuc(mgs), 0.5*cx(mgs,lc) ) ! Hack to reduce nucleation at low temp in updraft when ccn are not predicted

            ELSE

             cnuc(mgs) = 0.1*cnuc(mgs)

            ENDIF

          ENDIF

        ENDIF

       ENDDO


!  Set density

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR: Set density'


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        xdn(mgs,lc) = xdn0(lc)

        xdn(mgs,lr) = xdn0(lr)

      end do


      ventrx(:) = ventr

      ventrxn(:) = ventrn


!  Find shape parameter rain


      IF ( lzr > 1 .and. rcond == 2 ) THEN ! { RAIN SHAPE PARAM

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

         zx(mgs,lr) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lzr), 0.0)

      ENDDO


!      CALL cld_cpu('Z-MOMENT-1r2')

          il = lr

          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


         IF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin ) THEN

           qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,il)

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

         ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

           qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,il)

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

         ENDIF


         IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN


          xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*max(1.0e-11,cx(mgs,lr)))

          IF ( xv(mgs,lr) .gt. xvmx(lr) ) THEN

            xv(mgs,lr) = xvmx(lr)

            cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmx(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

          ELSEIF ( xv(mgs,lr) .lt. xvmn(lr) ) THEN

            xv(mgs,lr) = xvmn(lr)

            cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmn(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

          ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and reflectivity but no concentration, so set concentration, using default alpha

            IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            z1   = zx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z1*1000.*1000)

            ELSE

            g1 = 36.*(6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*pi**2)

            z1   = zx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z1*1000.*1000)


            ENDIF

!            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) > 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and concentration but no reflectivity, so set reflectivity, using default alpha

            IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            zx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(chw*1000.*1000)

            ELSE

            g1 = 36.*(6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*pi**2)

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            zx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(chw*1000.*1000)


            ENDIF


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!   How did this happen?

         ! set values according to dBZ of -10, or Z = 0.1

!              0.1 = 1.e18*0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)*(hwdn/rwdn)**2

               zx(mgs,il) = 1.e-19/0.224*(xdn0(lr)/xdn0(il))**2

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


              IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

               g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

               z1   = zx(mgs,il)

               qr  = qx(mgs,il)

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z1*1000.*1000)

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

              ELSEIF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

               g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

               z1   = zx(mgs,il)

               qr  = qx(mgs,il)

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6*qr)**2/(z1*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2)

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


              ENDIF

          ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,lr) > 0.0 ) THEN

            vr = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(1000.*cx(mgs,lr))

!            z1 = 36.*(alpha(kz)+2.0)*a(ix,jy,kz,lnr)*vr**2/((alpha(kz)+1.0)*pi**2)

           qr = qx(mgs,lr)

           nrx = cx(mgs,lr)

           z1 = zx(mgs,lr)


!           xv = (db(1,kz)*a(1,1,kz,lr))**2/(a(1,1,kz,lnr))

!           rd = z1*(pi/6.*1000.)**2/xv


! determine shape parameter alpha by iteration

        IF ( z1 .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


          IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z1*pi**2) - 1.

!           write(0,*) 'kz, alp, alpha(kz) = ',kz,alp,alpha(kz),rd,z1,xv

           DO i = 1,20

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,lr)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,lr) = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z1*pi**2) - 1.

!           write(0,*) 'i,alp = ',i,alp

             alp = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


         ELSE ! imurain == 1

            g1 = 36.*(6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*pi**2)


            rd1 = z1*(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2*nrx/(rho0(mgs)*qr)**2


           alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rd1) - 1.0


           DO i = 1,10

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,il) = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )


             alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rd1) - 1.0


             alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


         ENDIF

!         ENDIF


!

! Check whether the shape parameter is at or less than the minimum, and if it is, reset the

! concentration or reflectivity to match (prevents reflectivity from being out of balance with Q and N)

!

          IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

           IF ( .true. .and. (alpha(mgs,il) <= rnumin .or. alp == rnumin .or. alp == rnumax) ) THEN


             IF ( rescale_high_alpha .and. alp >= rnumax - 0.01  ) THEN  ! reset c at high alpha to prevent growth in Z

               g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z1*(1./(xdn(mgs,il)))**2

               an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


             ELSEIF ( rescale_low_alphar .and. alp <= rnumin ) THEN


              z1  = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

              zx(mgs,il) = z1

             ENDIF

           ENDIF


          ELSEIF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN


             g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))


           IF ( (rescale_low_alpha .or. rescale_high_alpha ) .and.  &

     &          ( alpha(mgs,il) <= alphamin .or. alp == alphamin .or. alp == alphamax ) ) THEN


            IF ( rescale_high_alpha .and. alp >= alphamax - 0.01  ) THEN  ! reset c at high alpha to prevent growth in Z

              cx(mgs,il) = g1*rho0(mgs)**2*(qr)*qr/zx(mgs,lr)*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


            ELSEIF ( rescale_low_alpha .and. alp <= alphamin ) THEN ! alpha = alphamin, so reset Z to prevent growth in C

             z1 = g1*rho0(mgs)**2*(qr)*qr/nrx

             z2  = z1*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

             zx(mgs,il) = z2

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = z2

            ENDIF

          ENDIF ! imurain


          ENDIF ! z > 0


           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 4./3.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


!           ventrx(mgs) = Gamma(alpha(mgs,lr) + 4./3.)/(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)**(1./3.)/Gamma(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)

           ventrx(mgs) = x/(y*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)**(1./3.))


           IF ( imurain == 3 .and. izwisventr == 2 ) THEN


           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.5 + br/6.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


!           ventrx(mgs) = Gamma(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.5 + br/6.)/Gamma(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)

           ventrxn(mgs) = x/(y*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)**((1.+br)/6. + 1./3.))


           ELSEIF ( imurain == 1 .and.  iferwisventr == 2 ) THEN


           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.5 + br/2.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


!           ventrx(mgs) = Gamma(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.5 + br/6.)/Gamma(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)

           ventrxn(mgs) = x/y


           ENDIF


           ENDIF

          ENDIF


          ENDIF


          ENDDO

!        CALL cld_cpu('Z-MOMENT-1r2')

        ENDIF ! }


!       write(0,*) 'NUCOND: Set ssf variables, ssmxinit =',ssmxinit

      ssmx = 0.0

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


      kp1 = min(nz, kgs(mgs)+1 )

      wvel(mgs) = (0.5)*(w(igs(mgs),jgs,kp1) &

     &                  +w(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)))

      wvelkm1(mgs) = (0.5)*(w(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)) &

     &                  +w(igs(mgs),jgs,max(1,kgs(mgs)-1)))


      ssat0(mgs)  = ssfilt(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))

      ssf(mgs)    = ssfilt(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))

!      ssmx = Max( ssmx, ssf(mgs) )


      ssfkp1(mgs) = ssfilt(igs(mgs),jgs,min(nz-1,kgs(mgs)+1))

      ssfkm1(mgs) = ssfilt(igs(mgs),jgs,max(1,kgs(mgs)-1))


!        IF ( wvel(mgs) /= 0.0 ) write(0,*) 'mgs,wvel1,ssf = ',mgs,wvel(mgs),ssf(mgs)


      ENDDO


!

!  cloud water variables

!


      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR: Set cloud water variables'


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      xv(mgs,lc) = 0.0

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 .and. cx(mgs,lc) .gt. 1.0e6 ) THEN

        xmas(mgs,lc) = &

     &    min( max(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,lc),cwmasn),cwmasx )

        xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/xdn(mgs,lc)

      ELSE

       IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .gt. cxmin ) THEN

        xmas(mgs,lc) = &

     &     min( max(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,lc),xdn(mgs,lc)*xvmn(lc)), &

     &      xdn(mgs,lc)*xvmx(lc) )


        cx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lc)


       ELSEIF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .le. cxmin ) THEN

!        xmas(mgs,lc) = xdn(mgs,lc)*4.*pi/3.*(5.0e-6)**3

!        cx(mgs,lc) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/xmas(mgs,lc)

        cx(mgs,lc) = max( cxmin, rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/cwmasx )

        xmas(mgs,lc) =  &

     &    min( max(qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/cx(mgs,lc),cwmasn),cwmasx )

        xv(mgs,lc) = xmas(mgs,lc)/xdn(mgs,lc)


       ELSE

        xmas(mgs,lc) = cwmasn

       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      xdia(mgs,lc,1) = (xmas(mgs,lc)*cwc1)**c1f3


      end do

!

! rain

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) then


      if ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) then

        xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,lr)))

!      parameter( xvmn(lr)=2.8866e-13, xvmx(lr)=4.1887e-9 )  ! mks

        IF ( xv(mgs,lr) .gt. xvmx(lr) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmx(lr)

          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmx(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

        ELSEIF ( xv(mgs,lr) .lt. xvmn(lr) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmn(lr)

          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmn(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

        ENDIF


        xmas(mgs,lr) = xv(mgs,lr)*xdn(mgs,lr)

        xdia(mgs,lr,3) = (xmas(mgs,lr)*cwc1)**(1./3.) ! xdia(mgs,lr,1)

        IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

!          xdia(mgs,lr,1) = (6.*pii*xv(mgs,lr)/(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.))**(1./3.)

          xdia(mgs,lr,1) = xdia(mgs,lr,3) ! formulae for Ziegler (1985) use mean volume diameter, not lambda**(-1)

        ELSE ! imurain == 1, Characteristic diameter (1/lambda)

          xdia(mgs,lr,1) = (6.*piinv*xv(mgs,lr)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+3.)*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.)*(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.)))**(1./3.)

        ENDIF

!        rwrad(mgs) = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,1)


! Inverse exponential version:

!        xdia(mgs,lr,1) =

!     >  (qx(mgs,lr)*rho0(mgs)

!     > /(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr)))**(0.333333)

      ELSE

        xdia(mgs,lr,1) = &

     &  (qx(mgs,lr)*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)*cno(lr)))**(0.25)

      end if

      else

        xdia(mgs,lr,1) = 1.e-9

!        rwrad(mgs) = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,1)

      end if


      end do


!

!  Ventilation coefficients


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      fadvisc(mgs) = advisc0*(416.16/(temg(mgs)+120.0))* &

     &  (temg(mgs)/296.0)**(1.5)


      fakvisc(mgs) = fadvisc(mgs)*rhoinv(mgs)


      fwvdf(mgs) = (2.11e-05)*((temg(mgs)/tfr)**1.94)* &

     &  (101325.0/(pres(mgs)))


      fschm(mgs) = (fakvisc(mgs)/fwvdf(mgs))


      fvent(mgs) = (fschm(mgs)**(1./3.)) * (fakvisc(mgs)**(-0.5))


      end do

!

!

!  Ziegler nucleation

!

!

! cloud evaporation, condensation, and nucleation

!  sqsat -> qss(mgs)


      DO mgs=1,ngscnt

        dcloud = 0.0

        ! Skip points at low temperature if SS stays less than 1.08,

        ! otherwise allow nucleation at low temp (will freeze at next time step)

        IF ( temg(mgs) .le. tfrh .and. qx(mgs,lv)/qvs(mgs) < maxlowtempss ) THEN

         cycle

        ENDIF


      IF( ssat0(mgs) .GT. 0. .OR. ssf(mgs) .GT. 0. ) GO TO 620

!6/4      IF( qvap(mgs) .EQ. qss(mgs) ) GO TO 631

!

!.... EVAPORATION. QV IS LESS THAN qss(mgs).

!.... EVAPORATE CLOUD FIRST

!

      IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .LE. 0. ) GO TO 631

!.... CLOUD EVAPORATION.

! convert input 'cp' to cgs

      r1=1./(1. + caw*(273.15 - cbw)*qss(mgs)*felv(mgs)/ &

     &            (cp*(temg(mgs) - cbw)**2))

      qevap= min( qx(mgs,lc), r1*(qss(mgs)-qvap(mgs)) )


      IF ( qx(mgs,lc) <= qevap ) THEN !{ GO TO 63

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) + qx(mgs,lc)

        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) - felvcp(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/(pi0(mgs))

        IF ( io_flag .and. nxtra > 1 ) THEN

           axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),1) = -qx(mgs,lc)/dtp

        ENDIF

        qx(mgs,lc) = 0.

        IF ( restoreccn ) THEN !{

           IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

              tmp = restoreccnfrac*cx(mgs,lc)

              IF ( lccnaco > 1 .and. lccnanu > 1 ) THEN

                ! restore CCN proportionally to each type, although coarse are presumably already lost to rain

                tmp2 = ccna(mgs) + ccnaco(mgs) + ccnanu(mgs)

                IF ( tmp2 > 0.0 ) THEN

                  ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) - tmp*ccna(mgs)/tmp2

                  ccnaco(mgs) = ccnaco(mgs) - tmp*ccnaco(mgs)/tmp2

                  ccnanu(mgs) = ccnanu(mgs) - tmp*ccnanu(mgs)/tmp2

                ENDIF

              ELSE

                ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) - tmp

              ENDIF

           ELSEIF ( irenuc <= 2 ) THEN

              IF ( .not. invertccn ) THEN

               ccnc(mgs) = max( ccnc(mgs), min( qccn*rho0(mgs), ccnc(mgs) + restoreccnfrac*cx(mgs,lc) ) )

              ELSE

               ccnc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs) + restoreccnfrac*cx(mgs,lc)

              ENDIF

          ENDIF

        ENDIF !}

        cx(mgs,lc) = 0.

      ELSE !} {

        qctmp = qx(mgs,lc)

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) + qevap

        qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) - qevap

        IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .le. 0. ) THEN

          IF ( restoreccn ) THEN

            IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

              tmp = restoreccnfrac*cx(mgs,lc)

              IF ( lccnaco > 1 .and. lccnanu > 1 ) THEN

                ! restore CCN proportionally to each type, although coarse are presumably already lost to rain

                tmp2 = ccna(mgs) + ccnaco(mgs) + ccnanu(mgs)

                IF ( tmp2 > 0.0 ) THEN

                  ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) - tmp*ccna(mgs)/tmp2

                  ccnaco(mgs) = ccnaco(mgs) - tmp*ccnaco(mgs)/tmp2

                  ccnanu(mgs) = ccnanu(mgs) - tmp*ccnanu(mgs)/tmp2

                ENDIF

              ELSE

                ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) - tmp

              ENDIF

            ELSEIF ( irenuc <= 2 ) THEN

!              ccnc(mgs) = Max( ccnc(mgs), Min( qccn*rho0(mgs), ccnc(mgs) + cx(mgs,lc) ) )

!              ccnc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs) + cx(mgs,lc)

              IF ( .not. invertccn ) THEN

               ccnc(mgs) = max( ccnc(mgs), min( qccn*rho0(mgs), ccnc(mgs) + restoreccnfrac*cx(mgs,lc) ) )

              ELSE

               ccnc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs) + restoreccnfrac*cx(mgs,lc)

              ENDIF

            ENDIF

          ENDIF

          cx(mgs,lc) = 0.

        ELSE

          tmp = 0.9*qevap*cx(mgs,lc)/qctmp ! let droplets get smaller but also remove some. A factor of 1.0 would maintain same size

          IF ( restoreccn ) THEN

            IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

              tmp = restoreccnfrac*tmp

              IF ( lccnaco > 1 .and. lccnanu > 1 ) THEN

                ! restore CCN proportionally to each type, although coarse are presumably already lost to rain

                tmp2 = ccna(mgs) + ccnaco(mgs) + ccnanu(mgs)

                IF ( tmp2 > 0.0 ) THEN

                  ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) - tmp*ccna(mgs)/tmp2

                  ccnaco(mgs) = ccnaco(mgs) - tmp*ccnaco(mgs)/tmp2

                  ccnanu(mgs) = ccnanu(mgs) - tmp*ccnanu(mgs)/tmp2

                ENDIF

              ELSE

                ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) - tmp

              ENDIF

             ! ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) - restoreccnfrac*tmp

            ELSEIF ( irenuc <= 2 ) THEN

 !             ccnc(mgs) = Max( ccnc(mgs), Min( qccn*rho0(mgs), ccnc(mgs) + tmp ) )

!              ccnc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs) + tmp

              IF ( .not. invertccn ) THEN

               ccnc(mgs) = max( ccnc(mgs), min( qccn*rho0(mgs), ccnc(mgs) + restoreccnfrac*tmp ) )

              ELSE

               ccnc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs) + restoreccnfrac*tmp

              ENDIF

            ENDIF

          ENDIF

          cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) - tmp

        ENDIF

        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) - felvcp(mgs)*qevap/(pi0(mgs))

        IF ( io_flag .and. nxtra > 1 ) THEN

           axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),1) = -qevap/dtp

        ENDIF


      ENDIF !}


      GO TO 631


  620 CONTINUE


!.... CLOUD CONDENSATION


        IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .GT. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .ge. 1. ) THEN


!       ac1 =  xdn(mgs,lc)*elv(kgs(mgs))**2*epsi/

!     :        (tka(kgs(mgs))*rw*temg(mgs)**2)

! took out xdn factor because it cancels later...

       ac1 =  felv(mgs)**2/(tka(mgs)*rw*temg(mgs)**2)


!       bc = xdn(mgs,lc)*rw*temg(mgs)/

!     :       (epsi*wvdf(kgs(mgs))*es(mgs))

! took out xdn factor because it cancels later...

       bc =   rw*temg(mgs)/(wvdf(mgs)*es(mgs))


!       bs = rho0(mgs)*((rd*temg(mgs)/(epsi*es(mgs)))+

!     :             (epsi*elv(kgs(mgs))**2/(pres(mgs)*temg(mgs)*cp)))


!       taus = Min(dtp, xdn(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)*(ac1+bc)/

!     :        (4*pi*0.89298*BS*0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)*cx(mgs,lc)*xdn(mgs,lc)))


!

      IF ( ssf(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .or. ssat0(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

       IF ( ny .le. 2 ) THEN

!        write(0,*)  'undershoot: ',ssf(mgs),

!     :   ( (qx(mgs,lv) - dcloud)/c1 - 1.0)*100.

       ENDIF


       IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) ) THEN


         IF ( xdia(mgs,lc,1) .le. 0.0 ) THEN

          xmas(mgs,lc) = cwmasn

          xdia(mgs,lc,1) = (xmas(mgs,lc)*cwc1)**c1f3

         ENDIF

        d1 = (1./(ac1 + bc))*4.0*pi*ventc &

     &        *0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)*cx(mgs,lc)*rhoinv(mgs)


       ELSE

         d1 = 0.0

       ENDIF


       IF ( rcond .eq. 2 .and. qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) .and. cx(mgs,lr) > 1.e-9 ) THEN

          IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

           IF ( izwisventr == 1 ) THEN

            rwvent(mgs) = ventrx(mgs)*(1.6 + 124.9*(1.e-3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr))**.2046)

           ELSE ! izwisventr = 2

!  Following Wisner et al. (1972) but using gamma of volume. Note that Ferrier rain fall speed does not integrate with gamma of volume, so using Vr = ar*d^br

          rwvent(mgs) =   &

     &  (0.78*ventrx(mgs) + 0.308*ventrxn(mgs)*fvent(mgs)   &

     &   *sqrt((ar*rhovt(mgs)))   &

     &    *(xdia(mgs,lr,1)**((1.0+br)/2.0)) )

           ENDIF


          ELSE ! imurain == 1


           IF ( iferwisventr == 1 ) THEN

             alpr = min(alpharmax,alpha(mgs,lr) )

!             alpr = alpha(mgs,lr)

             x =  1. + alpr


              tmp = 1 + alpr

              i = int(dgami*(tmp))

              del = tmp - dgam*i

              g1palp = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


              tmp = 2.5 + alpr + 0.5*bx(lr)

              i = int(dgami*(tmp))

              del = tmp - dgam*i

              y = (gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami)/g1palp ! ratio of gamma functions


!         vent1 = dble(xdia(mgs,lr,1))**(-2. - alpr) ! Actually OK

!         vent2 = dble(1./xdia(mgs,lr,1) + 0.5*fx(lr))**dble(2.5+alpr+0.5*bx(lr))  ! Actually OK

         vent1 = dble(xdia(mgs,lr,1))**(0.5 + 0.5*bx(lr)) ! 2016.2.26 Changed for consistency with derivation (recast formula)

         vent2 = dble(1. + 0.5*fx(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,1))**dble(2.5+alpr+0.5*bx(lr))


        rwvent(mgs) =    &

     &    0.78*x +    &

     &    0.308*fvent(mgs)*y*   &

     &            sqrt(ax(lr)*rhovt(mgs))*(vent1/vent2)


           ELSEIF ( iferwisventr == 2 ) THEN


!  Following Wisner et al. (1972) but using gamma of volume. Note that Ferrier rain fall speed does not integrate with gamma of volume, so using Vr = ar*d^br

            x =  1. + alpha(mgs,lr)


            rwvent(mgs) =   &

     &        (0.78*x + 0.308*ventrxn(mgs)*fvent(mgs)   &

     &         *sqrt((ar*rhovt(mgs)))   &

     &         *(xdia(mgs,lr,1)**((1.0+br)/2.0)) )


          ENDIF ! iferwisventr


       ENDIF ! imurain


       d1r = (1./(ac1 + bc))*4.0*pi*rwvent(mgs) &

     &        *0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,1)*cx(mgs,lr)*rhoinv(mgs)

       ELSE

       d1r = 0.0

       ENDIF


       e1  = felvcp(mgs)/(pi0(mgs))

       f1 = pk(mgs) ! (pres(mgs)/poo)**cap


!

!  fifth trial to see what happens:

!

       ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

       ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )

       ltemq1 = ltemq

       temp1 = temg(mgs)

       IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

         p380 = 380.0/pres(mgs)

       ELSE

         p380 = esbolton*rdorv/(pres(mgs) - es(mgs))

       ENDIF


!       taus = Max( 0.05*dtp, Min(taus, 0.25*dtp ) )

!       nc = NInt(dtp/Min(1.0,0.5*taus))

!       dtcon = dtp/float(nc)

       ss1 = qx(mgs,lv)/qvs(mgs)

       ss2 = ss1

       temp2 = temp1

       qv1 = qx(mgs,lv)

       qvs1 = qvs(mgs)

       qis1 = qis(mgs)

       dt1 = 0.0


!          dtcon = Max(dtcon,0.2)

!          nc = Nint(dtp/dtcon)


       ltemq1 = ltemq

! want to start out with a small time step to handle the steep slope

! and fast changes, then can switch to a larger step (dtcon2) for the

! rest of the big time step.

! base the initial time step (dtcon1) on the slope (delta)

       IF ( abs(ss1 - 1.0) .gt. 1.e-5 ) THEN

         delta = 0.5*(qv1-qvs1)/(d1*(ss1 - 1.0))

       ELSE

         delta = 0.1*dtp

       ENDIF

! delta is the extrapolated time to get halfway from qv1 to qvs1

! want at least 5 time steps to the halfway point, so multiply by 0.2

! for the initial time step

       dtcon1 = min(0.05,0.2*delta)

       nc = max(5,2*nint( (dtp-4.0*dtcon1)/delta))

       dtcon2 = (dtp-4.0*dtcon1)/nc


       n = 1

       dt1 = 0.0

       nc = 0

       dqc = 0.0

       dqr = 0.0

       dqi = 0.0

       dqs = 0.0

       dqvii = 0.0

       dqvis = 0.0


       rk2c: DO WHILE ( dt1 .lt. dtp )

          nc = 0

          IF ( n .le. 4 ) THEN

            dtcon = dtcon1

          ELSE

            dtcon = dtcon2

          ENDIF

 609       dqv  = -(ss1 - 1.)*d1*dtcon

           dqvr = -(ss1 - 1.)*d1r*dtcon

            dtemp = -0.5*e1*f1*(dqv + dqvr)

!          write(0,*) 'RK2c dqv1 = ',dqv

! calculate midpoint values:

     !      ltemq1m = ltemq1 + Nint(dtemp*fqsat + 0.5)


         ! 7.6.2016: Test full calc of ltemq

           ltemq1m = (temp1+dtemp-163.15)*fqsati+1.5

           ltemq1m = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq1m) )


           IF ( ltemq1m .lt. 1 .or. ltemq1m .gt. nqsat ) THEN

             write(0,*) 'STOP in nucond line 1192 '

             write(0,*) ' ltemq1m,icond = ',ltemq1m,icond

             write(0,*) ' dtemp,e1,f1,dqv,dqvr = ', dtemp,e1,f1,dqv,dqvr

             write(0,*) ' d1,d1r,dtcon,ss1 = ',d1,d1r,dtcon,ss1

             write(0,*) ' dqc, dqr = ',dqc,dqr

             write(0,*) ' qv,qc,qr = ',qx(mgs,lv)*1000.,qx(mgs,lc)*1000.,qx(mgs,lr)*1000.

             write(0,*) ' i, j, k = ',igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)

             write(0,*) ' dtcon1,dtcon2,delta = ',dtcon1,dtcon2,delta

             write(0,*) ' nc,dtp = ',nc,dtp

             write(0,*) ' rwvent,xdia,crw,ccw = ', rwvent(mgs),xdia(mgs,lr,1),cx(mgs,lr),cx(mgs,lc)

             write(0,*) ' fvent,alphar = ',fvent(mgs),alpha(mgs,lr)

             write(0,*) ' xvr,xmasr,xdnr,cwc1 = ',xv(mgs,lr),xmas(mgs,lr),xdn(mgs,lr),cwc1

           ENDIF

            dqvs = dtemp*p380*dtabqvs(ltemq1m)

            qv1m = qv1 + dqv + dqvr

!          qv1mr = qv1r + dqvr


            qvs1m = qvs1 + dqvs

            ss1m = qv1m/qvs1m


    ! check for undersaturation when no ice is present, if so, then reduce time step

          IF ( ss1m .lt. 1.  .and. (dqvii + dqvis) .eq. 0.0 ) THEN

            dtcon = (0.5*dtcon)

            IF ( dtcon .ge. dtcon1 ) THEN

             GOTO 609

            ELSE

             EXIT

            ENDIF

          ENDIF

! calculate full step:

          dqv  = -(ss1m - 1.)*d1*dtcon

          dqvr = -(ss1m - 1.)*d1r*dtcon


!          write(0,*) 'RK2a dqv1m = ',dqv

          dtemp = -e1*f1*(dqv + dqvr)


         ! ltemq1 = ltemq1 + Nint(dtemp*fqsat + 0.5)


         ! 7.6.2016: Test full calc of ltemq

           ltemq1 = (temp1+dtemp-163.15)*fqsati+1.5

           ltemq1 = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq1) )


           IF ( ltemq1 .lt. 1 .or. ltemq1 .gt. nqsat ) THEN

             write(0,*) 'STOP in nucond line 1230 '

             write(0,*) ' ltemq1m,icond = ',ltemq1m,icond

             write(0,*) ' dtemp,e1,dqv,dqvr = ', dtemp,e1,dqv,dqvr

           ENDIF

          dqvs = dtemp*p380*dtabqvs(ltemq1)


          qv1 = qv1 + dqv + dqvr


          dqc = dqc - dqv

          dqr = dqr - dqvr


          qvs1 = qvs1 + dqvs

          ss1 = qv1/qvs1

          temp1 = temp1 + dtemp

          IF ( temp2 .eq. temp1 .or. ss2 .eq. ss1 .or.  &

     &           ss1 .eq. 1.00 .or.  &

     &      ( n .gt. 10 .and. ss1 .lt. 1.0005 ) ) THEN

!           write(0,*) 'RK2c break'

           EXIT

          ELSE

           ss2 = ss1

           temp2 = temp1

           dt1 = dt1 + dtcon

           n = n + 1

          ENDIF

       ENDDO rk2c


        dcloud = dqc ! qx(mgs,lv) - qv1

        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + e1*(dcloud + dqr)


        IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

           pipert(mgs) = pipert(mgs) + felvpi(mgs)*(dcloud + dqr)

        ENDIF

        IF ( io_flag .and. nxtra > 1 ) THEN

           axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),1) = dcloud/dtp

           axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),2) = axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),2) + dqr/dtp

        ENDIF

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - (dcloud + dqr)

        qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dcloud

        qx(mgs,lr) = qx(mgs,lr) + dqr

!        t9(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) = t9(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) + (DCLOUD + dqr)/dtp*felv(mgs)/(cp*pi0(mgs)) !* &

!!     &                 dx*dy*dz3d(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))


        IF ( lzr > 1 .and. rcond == 2 .and. qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr)   &

     &       .and. cx(mgs,lr) .gt. 1.e-9 ) THEN

          tmp = qx(mgs,lr)/cx(mgs,lr)

          IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

          g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

          ELSE

            g1 = 36.*(6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*pi**2)


          ENDIF

          zx(mgs,lr) = zx(mgs,lr) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * dqr )

        ENDIF


        theta(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + theta0(mgs)

        temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*f1

        ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

        ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )

        IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

          qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

        ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

          qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

        ENDIF

!        es(mgs) = 6.1078e2*tabqvs(ltemq)


!


      ENDIF  ! dcloud .gt. 0.


      ELSE  ! qc .le. qxmin(lc)


!        IF ( ssf(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. .not. flag_qndrop ) THEN ! flag_qndrop turns off primary nucleation when using wrf-chem with progn=1

        IF ( ssf(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN ! .and.  ssmax(mgs) .lt. sscb ) THEN ! except that wrf-chem does not seem to initialize qc for activated aerosols, so keep this, after all


          IF ( iqcinit == 1 ) THEN


         qvs0   = 380.*exp(17.27*(temg(mgs)-273.)/(temg(mgs)- 36.))/pk(mgs)


         dcloud = max(0.0, (qx(mgs,lv)-qvs0) / (1.+qvs0*f5/(temg(mgs)-36.)**2) )


          ELSEIF ( iqcinit == 3 ) THEN

              r1=1./(1. + caw*(273.15 - cbw)*qss(mgs)*felvcp(mgs)/ &

     &             ((temg(mgs) - cbw)**2))

            dcloud=r1*(qvap(mgs) - qvs(mgs))  ! KW model adjustment;

                              ! this will put mass into qc if qv > sqsat exists


          ELSEIF ( iqcinit == 2 ) THEN

!              R1=1./(1. + caw*(273.15 - cbw)*qss(mgs)*felv(mgs)/

!     :             (cp*(temg(mgs) - cbw)**2))

!            DCLOUD=R1*(qvap(mgs) - qvs(mgs))  ! KW model adjustment;

                              ! this will put mass into qc if qv > sqsat exists

         ssmx = ssmxinit


!          IF ( ssf(mgs) > ssmx  .and. ssmax(mgs) < 3.0 ) THEN

!          IF ( ssf(mgs) > ssmx  .and. ccnc(mgs) > 1.0 ) THEN

!          IF ( ssf(mgs) > ssmx  .and. ssf(mgs) < 5.0 .and. ccnc(mgs) > 0.1*cwnccn(mgs) ) THEN ! this one works

!          IF ( ssf(mgs) > ssmx  .and. ssf(mgs) < 20.0 ) THEN ! test -- fails

!          IF ( ssf(mgs) > ssmx  .and. ssf(mgs) < 20.0 .and. ccnc(mgs) > 0.1*cwnccn(mgs)) THEN ! test -- is OK

          IF ( ssf(mgs) > ssmx  .and. ssf(mgs) < 20.0 .and.  &

             ( ccnc(mgs) > 0.05*cwnccn(mgs) .or. ( ac_opt > 0 .and. ccnc(mgs) - cx(mgs,lc) > 0.0 ) ) ) THEN ! test

!          IF ( ssf(mgs) > ssmx ) THEN ! original condition

           CALL qvexcess(ngs,mgs,qwvp,qv0,qx(1,lc),pres,thetap,theta0,dcloud, &

     &      pi0,tabqvs,nqsat,fqsat,cbw,fcqv1,felvcp,ssmx,pk,ngscnt)

          ELSE

            dcloud = 0.0

          ENDIF

         ENDIF

        ELSE

            dcloud = 0.0

        ENDIF


        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + felvcp(mgs)*dcloud/(pi0(mgs))

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - dcloud

        qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dcloud

        IF ( io_flag .and. nxtra > 1 ) THEN

           axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),1) = dcloud/dtp

        ENDIF

        theta(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + theta0(mgs)

        temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*pk(mgs) !( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

!        temg(mgs) = theta2temp( theta(mgs), pres(mgs) )

        ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

        ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )

       ! qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

        IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

          qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

        ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

          qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

        ENDIF

!        es(mgs) = 6.1078e2*tabqvs(ltemq)


!.... S. TWOMEY (1959)

! Note: get here if there is no previous cloud water and w > 0.

      cn(mgs) = 0.0


      IF ( ncdebug .ge. 1 ) THEN

        write(iunit,*) 'at 613: ',qx(mgs,lc),cx(mgs,lc),wvel(mgs),ssmax(mgs),kgs(mgs)

      ENDIF


      IF (  .not. flag_qndrop ) THEN ! { do not calculate number of droplets if using wrf-chem


   !   IF ( ac_opt == 0 ) THEN

        cnuctmp = cnuc(mgs)

   !   ELSE

   !     cnuctmp = ccnc(mgs)

   !   ENDIF


!      IF ( ssmax(mgs) .lt. sscb .and. qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc)) THEN

      IF ( dcloud .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. wvel(mgs) > 0.0) THEN

!       CN(mgs) =   CCNE*wvel(mgs)**cnexp ! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

       cn(mgs) =   ccne0*cnuctmp**(2./(2.+cck))*wvel(mgs)**cnexp ! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

        IF ( ny .le. 2 .and. cn(mgs) .gt. 0.0    &

     &                    .and. ncdebug .ge. 1 ) THEN

          write(iunit,*) 'CN: ',cn(mgs)*1.e-6, cx(mgs,lc)*1.e-6, qx(mgs,lc)*1.e3,   &

     &       wvel(mgs), dcloud*1.e3

          IF ( cn(mgs) .gt. 1.0 ) write(iunit,*) 'cwrad = ',   &

     &       1.e6*(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/cn(mgs)*cwc1)**c1f3,   &

     &   igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),temcg(mgs),    &

     &   1.e3*an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)-1,lc)

        ENDIF

        IF ( iccwflg .eq. 1 ) THEN

          cn(mgs) = min(cwccn*rho0(mgs)/rho00, max(cn(mgs),   &

     &       rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/(xdn(mgs,lc)*(4.*pi/3.)*(4.e-6)**3)))

        ENDIF

      ELSE

       cn(mgs) = 0.0

       dcloud = 0.0

!          cn(mgs) = Min(cwccn,    &

!     &       rho0(mgs)*dcloud/(xdn(mgs,lc)*(4.*pi/3.)*(4.e-6)**3) )

      ENDIF


      IF ( cn(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

       IF ( ac_opt == 0 ) THEN

         IF ( cn(mgs) .gt. ccnc(mgs) ) THEN

           cn(mgs) = ccnc(mgs)

!          ccnc(mgs) = 0.0

         ENDIF

       ELSE

         cn(mgs) = min( cn(mgs), ccnc(mgs) )

       ENDIF

!      cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)

       IF ( irenuc <= 2 .and. lccna < 1  ) ccnc(mgs) = max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))

       ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) + cn(mgs)

      ENDIF


!       write(91,*) 'nuc1: cn, ix, kz = ',cn(mgs),igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),wvel(mgs),cnexp,ccnc(mgs)


      IF( cn(mgs) .GT. cx(mgs,lc) ) cx(mgs,lc) = cn(mgs)

      IF( cx(mgs,lc) .GT. 0. .AND. qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc) ) THEN

        cx(mgs,lc) = 0.

      ELSE

        cx(mgs,lc) = min(cx(mgs,lc),rho0(mgs)*max(0.0,qx(mgs,lc))/cwmasn)

      ENDIF


      ENDIF ! }.not. flag_qndrop


        GOTO 613


        END IF ! qc .gt. 0.


!        ES=EES(PIB(K)*PT)

!        SQSAT=EPSI*ES/(PB(K)*1000.-ES)


!.... CLOUD NUCLEATION

!      T=PIB(K)*PT

!      ES=1.E3*PB(K)*QV/EPSI


      IF ( wvel(mgs) .le. 0. ) GO TO 616

      IF ( cx(mgs,lc) .le. 0. )  GO TO 613                             !TWOMEY (1959) Nucleation

      IF ( kzbeg-1+kgs(mgs) .GT. 1 .and. qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc)) GO TO 613  !TWOMEY (1959) Nucleation

      IF ( kzbeg-1+kgs(mgs) .eq. 1 .and. wvel(mgs) .gt. 0. ) GO TO 613         !TWOMEY (1959) Nucleation

!.... ATTEMPT ZIEGLER CLOUD NUCLEATION IN CLOUD INTERIOR UNLESS...

  616 IF ( ssf(mgs) .LE. supcb .AND. wvel(mgs) .GT. 0. ) GO TO 631 !... weakly saturated updraft

      IF ( kzbeg-1+kgs(mgs) .GT. 1 .AND. kzbeg-1+kgs(mgs) .LT. nzend-1 .AND.  &

     &    (ssfkp1(mgs) .GE. supmx .OR. &

     &     ssf(mgs)    .GE. supmx .OR. &

     &     ssfkm1(mgs) .GE. supmx)) GO TO 631                      !... too much vapour

      IF (ssf(mgs) .LT. 1.e-10 .OR. ssf(mgs) .GE. supmx) GO TO 631 !... at the extremes for ss


!

! get here if ( qc > 0 and ss > supcb) or (w < 0)

!


      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) "ICEZVD_DR: Entered Ziegler Cloud Nucleation" !mpidebug


      dssdz=0.

      r2dzm=0.50/dz3d(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))


      IF ( irenuc >= 0 .and. ac_opt == 0 .and. .not. flag_qndrop ) THEN ! turn off nucleation when flag_qndrop (using WRF-CHEM for activation)


      IF ( irenuc < 2 ) THEN !{


        IF ( kzend == nzend ) THEN

          t0p3 = t0(igs(mgs),jgs,min(kze,kgs(mgs)+3))

          t0p1 = t0(igs(mgs),jgs,min(kze,kgs(mgs)+1))

        ELSE

          t0p3 = t0(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)+3)

          t0p1 = t0(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)+1)

        ENDIF


      IF ( ( ssf(mgs) .gt. ssmax(mgs) .or.  irenuc .eq. 1 ) &

     &   .and.  ( ( lccn .lt. 1 .and.  &

     &            cx(mgs,lc) .lt. cwccn*(min(1.0,rho0(mgs)))) .or. &

     &    ( lccn .gt. 1 .and. ccnc(mgs) .gt. 0. )   ) &

     &    ) THEN

      IF( kzbeg-1+kgs(mgs) .GT. 1 .AND. kzbeg-1+kgs(mgs) .LT. nzend-1 &

     &  .and. ssf(mgs) .gt. 0.0 &

     &  .and. ssfkp1(mgs) .LT. supmx .and. ssfkp1(mgs) .ge. 0.0  &

     &  .AND. ssfkm1(mgs) .LT. supmx .AND. ssfkm1(mgs) .ge. 0.0  &

     &  .AND. ssfkp1(mgs) .gt. ssfkm1(mgs)  &

     &  .and. t0p3 .gt. 233.2) THEN

          dssdz = (ssfkp1(mgs) - ssfkm1(mgs))*r2dzm

!

! otherwise check for cloud base condition with updraft:

!

        ELSEIF( kzbeg-1+kgs(mgs) .GT. 1 .AND. kzbeg-1+kgs(mgs) .LT. nzend-1 &

!        IF( kgs(mgs) .GT. 1 .AND. kgs(mgs) .LT. NZ-1 & !)

     &  .and. ssf(mgs) .gt. 0.0  .and. wvel(mgs) .gt. 0.0 &

     &  .and. ssfkp1(mgs) .gt. 0.0   &

     &  .AND. ssfkm1(mgs) .le. 0.0 .and. wvelkm1(mgs) .gt. 0.0 &

     &  .AND. ssf(mgs) .gt. ssfkm1(mgs)  &

     &  .and. t0p1 .gt. 233.2) THEN

         dssdz = 2.*(ssf(mgs) - ssfkm1(mgs))*r2dzm  ! 1-sided difference

        ENDIF


       ENDIF

!

!CLZ  IF(wijk.LE.0.) CN=CCN*ssfilt(ix,jy,kz)**CCK

! note: CCN -> cwccn, DELT -> dtp

      c1 = max(0.0, rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lv) - qss(mgs))/ &

     &        (xdn(mgs,lc)*(4.*pi/3.)*(4.e-6)**3))

      IF ( lccn .lt. 1 ) THEN

       cn(mgs) = cwccn*rho0(mgs)/rho00*cck*ssf(mgs)**cckm*dtp*   &

     & max(0.0,    &

     &         (wvel(mgs)*dssdz) )      ! probably the vertical gradient dominates

      ELSE

      cn(mgs) =  &

     &    min(ccnc(mgs), cnuc(mgs)*cck*ssf(mgs)**cckm*dtp*   &

     & max(0.0,    &

     &         ( wvel(mgs)*dssdz) )  )

!      IF ( cn(mgs) .gt. 0 ) ccnc(mgs) = ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs)

      ENDIF


      IF ( cn(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

       IF ( ccnc(mgs) .lt. 5.e7 .and. cn(mgs) .ge. 5.e7 ) THEN

          cn(mgs) = 5.e7

          ccnc(mgs) = 0.0

       ELSEIF ( cn(mgs) .gt. ccnc(mgs) ) THEN

         cn(mgs) = ccnc(mgs)

         ccnc(mgs) = 0.0

       ENDIF

      cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)

      ccnc(mgs) = max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))

      ENDIF


      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 2 ) THEN !} {

      ! simple Twomey scheme

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR:  Cloud reNucleation, wvel = ',wvel(mgs)

       cn(mgs) =   ccne0*cnuc(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp ! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

!      ccne = ccnefac*1.e6*(1.e-6*Abs(cwccn))**(2./(2.+cck))

!!!       CN(mgs) = Max( 0.0, CN(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ! this was from

               ! Philips, Donner et al. 2007, but results in too much limitation of

               ! nucleation

       cn(mgs) = min(cn(mgs), ccnc(mgs))

       cn(mgs) = min(cn(mgs), 0.5*dqc/cwmasn) ! limit the nucleation mass to half of the condensation mass

       cn(mgs) = min( cn(mgs), max(0.0, (cnuc(mgs) - ccna(mgs) )) )


        IF ( .false. .and. ny <= 2 ) THEN

          write(0,*) 'i,k, cwmasn = ',igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),cwmasn

          write(0,*) 'wvel, cnuc, cn = ',wvel(mgs),cnuc(mgs),cn(mgs)

          write(0,*) 'ccne0,cnexp,cck = ',ccne0,cnexp,cck

          write(0,*) 'part1, part2 = ',ccne0*cnuc(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck)), max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp

          write(0,*) 'ccnc, dqc, dqc/cwmasn = ',ccnc(mgs), dqc, 0.5*dqc/cwmasn

        ENDIF


       IF ( icnuclimit > 0 ) THEN

         tmp = ccnc(mgs) + cx(mgs,lc)

         IF ( tmp < 330.34e6 ) THEN

           ccwmax = 1.1173e6 * (1.e-6*tmp)**0.9504

         ELSE

           ccwmax = 21.57e6 * (1.e-6*tmp)**0.44

         ENDIF


!         IF ( cn(mgs) > 0. ) THEN

!          write(0,*) 'cn,tmp,ccwmax,cx,c-cx = ',cn(mgs),tmp,ccwmax,cx(mgs,lc),ccwmax - cx(mgs,lc)

!         ENDIF


        cn(mgs) = max( 0.0, min( cn(mgs), ccwmax - cx(mgs,lc) ) )


       ENDIF


       cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)


       IF ( lccna < 1 ) ccnc(mgs) = max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))


      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 3 ) THEN !} {

      ! Phillips Donner Garner 2007

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR:  Cloud reNucleation, wvel = ',wvel(mgs)

!       CN(mgs) =   cwccn*Min(ssf(mgs),ssfcut)**cck


! Need to calculate new ssf since condensation has happened:

         temp1 = (theta0(mgs)+thetap(mgs))*pk(mgs) ! t77(ix,jy,kz)

          ltemq = int( (temp1-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


          c1= pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)


          ssf(mgs) = 0.0

          IF ( c1 > 0. ) THEN

            ssf(mgs) = 100.*(qx(mgs,lv)/c1 - 1.0)  ! from "new" values

          ENDIF

       cn(mgs) =   cnuc(mgs)*min(1.0, (ssf(mgs))**cck ) !


       cn(mgs) = max( 0.0, cn(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ! this was from

               ! Philips, Donner et al. 2007, but results in too much limitation of

               ! nucleation

       cn(mgs) = min(cn(mgs), ccnc(mgs))

       cn(mgs) = min(cn(mgs), 0.5*dqc/cwmasn) ! limit the nucleation mass to half of the condensation mass


       cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)


       ! 6/13/2016: Phillips et al. appears not to decrement CCN, but only increments CCNa.

       ! This would allow an initially non-homogeneous (vertically, e.g.) initial value of CCN/rho_air

        ccnc(mgs) = max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))


      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 4 ) THEN !} {

      ! modification of Phillips Donner Garner 2007

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR:  Cloud reNucleation, wvel = ',wvel(mgs)

!       CN(mgs) =   CCNE0*cnuc(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*Max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp

!       cn(mgs) = Min( cn(mgs), cnuc(mgs) )

! Need to calculate new ssf since condensation has happened:

         temp1 = (theta0(mgs)+thetap(mgs))*pk(mgs) ! t77(ix,jy,kz)

          ltemq = int( (temp1-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


          c1= pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

          IF ( c1 > 0. ) THEN

            ssf(mgs) = max(0.0, 100.*((qv0(mgs) + qwvp(mgs))/c1 - 1.0) )  ! from "new" values

          ELSE

            ssf(mgs) = 0.0

          ENDIF

       cn(mgs) =   cnuc(mgs)*min(ssf2kmax, ssf(mgs)**cck) ! this allows cn(mgs) > cnuc(mgs)


       cn(mgs) = max( 0.0, cn(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ! this was from

               ! Philips, Donner et al. 2007, but results in too much limitation of

               ! nucleation

!       CN(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), ccnc(mgs))

       cn(mgs) = min(cn(mgs), 0.5*dqc/cwmasn) ! limit the nucleation mass to half of the condensation mass


       IF ( cn(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

       cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)

       ! ccnc(mgs) = Max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))


       dcrit = 2.0*2.5e-7


       dcloud = 1000.*dcrit**3*pi/6.*cn(mgs)

        qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dcloud

        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + felvcp(mgs)*dcloud/(pi0(mgs))

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - dcloud

        ENDIF

       ! 6/13/2016: Phillips et al. appears not to decrement CCN, but only increments CCNa.

       ! This would allow an initially non-homogeneous (vertically, e.g.) initial value of CCN/rho_air

!        ccnc(mgs) = Max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))


      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 6 ) THEN !} {


      ! simple Twomey scheme but limit activation to try to do most activation near cloud base, but keep some CCN available for renuclation

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR:  Cloud reNucleation, wvel = ',wvel(mgs)

       cn(mgs) = 0.0

!       IF ( ccna(mgs) < 0.7*cnuc(mgs) .and. ccnc(mgs) > 0.69*cnuc(mgs) - ccna(mgs)) THEN ! here, assume we are near cloud base and use Twomey formulation

       IF ( ccna(mgs) < 0.7*cnuc(mgs) ) THEN ! here, assume we are near cloud base and use Twomey formulation

         cn(mgs) =  min( 0.9*cnuc(mgs), ccne0*cnuc(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp )! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

!         IF ( cn(mgs) + ccna(mgs) > 0.71*cnuc ) THEN

         ! prevent this branch from activating more than 70% of CCN

           cn(mgs) = min( cn(mgs), max(0.0, (0.7*cnuc(mgs) - ccna(mgs) )) )

!           CN(mgs) = Min( CN(mgs), Max(0.0, 0.71*ccnc(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) )


       ELSE

        ! if a large fraction of CCN have been activated, then assume we are in the cloud interior and use local SSw as in Phillips et al. 2007.


         temp1 = (theta0(mgs)+thetap(mgs))*pk(mgs) ! t77(ix,jy,kz)

!          t0(ix,jy,kz) = temp1

          ltemq = int( (temp1-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


!          c1 = t00(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))*tabqvs(ltemq)

          c1= pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

          IF ( c1 > 0. ) THEN

            ssf(mgs) = max(0.0, 100.*((qv0(mgs) + qwvp(mgs))/c1 - 1.0) )  ! from "new" values

          ELSE

            ssf(mgs) = 0.0

          ENDIF


!        CN(mgs) = cnuc(mgs)*Min(0.99, Min(ssf(mgs),ssfcut)**cck ) !

         cn(mgs) =   cnuc(mgs)*min(2.0, max(0.0,ssf(mgs))**cck ) !

!         CN(mgs) =   cnuc(mgs)*Min(ssf(mgs),ssfcut)**cck !


        cn(mgs) = min(0.01*cnuc(mgs), max( 0.0, cn(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ) ! this was from

!        cn(mgs) = 0.0

       ENDIF

!      ccne = ccnefac*1.e6*(1.e-6*Abs(cwccn))**(2./(2.+cck))

!!!       CN(mgs) = Max( 0.0, CN(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ! this was from

               ! Philips, Donner et al. 2007, but results in too much limitation of

               ! nucleation

!       CN(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), ccnc(mgs))

!       cn(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), 0.5*dqc/cwmasn) ! limit the nucleation mass to half of the condensation mass


       IF ( cn(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

       cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)


       ! create some small droplets at minimum size (CP 2000), although it adds very little liquid


       dcrit = 2.0*2.5e-7


       dcloud = 1000.*dcrit**3*pi/6.*cn(mgs)

        qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dcloud

        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + felvcp(mgs)*dcloud/(pi0(mgs))

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - dcloud

  !      ccnc(mgs) = Max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))

        ENDIF

      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 5 ) THEN !} {


      ! modification of Phillips Donner Garner 2007

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR:  Cloud reNucleation, wvel = ',wvel(mgs)

!      CN(mgs) =  Min( 0.91*cnuc(mgs), CCNE0*cnuc(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*Max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp )! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

       cn(mgs) =  min( cnuc(mgs),  ccne0*cnuc(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp )


        IF ( ccna(mgs) >= cnuc(mgs) ) THEN ! apply limit after all "base" CCN have been depleted

        temp1 = (theta0(mgs)+thetap(mgs))*pk(mgs) ! t77(ix,jy,kz)

          ltemq = int( (temp1-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


          IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

            c1 = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

          ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

            c1 = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

          ENDIF

          IF ( c1 > 0. ) THEN

            ssf(mgs) = max(0.0, 100.*((qv0(mgs) + qwvp(mgs))/c1 - 1.0) )  ! from "new" values

          ELSE

            ssf(mgs) = 0.0

          ENDIF


       cn(mgs) =   max( cn(mgs), cnuc(mgs)*min(ssf2kmax, ssf(mgs)**cck) ) ! this allows cn(mgs) > cnuc(mgs)


   !    cn(mgs) = Min( cn(mgs), cnuc(mgs) )


!       IF ( ccna(mgs) >= cnuc(mgs) ) THEN ! apply limit after all "base" CCN have been depleted

       cn(mgs) = max( 0.0, cn(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ! this was from


       ELSE

         cn(mgs) =  min( cn(mgs), cnuc(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ! no more than remaining "base" CCN

       ENDIF

               ! Philips, Donner et al. 2007, but results in too much limitation of

               ! nucleation

!       CN(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), ccnc(mgs))

!       cn(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), 0.5*dqc/cwmasn) ! limit the nucleation mass to half of the condensation mass

       dcrit = 2.0*2.0e-6

       dcloud = 1000.*dcrit**3*pi/6.

 !      cn(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), 0.5*dqc/dcloud) ! limit the nucleation mass to half of the condensation mass

       ! check new droplet size:

         ! tmp is number of droplets at diameter dcrit

         tmp = max(0.0,  rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/dcloud - cx(mgs,lc)) ! (cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs))

         cn(mgs) = min(tmp, cn(mgs) )


       IF ( cn(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

       cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)


       dcrit = 2.5e-7


       dcloud = 1000.*dcrit**3*pi/6.*cn(mgs)

        qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dcloud

        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + felvcp(mgs)*dcloud/(pi0(mgs))

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - dcloud

        ENDIF

       ! 6/13/2016: Phillips et al. appears not to decrement CCN, but only increments CCNa.

       ! This would allow an initially non-homogeneous (vertically, e.g.) initial value of CCN/rho_air

       ! ccnc(mgs) = Max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))

      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 7 .or. irenuc == 17 ) THEN !} {


      ! simple Twomey scheme but limit activation to try to do most activation near cloud base, but keep some CCN available for renuclation

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR:  Cloud reNucleation, wvel = ',wvel(mgs)

       cn(mgs) = 0.0

       IF ( irenuc == 7 ) THEN

         frac = 0.9

       ELSE

         frac = 0.98

       ENDIF

!       IF ( ccna(mgs) < 0.7*cnuc(mgs) .and. ccnc(mgs) > 0.69*cnuc(mgs) - ccna(mgs)) THEN ! here, assume we are near cloud base and use Twomey formulation

       IF ( ccna(mgs) < frac*cnuc(mgs) ) THEN ! { here, assume we are near cloud base and use Twomey formulation

         cn(mgs) =  min( (frac+0.01)*cnuc(mgs), ccne0*cnuc(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp )! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

!         IF ( cn(mgs) + ccna(mgs) > 0.71*cnuc ) THEN

         ! prevent this branch from activating more than 70% of CCN

           cn(mgs) = min( cn(mgs), max(0.0, (frac*cnuc(mgs) - ccna(mgs) )) )

!           CN(mgs) = Min( CN(mgs), Max(0.0, 0.71*ccnc(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) )

         !  write(0,*) '1: k,cn = ',kgs(mgs),cn(mgs),ssf(mgs)

!!           IF ( ccncuf(mgs) > 0.0 .and. cn(mgs) < 1.e-3 .and. ssmax(mgs) > 1.0 ) THEN

!           IF ( ccncuf(mgs) > 0.0 .and. ssf(mgs) > ssmxuf .and. ssmax(mgs) > ssmxuf ) THEN

!            CNuf(mgs) =  Min( ccncuf(mgs), CCNE0*ccncuf(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*Max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp )! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

          !  IF ( cnuf(mgs) >= 0.0 ) write(0,*) '1: cnuf, k = ',cnuf(mgs),ccncuf(mgs),kgs(mgs)

!           ENDIF


       ELSE ! }{

        ! if a large fraction of CCN have been activated, then assume we are in the cloud interior and use local SSw as in Phillips et al. 2007.


         temp1 = (theta0(mgs)+thetap(mgs))*pk(mgs) ! t77(ix,jy,kz)

!          t0(ix,jy,kz) = temp1

          ltemq = int( (temp1-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


        !  c1 = t00(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))*tabqvs(ltemq)

          IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

            c1 = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

          ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

            c1 = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

          ENDIF


          ssf(mgs) = 0.0

          IF ( c1 > 0. ) THEN

            ssf(mgs) = 100.*(qx(mgs,lv)/c1 - 1.0)  ! from "new" values

          ENDIF


!          IF ( ssf(mgs) <= 1.0 .or. cnuc(mgs) > ccna(mgs) ) THEN

          IF ( ssf(mgs) <= 1.0 ) THEN

          cn(mgs) =   cnuc(mgs)*min(1.0, max(0.0,ssf(mgs))**cck ) !

          ELSE

          cn(mgs) =   cnuc(mgs)*min(2.0, max(0.0,0.03*(ssf(mgs)-1.0)+1.)**cck ) !

!          write(0,*) 'iren7: ssf,ssmx = ',ssf(mgs),ssmax(mgs),cn(mgs),ccna(mgs),cnuc(mgs)

!          write(0,*) 'c1,qv = ',c1,qx(mgs,lv),temp1,ltemq

          ENDIF


         !  write(0,*) 'k,cn = ',kgs(mgs),cn(mgs),ssf(mgs)

         !  write(0,*) 'ccn-ccna = ',cnuc(mgs) - ccna(mgs),ccnc(mgs) - ccna(mgs)

!           IF ( ccncuf(mgs) > 0.0 .and. cn(mgs) < 1.e-3 .and. ssmax(mgs) > 1.0 ) THEN

           IF ( ccncuf(mgs) > 0.0 .and. ssf(mgs) > ssmxuf .and. ( ssmax(mgs) > ssmxuf .or. lss < 1 ) ) THEN

            cnuf(mgs) =  min( ccncuf(mgs), ccne0*ccncuf(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp )! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

          !  IF ( cnuf(mgs) >= 0.0 ) write(0,*) 'cnuf, k = ',cnuf(mgs),ccncuf(mgs),kgs(mgs)

           ENDIF


!        CN(mgs) = Min( Min(0.1,ssf(mgs)-1.)*cnuc(mgs), Max( 0.0, CN(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ) ! this was from

!        CN(mgs) = Min( Min(0.5*cx(mgs,lc), Min(0.1,ssf(mgs)/100.)*cnuc(mgs)), Max( 0.0, CN(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ) ! this was from


        cn(mgs) = min(0.01*cnuc(mgs), max( 0.0, cn(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ) ! this was from


       ENDIF ! }

!      ccne = ccnefac*1.e6*(1.e-6*Abs(cwccn))**(2./(2.+cck))

!!!       CN(mgs) = Max( 0.0, CN(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ! this was from

               ! Philips, Donner et al. 2007, but results in too much limitation of

               ! nucleation

!       CN(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), ccnc(mgs))

!       cn(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), 0.5*dqc/cwmasn) ! limit the nucleation mass to half of the condensation mass


        IF ( icnuclimit > 0 ) THEN

! max droplet conc. based on Chandrakar et al. (2016) and Konwar et al. (2012)

           tmp = ccnc(mgs) - ccna(mgs) + cx(mgs,lc)

           IF ( tmp < 330.34e6 ) THEN

             ccwmax = 1.1173e6 * (1.e-6*tmp)**0.9504

           ELSE

             ccwmax = 21.57e6 * (1.e-6*tmp)**0.44

           ENDIF


           cn(mgs) = max( 0.0, min( cn(mgs), ccwmax - cx(mgs,lc) ) )


        ENDIF


       IF ( cn(mgs) + cnuf(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN


       dcrit = 2.0*2.0e-6

       dcloud = 1000.*dcrit**3*pi/6.

 !      cn(mgs) = Min(cn(mgs), 0.5*dqc/dcloud) ! limit the nucleation mass to half of the condensation mass

       ! check new droplet size:

         ! tmp is number of droplets at diameter dcrit

         tmp = max(0.0,  rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/dcloud - cx(mgs,lc)) ! (cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs))

         cn(mgs) = min(tmp, cn(mgs) )


        cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs) + cnuf(mgs)


       ! create some small droplets at minimum size (CP 2000), although it adds very little liquid


       dcrit = 2.0*2.5e-7

       dcloud = 1000.*dcrit**3*pi/6.*(cn(mgs) + cnuf(mgs) )

        qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dcloud

        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + felvcp(mgs)*dcloud/(pi0(mgs))

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - dcloud

  !      ccnc(mgs) = Max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))

         ccncuf(mgs) = max(0.0, ccncuf(mgs) - cnuf(mgs))

        ENDIF


      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 8 ) THEN !} {

      ! simple Twomey scheme

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_DR:  Cloud reNucleation, wvel = ',wvel(mgs)


       cn(mgs) = 0.0


       IF ( ccnc(mgs) > 0. ) THEN

       cn(mgs) =   ccne0*ccnc(mgs)**(2./(2.+cck))*max(0.0,wvel(mgs))**cnexp ! *Min(1.0,1./dtp) ! 0.3465

!      ccne = ccnefac*1.e6*(1.e-6*Abs(cwccn))**(2./(2.+cck))

!!!       CN(mgs) = Max( 0.0, CN(mgs) - ccna(mgs) ) ! this was from

               ! Philips, Donner et al. 2007, but results in too much limitation of

               ! nucleation

       cn(mgs) = min(cn(mgs), ccnc(mgs))


       ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,lc) < 0.01e9 ) THEN


        ! if a large fraction of CCN have been activated, then assume we are in the cloud interior and use local SSw as in Phillips et al. 2007.


         temp1 = (theta0(mgs)+thetap(mgs))*pk(mgs) ! t77(ix,jy,kz)

!          t0(ix,jy,kz) = temp1

          ltemq = int( (temp1-163.15)/fqsat+1.5 )

         ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


        !  c1 = t00(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))*tabqvs(ltemq)

          IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

            c1 = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

          ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

            c1 = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

          ENDIF


          ssf(mgs) = 0.0

          IF ( c1 > 0. ) THEN

            ssf(mgs) = 100.*(qx(mgs,lv)/c1 - 1.0)  ! from "new" values

          ENDIF


!          IF ( ssf(mgs) <= 1.0 .or. cnuc(mgs) > ccna(mgs) ) THEN

          IF ( ssf(mgs) <= 1.0 ) THEN

          cn(mgs) = 0.0

          ELSE

!           CN(mgs) = 0.01e9*rho0(mgs)/rho00*Min(2.0, Max(0.0,0.03*(ssf(mgs)-1.0)+1.)**cck ) - cx(mgs,lc) !

           cn(mgs) = 0.01e9*min(2.0, max(0.0,0.03*(ssf(mgs)-1.0)+1.)**cck ) - cx(mgs,lc) !

          ENDIF


       ENDIF


       IF ( cn(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

       cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)


       ! ccnc(mgs) = Max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))


       ! create some small droplets at minimum size (CP 2000), although it adds very little liquid


       dcrit = 2.0*2.5e-7


       dcloud = 1000.*dcrit**3*pi/6.*cn(mgs)

        qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dcloud

        thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + felvcp(mgs)*dcloud/(pi0(mgs))

        qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - dcloud

  !      ccnc(mgs) = Max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs))

        ENDIF


      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 9 .or. irenuc == 10 ) THEN ! } {


         write(0,*) 'irenuc=9 requires nuwrfmods=1'


      ELSEIF ( irenuc == 11 ) THEN ! } {


         write(0,*) 'irenuc=11 requires nuwrfmods=1'

      ENDIF ! }


      ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) + cn(mgs)


      ENDIF ! irenuc >= 0 .and. .not. flag_qndrop


      ! IF( cx(mgs,lc) .GT. 0. .AND. qx(mgs,lc) .LE. qxmin(lc)) cx(mgs,lc)=0.

      GO TO 631

!.... NUCLEATION ON CLOUD INFLOW BOUNDARY POINT


  613 CONTINUE


  631  CONTINUE


!

! Check for supersaturation greater than ssmx and adjust down

!

       ssmx = maxsupersat

       qv1 = qv0(mgs) + qwvp(mgs)

       qvs1 = qvs(mgs)


!       IF ( flag_qndrop .and. do_satadj_for_wrfchem ) ssmx = 1.04 ! set lower threshold for progn=1 when using WRF-CHEM


       IF ( qv1 .gt. (ssmx*qvs1) ) THEN

! use line below to disable saturation adjustment when flag_qndrop is true

!       IF ( qv1 .gt. (ssmx*qvs1) .and. .not. flag_qndrop ) THEN


         ss1 = qv1/qvs1


        ssmx = 100.*(ssmx - 1.0)


        qvex = 0.0


        CALL qvexcess(ngs,mgs,qwvp,qv0,qx(1,lc),pres,thetap,theta0,qvex,   &

     &    pi0,tabqvs,nqsat,fqsat,cbw,fcqv1,felvcp,ssmx,pk,ngscnt)


        IF ( qvex .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + felvcp(mgs)*qvex/(pi0(mgs))

          IF ( io_flag .and. nxtra > 1 ) THEN

             axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),1) = axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),1) + qvex/dtp

          ENDIF

          qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - qvex

          qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + qvex

          IF ( .not. flag_qndrop) THEN

            IF ( imaxsupopt == 1 ) THEN

              cn(mgs) = min( max(ccnc(mgs),cwnccn(mgs)), rho0(mgs)*qvex/max( cwmasn5, xmas(mgs,lc) )  )

            ELSEIF ( imaxsupopt == 2 ) THEN

              cn(mgs) = min( max(ccnc(mgs),cwnccn(mgs)), rho0(mgs)*qvex/max( cwmasn5, max(cwmas30,xmas(mgs,lc)) )  )

            ELSEIF ( imaxsupopt == 3 ) THEN

              cn(mgs) = min( max(ccnc(mgs),cwnccn(mgs)), rho0(mgs)*qvex/max( cwmasn5, max(cwmasx,xmas(mgs,lc)) )  )

!            cn(mgs) = 1.5*cxmin

            ELSEIF ( imaxsupopt == 4 ) THEN

              cn(mgs) = min( max(ccnc(mgs),cwnccn(mgs)), rho0(mgs)*qvex/max( cwmasn5, max(cwmas20,xmas(mgs,lc)) )  )

            ENDIF


            IF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

             !IF ( ac_opt == 0 ) THEN

               ccna(mgs) = ccna(mgs) + cn(mgs)

             !ENDIF

            ELSE

              ccnc(mgs) = max( 0.0, ccnc(mgs) - cn(mgs) )

            ENDIF


            cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cn(mgs)


          ENDIF ! flag_qndrop


        ENDIF ! ( qvex .gt. 0.0 )


       ENDIF ! ( qv1 .gt. (ssmx*qvs1) )


!

! Calculate droplet volume and check if it is within bounds.

!  Adjust if necessary

!

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0) write(0,*) "ICEZVD_DR: check droplet volume"


!      cx(mgs,lc) = Min( cwnccn(mgs), cx(mgs,lc) )

      IF( cx(mgs,lc) > cxmin .AND. qx(mgs,lc) .GT. qxmin(lc)) THEN

!        SVC(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/(cx(mgs,lc)*xdn(mgs,lc))

        xmas(mgs,lc) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/(cx(mgs,lc))


       IF (  xmas(mgs,lc) < cwmasn .or.  xmas(mgs,lc) > cwmasx ) THEN

        tmp = cx(mgs,lc)

        xmas(mgs,lc) = min( xmas(mgs,lc), cwmasx )

        xmas(mgs,lc) = max( xmas(mgs,lc), cwmasn )

        cx(mgs,lc) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/xmas(mgs,lc)

!        IF ( cx(mgs,lc) > tmp*1.1 ) THEN

!        ENDIF

       ENDIF

      ENDIF


!      IF( cx(mgs,lc) .GT. 10.e6 .AND. qx(mgs,lc) .GT. qxmin(lc) ) GO TO 681

!        ccwtmp = cx(mgs,lc)

!        cwmastmp = xmas(mgs,lc)

!       xmas(mgs,lc) = Max(xmas(mgs,lc), cwmasn)

!       IF (qx(mgs,lc) .GT. qxmin(lc) .AND. cx(mgs,lc) .le. 0.) THEN

!          cx(mgs,lc) = Min(0.5*cwccn,rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/xmas(mgs,lc))

!          xmas(mgs,lc) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/cx(mgs,lc)

!       ENDIF

!      IF (cx(mgs,lc) .GT. 0. .AND. qx(mgs,lc) .GT. qxmin(lc))    &

!     &        xmas(mgs,lc) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/cx(mgs,lc)

!      IF (qx(mgs,lc) .GT. qxmin(lc) .AND. xmas(mgs,lc) .LT. cwmasn)    &

!     &          xmas(mgs,lc) = cwmasn

!      IF (qx(mgs,lc) .GT. qxmin(lc) .AND. xmas(mgs,lc) .GT. cwmasx)    &

!     &    xmas(mgs,lc) = cwmasx

!      IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) ) THEN

!        cx(mgs,lc) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/Max(cwmasn,xmas(mgs,lc))

!      ENDIF

!

!

! 681  CONTINUE


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 .and. rcond == 2 ) THEN


        IF (cx(mgs,lr) .GT. 0. .AND. qx(mgs,lr) .GT. qxmin(lr))    &

     &       xv(mgs,lr)=rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr))

        IF (xv(mgs,lr) .GT. xvmx(lr)) xv(mgs,lr) = xvmx(lr)

        IF (xv(mgs,lr) .LT. xvmn(lr)) xv(mgs,lr) = xvmn(lr)


      ENDIF


      ENDDO ! mgs


! ################################################################

      DO mgs=1,ngscnt

      IF ( lss > 1 .and. ssf(mgs) .gt. ssmax(mgs)    &

     &  .and. ( idecss .eq. 0 .or. qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc)) ) THEN

        ssmax(mgs) = ssf(mgs)

      ENDIF

      ENDDO

!


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lt) = theta0(mgs) + thetap(mgs)

      an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lv) =  qv0(mgs) + qwvp(mgs)

!      tmp3d(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) = tmp3d(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) + t9(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) !  pi0(mgs) ! wvdf(mgs) ! ssf(mgs) ! cn(mgs)

!

      IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

        p2(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) = pipert(mgs)

      ENDIF


       if ( ido(lc) .eq. 1 )  then

        an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lc) = qx(mgs,lc) +    &

     &    min( an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lc), 0.0 )

!        qx(mgs,lc) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lc)

       end if

!


       if ( ido(lr) .eq. 1 .and. rcond == 2 )  then

        an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lr) = qx(mgs,lr) +    &

     &    min( an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lr), 0.0 )

!        qx(mgs,lr) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lr)

       end if


        IF ( lzr > 1 .and. rcond == 2 ) THEN

        an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lzr) = zx(mgs,lr) +  &

     &    min( an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lzr), 0.0 )

        ENDIF


       IF (  ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

        an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnc) = max(cx(mgs,lc) , 0.0)

       ! IF ( ac_opt > 10 .and. (cx(mgs,lc) > 0. .or. ccna(mgs) > 0. ) ) THEN

       !   write(0,*) 'i,k final cx/cna = ',igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),cx(mgs,lc),ccna(mgs)

       ! ENDIF


        IF ( lss > 1 ) an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lss) = max( 0.0, ssmax(mgs) )

        IF ( ac_opt == 0 ) THEN

          IF ( lccn .gt. 1 .and. lccna .lt. 1  ) THEN

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn) = max(0.0,  ccnc(mgs) )

          ENDIF

        ELSEIF ( ac_opt == 1 .and. lccn > 1) THEN

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn) = max( 0.0, ccnc(mgs) ) ! cn are depleted for ac_opt=1 or 2

        ELSEIF ( ac_opt == 11 .and. lccna > 1) THEN

           ! an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccna) = Max( 0.0, ccna(mgs) ) ! done below

        ELSEIF ( ac_opt == 2 .and. lccn > 1) THEN

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn) = max( 0.0, ccnc(mgs) )

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcn_nu) = max( 0.0, ccnc_nu(mgs) )

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcn_co) = max( 0.0, ccnc_co(mgs) )

        ELSEIF ( ac_opt == 22 .and. lccna > 1) THEN

           ! an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccna) = Max( 0.0, ccna(mgs) ) ! done below

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnanu) = max( 0.0, ccnanu(mgs) )

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnaco) = max( 0.0, ccnaco(mgs) )

        ENDIF

        IF ( lccnuf .gt. 1 .and. .not. ( lccna .gt. 1 .and. i_uf_or_ccn > 0 ) ) THEN

          an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccnuf) = max(0.0,  ccncuf(mgs) )

        ENDIF

        IF ( lccna .gt. 1 ) THEN

          an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccna) = max(0.0, ccna(mgs) )

        ENDIF

       ENDIF ! ipconc >= 2

       IF (  ipconc .ge. 3 .and. rcond == 2 ) THEN

        an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnr) = max(cx(mgs,lr) , 0.0)

       ENDIF

      end do


29998 continue


      if ( kz .gt. nz-1 .and. ix .ge. nxi) then

        if ( ix .ge. nxi ) then

         go to 2200 ! exit gather scatter

        else

         nzmpb = kz

        endif

      else

        nzmpb = kz

      end if


      if ( ix .ge. nxi ) then

        nxmpb = 1

        nzmpb = kz+1

      else

       nxmpb = ix+1

      end if


 2000 continue ! inumgs

 2200 continue

!

!  end of gather scatter (for this jy slice)


! Redistribute inappreciable cloud particles and charge

!

! Redistribution everywhere in the domain...

!

! moved to separate subroutine (below)

!


   9999 RETURN


   END SUBROUTINE nucond


! #####################################################################

! #####################################################################

! Clean up tiny values of mixing ratio

! Redistribute inappreciable cloud particles and charge

!

! Redistribution everywhere in the domain...

!

     subroutine smallvalues   &

     &  (nx,ny,nz,na,jyslab &

     &  ,nor,norz,dtp,nxi &

     &  ,t0 &

     &  ,an,dn, w &

     &  ,t77,flag_qndrop  &

     & )


      implicit none


      integer :: nx,ny,nz,na,nxi

      integer :: nor,norz, jyslab ! ,nht,ngt,igsr

      real    :: dtp  ! time step

      logical,intent(in) :: flag_qndrop


!

! external temporary arrays

!

      real t77(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real t0(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real an(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz,na)

      real dn(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)

      real w(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+1:nz+norz)


    ! local


      logical zerocx(lc:lqmx)


      real :: frac, hwdn, tmpg, xdia1, xdia3, cwch,xvol


      integer ix,kz,i,n, km1

      integer :: il

      integer :: jy, jgs

      real :: chw, g1, z1, tmp, tmp2, fw, tmpmx, qr


! Redistribute inappreciable cloud particles and charge

!

! Redistribution everywhere in the domain...

!

       jy = 1


      frac = 1.0 ! 0.25 ! 1.0 ! 0.2


      cwch = ((3. + alphah)*(2. + alphah)*(1.0 + alphah))**(-1./3.)

!

!  alternate test version for ipconc .ge. 3

!  just vaporize stuff to prevent noise in the number concentrations


      do kz = 1,nz

!      do jy = 1,1

      do ix = 1,nxi


      t0(ix,jy,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lt)*t77(ix,jy,kz)


      zerocx(:) = .false.

      DO il = lc,lhab

       IF ( iresetmoments == 1 .or. iresetmoments == il ) THEN

        IF ( ln(il) > 1 ) zerocx(il) = ( an(ix,jy,kz,ln(il)) < cxmin )

        IF ( lz(il) > 1 ) zerocx(il) = ( zerocx(il) .or. (an(ix,jy,kz,lz(il)) < zxmin) )

       ELSE

        IF ( il == lc ) THEN

          IF ( ln(il) > 1 ) THEN

           zerocx(il) = ( an(ix,jy,kz,ln(il)) <= 0.0 ) .and. .not. flag_qndrop ! do not reset if progn=1 (WRF-CHEM)

          ENDIF

        ELSE

         IF ( ln(il) > 1 ) zerocx(il) = ( an(ix,jy,kz,ln(il)) <= 0.0 )

        ENDIF

       ENDIF

      ENDDO


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


      IF ( lzhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


        an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) = max(0.0, an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) )


        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) .ge. frac*qxmin(lhl) .and. rescale_low_alpha ) THEN ! check 6th moment


          IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


           IF ( lvhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

             IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

               hwdn = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

             ELSE

               hwdn = xdn0(lhl)

             ENDIF

             hwdn = max( xdnmn(lhl), hwdn )

           ELSE

             hwdn = xdn0(lhl)

           ENDIF


             chw = an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)

             g1 = (6.0+alphamin)*(5.0+alphamin)*(4.0+alphamin)/   &

     &            ((3.0+alphamin)*(2.0+alphamin)*(1.0+alphamin))

             z1 = g1*dn(ix,jy,kz)**2*( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) )*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/chw

             z1 = z1*(6./(pi*hwdn))**2

          ELSE

             z1 = 0.0

          ENDIF


          an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) = min( z1, an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) )


          IF (  an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) .lt. 1.e-5 ) THEN

!            an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) = 0.9*an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl)

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


      ENDIF !lzhl


      if ( (an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) .lt. frac*qxmin(lhl)) .or. zerocx(lhl) ) then


!        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) .gt. 0 ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)

          an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) = 0.0

!        ENDIF


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN ! .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lvhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lhlw .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lhlw) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lnhlf .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lnhlf) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lzhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lzhl) = 0.0

        ENDIF


      ELSE

       IF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1 ) THEN  ! check density

        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

         tmp = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

        ELSE ! in case volume is zero but mass is above threshold (should not happen, of course)

          tmp = rho_qhl

          an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/tmp

        ENDIF


        IF (  tmp .lt. xdnmn(lhl) ) THEN

          tmp = max( xdnmn(lhl), tmp )

          an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/tmp

        ENDIF


        IF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(lhl) .and. lhlw .le. 0 ) THEN ! no liquid allowed on hail

          tmp = min( xdnmx(lhl), tmp )

          an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/tmp

        ELSEIF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(lhl) .and. lhlw .gt. 1 ) THEN  ! allow for liquid on hail

          fw = an(ix,jy,kz,lhlw)/an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)

!          tmpmx = xdnmx(lhl) + fw*(xdnmx(lr) - xdnmx(lhl)) ! maximum possible average density

                                                           ! it is not exactly linear, but approx. is close enough for this

!          tmpmx = 1./( (1. - fw)/900. + fw/1000. ) is exact max, where 900 is xdnmx


          tmpmx = xdnmx(lhl)/( 1. - fw*(1. - xdnmx(lhl)/xdnmx(lr) ))


          IF ( tmp .gt. tmpmx  ) THEN

            an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/tmpmx

          ENDIF


!          IF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(lhl) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lhlw) .lt. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

!            tmp = Min( xdnmx(lhl), tmp )

!            an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/tmp

!          ELSEIF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(lr) ) THEN

!            tmp =  xdnmx(lr)

!            an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/tmp

!          ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( lhlw .gt. 1 ) THEN ! check if basically pure water

          IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhlw) .gt. 0.98*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) ) THEN

           tmp = xdnmx(lr)

           an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/tmp

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


       ENDIF


         IF ( lvhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

             hwdn = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

           ELSE

             hwdn = xdn0(lhl)

           ENDIF

           hwdn = max( xdnmn(lhl), hwdn )

         ELSE

           hwdn = xdn0(lhl)

         ENDIF


         IF ( ipconc >= 5 .and.  an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

            qr = an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)

            xvol = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/(hwdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl))

            chw = an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)


             IF ( xvol .lt. xvmn(lhl) .or. xvol .gt. xvmx(lhl) ) THEN

              xvol = min( xvmx(lhl), max( xvmn(lhl),xvol ) )

              chw = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/(xvol*hwdn)

              an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) = chw

             ENDIF

          ENDIF


!  CHECK INTERCEPT

       IF ( ipconc == 5 .and.  an(ix,jy,kz,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and.  alphahl .le. 0.1 .and. lnhl .gt. 1 .and. lzhl == 0 ) THEN


         IF ( lvhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

           hwdn = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvhl)

         ELSE

           hwdn = xdn0(lhl)

         ENDIF

           tmp = (hwdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl))/(dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl))

           tmpg = an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl)*(tmp*pi)**(1./3.)

           IF ( tmpg .lt. cnohlmn ) THEN

             tmp = ( (hwdn)/(dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lhl))*pi)**(1./3.)

              an(ix,jy,kz,lnhl) = (cnohlmn/tmp)**(3./4.)

           ENDIF


       ENDIF

!      ELSE  ! check mean size here?


      end if


      ENDIF !lhl


      IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN


        an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) = max(0.0, an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) )


        IF ( .false. .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .ge. frac*qxmin(lh) .and. rescale_low_alpha ) THEN


          IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


           IF ( lvh .gt. 1 ) THEN

             IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

               hwdn = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

             ELSE

               hwdn = xdn0(lh)

             ENDIF

             hwdn = max( xdnmn(lh), hwdn )

           ELSE

             hwdn = xdn0(lh)

           ENDIF


             chw = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)

             g1 = (6.0+alphamin)*(5.0+alphamin)*(4.0+alphamin)/   &

     &            ((3.0+alphamin)*(2.0+alphamin)*(1.0+alphamin))

             z1 = g1*dn(ix,jy,kz)**2*( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) )*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/chw

             z1  = z1*(6./(pi*hwdn))**2

          ELSE

             z1 = 0.0

          ENDIF


          an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) = min( z1, an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) )


          IF (  an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) .lt. 1.e-5 ) THEN

!            an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) = 0.9*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


      ENDIF


      if ( (an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .lt. frac*qxmin(lh)) .or. zerocx(lh) ) then


!        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .gt. 0 ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,lh)

          an(ix,jy,kz,lh) = 0.0

!        ENDIF


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN ! .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lvh .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lhw .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lhw) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lnhf .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lnhf) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lzh) = 0.0

        ENDIF


      ELSE

       IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 ) THEN  ! check density

        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

         tmp = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

        ELSE

         tmp = rho_qh

          an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/tmp

        ENDIF


        IF (  tmp .lt. xdnmn(lh) ) THEN

          tmp = max( xdnmn(lh), tmp )

          an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/tmp

        ENDIF


        IF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(lh) .and. lhw .le. 0 ) THEN ! no liquid allowed on graupel

          tmp = min( xdnmx(lh), tmp )

          an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/tmp

        ELSEIF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(lh) .and. lhw .gt. 1 ) THEN  ! allow for liquid on graupel

          fw = an(ix,jy,kz,lhw)/an(ix,jy,kz,lh)

!          tmpmx = xdnmx(lh) + fw*(xdnmx(lr) - xdnmx(lh)) ! maximum possible average density

                                                           ! it is not exactly linear, but approx. is close enough for this

!          tmpmx = 1./( (1. - fw)/900. + fw/1000. ) is exact max, where 900 is xdnmx

          tmpmx = xdnmx(lh)/( 1. - fw*(1. - xdnmx(lh)/xdnmx(lr) ))


          IF ( tmp .gt. tmpmx  ) THEN

            an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/tmpmx

          ENDIF


!          IF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(lh) .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lhw) .lt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN

!            tmp = Min( xdnmx(lh), tmp )

!            an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/tmp

!          ELSEIF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(lr) ) THEN

!            tmp =  xdnmx(lr)

!            an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/tmp

!          ENDIF


        ENDIF


        IF ( lhw .gt. 1 ) THEN ! check if basically pure water

          IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhw) .gt. 0.98*an(ix,jy,kz,lh) ) THEN

           tmp = xdnmx(lr)

           an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/tmp

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


       ENDIF


         IF ( lvh .gt. 1 ) THEN

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

             hwdn = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvh)

           ELSE

             hwdn = xdn0(lh)

           ENDIF

           hwdn = max( xdnmn(lh), hwdn )

         ELSE

           hwdn = xdn0(lh)

         ENDIF


         IF ( ipconc >= 5 .and.  an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN

            qr = an(ix,jy,kz,lh)

            xvol = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/(hwdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lnh))

            chw = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)


             IF ( xvol .lt. xvmn(lh) .or. xvol .gt. xvmx(lh) ) THEN

              xvol = min( xvmx(lh), max( xvmn(lh),xvol ) )

              chw = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh)/(xvol*hwdn)

              an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) = chw

             ENDIF

          ENDIF


!  CHECK INTERCEPT

       IF ( ipconc == 5 .and.  an(ix,jy,kz,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and.  alphah .le. 0.1 .and. lnh .gt. 1 .and. lzh == 0 ) THEN


           tmp = (hwdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lnh))/(dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh))

           tmpg = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)*(tmp*pi)**(1./3.)

           IF ( tmpg .lt. cnohmn ) THEN

!           tmpg = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)*( (hwdn*an(ix,jy,kz,lnh))/(dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh))*(3.14159))**(1./3.)

!           tmpg = an(ix,jy,kz,lnh)**(4./3.)*( (hwdn)/(dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh))*(3.14159))**(1./3.)

             tmp = ( (hwdn)/(dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,lh))*pi)**(1./3.)

              an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) = (cnohmn/tmp)**(3./4.)

           ENDIF


       ENDIF


         IF (  ipconc == 5 .and. imorrgdnglimit == 1 ) THEN

           ! limit on characteristic diameter (i.e., 1/slope)

            xdia3 = (xvol*6.*piinv)**(1./3.)

            xdia1 = cwch*xdia3

            IF ( xdia1 > morrdnglimit ) THEN

               xdia1 = morrdnglimit

               xvol = pi/6.0*(xdia1/cwch)**3

               chw = dn(ix,jy,kz)*qr/(xvol*hwdn)

               an(ix,jy,kz,lnh) = chw

               xdia3 = (xvol*6.*piinv)**(1./3.)

            ENDIF


         ENDIF


      end if


      if ( (an(ix,jy,kz,ls) .lt.  frac*qxmin(ls))  .or. zerocx(ls) ) then

      IF ( t0(ix,jy,kz) .lt. 273.15 ) THEN

!        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,ls) .gt. 0 ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,ls)

          an(ix,jy,kz,ls) = 0.0

!        ENDIF


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN ! .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lns) .gt. 0.0  ) THEN !

!          an(ix,jy,kz,lni) = an(ix,jy,kz,lni) + an(ix,jy,kz,lns)

          an(ix,jy,kz,lns) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lvs .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lvs) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lsw .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lsw) = 0.0

        ENDIF


      ELSE

!        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,ls) .gt. 0 ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,ls)

          an(ix,jy,kz,ls) = 0.0

!        ENDIF


        IF ( lvs .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lvs) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lsw .gt. 1 ) THEN

           an(ix,jy,kz,lsw) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN ! .and. an(ix,jy,kz,lns) .gt. 0.0  ) THEN !

!          an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) = an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) + an(ix,jy,kz,lns)

          an(ix,jy,kz,lns) = 0.0

        ENDIF


      ENDIF


      ELSEIF ( lvol(ls) .gt. 1 ) THEN  ! check density

        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lvs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          tmp = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)/an(ix,jy,kz,lvs)

          IF ( tmp .gt. xdnmx(ls) .or. tmp .lt. xdnmn(ls) ) THEN

            tmp = min( xdnmx(ls), max( xdnmn(ls), tmp ) )

            an(ix,jy,kz,lvs) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)/tmp

          ENDIF

        ELSE

          tmp = rho_qs

          an(ix,jy,kz,lvs) = dn(ix,jy,kz)*an(ix,jy,kz,ls)/tmp

        ENDIF


      end if


        IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,lzr) = max(0.0, an(ix,jy,kz,lzr) )

        ENDIF


      if ( (an(ix,jy,kz,lr) .lt. frac*qxmin(lr))  .or. zerocx(lr) ) then

        an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,lr)

        an(ix,jy,kz,lr) = 0.0

        IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

!          an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) = an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) + an(ix,jy,kz,lnr)

          an(ix,jy,kz,lnr) = 0.0

        ENDIF


        IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN

          an(ix,jy,kz,lzr) = 0.0

        ENDIF


      end if


!

!  for qci

!

      IF ( (an(ix,jy,kz,li) .le. frac*qxmin(li)) .or. zerocx(li) ) THEN

      an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,li)

      an(ix,jy,kz,li)= 0.0

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) THEN

         an(ix,jy,kz,lni) = 0.0

       ENDIF

      ENDIF


!

!  for qcw

!


      IF ( (an(ix,jy,kz,lc) .le. frac*qxmin(lc)) .or. zerocx(lc) ) THEN

      an(ix,jy,kz,lv) = an(ix,jy,kz,lv) + an(ix,jy,kz,lc)

      an(ix,jy,kz,lc)= 0.0

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

        IF ( lccn .gt. 1 .or. ac_opt == 1 ) THEN

          IF ( irenuc < 5 .and. lccna <= 1 ) THEN

            IF ( ac_opt == 0 ) THEN

               an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) + max(0.0,an(ix,jy,kz,lnc))

            ELSEIF ( lccn > 1 ) THEN

               an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) + max(0.0,an(ix,jy,kz,lnc))

            ENDIF

          ELSEIF ( lccna > 1 ) THEN

             tmp = max(0.0,an(ix,jy,kz,lnc))

              IF ( lccnaco > 1 .and. lccnanu > 1 ) THEN

                ! restore CCN proportionally to each type, although coarse are presumably already lost to rain

                tmp2 = an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) + an(ix,jy,kz,lccnaco) + an(ix,jy,kz,lccnanu)

                IF ( tmp2 > 0.0 .and. tmp > 0.0 ) THEN

                  an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) = max( 0.0, an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) - tmp*an(ix,jy,kz,lccna)/tmp2 )

                  an(ix,jy,kz,lccnaco) = max( 0.0, an(ix,jy,kz,lccnaco) - tmp*an(ix,jy,kz,lccnaco)/tmp2 )

                  an(ix,jy,kz,lccnanu) = max( 0.0, an(ix,jy,kz,lccnanu) - tmp*an(ix,jy,kz,lccnanu)/tmp2 )

                ENDIF

              ELSE

                an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) = max( 0.0, an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) - tmp )

              ENDIF

          ENDIF

        ENDIF

         an(ix,jy,kz,lnc) = 0.0

         IF ( lccn > 1 ) an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) = max( 0.0, an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) )


!         IF ( lccna > 0 .and. ac_opt == 0  ) THEN ! apply exponential decay to activated CCN to restore to environmental value

         IF ( lccna > 0 ) THEN ! apply exponential decay to activated CCN to restore to environmental value

           IF ( restoreccn ) THEN

           tmp = an(ix,jy,kz,li) + an(ix,jy,kz,ls)

             IF ( tmp < qxmin(li) ) THEN

               IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) > 1. .and. tmp < qxmin(li) ) an(ix,jy,kz,lccna) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccna)*exp(-dtp/ccntimeconst)

               IF ( lccnaco > 1 ) an(ix,jy,kz,lccnaco) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccnaco)*exp(-dtp/ccntimeconst)

               IF ( lccnanu > 1 ) an(ix,jy,kz,lccnanu) = an(ix,jy,kz,lccnanu)*exp(-dtp/ccntimeconst)

             ENDIF

           ENDIF

         ELSEIF ( lccn > 1 .and. restoreccn .and. ac_opt == 0  ) THEN

           ! in this case, we are treating the ccn field as ccna

           tmp = an(ix,jy,kz,li) + an(ix,jy,kz,ls)

!           IF ( ny == 2 .and. ix == nx/2 ) THEN

!             write(0,*) 'restore: k, qccn,exp = ',kz,qccn,dn(ix,jy,kz)*qccn,Exp(-dtp/ccntimeconst)

!             write(0,*) 'ccn1,ccn2 = ',an(ix,jy,kz,lccn),dn(ix,jy,kz)*qccn - Max(0.0 , dn(ix,jy,kz)*qccn - an(ix,jy,kz,lccn))*Exp(-dtp/ccntimeconst)

!           ENDIF

           IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) > 1. .and. tmp < qxmin(li) .and.   &

               ( an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) < dn(ix,jy,kz)*qccn .or. .not. invertccn ) ) THEN

        !      an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) =  &

        !            an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) +  Max(0.0 , dn(ix,jy,kz)*qccn - an(ix,jy,kz,lccn))*(1.0 - Exp(-dtp/ccntimeconst))

        ! Equivalent form after expanding last term:

               an(ix,jy,kz,lccn) =  &

                    dn(ix,jy,kz)*qccn - max(0.0 , dn(ix,jy,kz)*qccn - an(ix,jy,kz,lccn))*exp(-dtp/ccntimeconst)

           ENDIF


         ENDIF


       ENDIF


      ENDIF


      end do

!      end do

      end do


      end subroutine smallvalues


!c--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!


      subroutine nssl_2mom_gs   &

     &  (nx,ny,nz,na,jyslab  &

     &  ,nor,norz          &

     &  ,dtp,gz       &

     &  ,t0,t1,t2,t3,t4,t5,t6,t7,t8,t9      &

     &  ,an,dn,p2                  &

     &  ,pn,w,iunit                   &

     &  ,t00,t77,                             &

     &   ventr,ventc,c1sw,jgs,ido,    &

     &   xdnmx,xdnmn,               &

!     &   ln,ipc,lvol,lz,lliq,   &

     &   cdx,                              &

     &   xdn0,tmp3d,tkediss  &

     &  ,thproc,numproc,dx1,dy1,ngs     &

     & ,timevtcalc,axtra,io_flag  &

     & , has_wetscav,rainprod2d, evapprod2d, alpha2d &

     & ,errmsg,errflg &

     & ,elec,its,ids,ide,jds,jde &

     & )


!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

!     Ziegler 1985 parameterized microphysics (also Zrnic et al. 1993)

!     1)  cloud water

!     2)  rain

!     3)  column ice

!     6)  snow

!     11) graupel/hail

!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

! Notes:

!

!  4/27/2009: allows for liquid water to be advected on snow and graupel particles using flag "mixedphase"

!

!  3/14/2007: (APS) added qproc temp to make microphysic process timeseries

!

!  10/17/2006: added flag (iehw) to select how to calculate ehw

!

!  10/5/2006: switched chacr to integrated version rather than assuming that average rain

!             drop mass does not change.  This acts to reduce rain size somewhat via graupel

!             collection.

!             Use Mason data for ehw, with scaling toward ehw=1 as air density decreases.

!

!  10/3/2006: Turned off Meyers nucleation for T > -5 (can turn on with imeyers5 flag)

!             Turned off contact nucleation in updrafts

!

!  7/24/2006:  Turned on Meyers nucleation for -5 < T < 0

!

!  5/12/2006:  Converted qsacw/csacw and qsaci/csaci to Z93

!

!  5/12/2006:  Put a threshold on Bigg rain freezing.  If the frozen drops

!              have an average volume less than xvhmn, then the drops are put

!              into snow instead of graupel/hail.

!

!              Fixed bug when vapor deposition was limited.

!

!  5/13/2006:  Note that qhacr has a large effect, but Z85 did not include it.

!              Turned off qsacr (set to zero).

!

!  9/14/2007: erm: recalculate vx(lh) after setting xdn(lh) in case xdn was out of allowed range.

!             added parameter rimc3 for minimum rime density.  Default value set at 170. kg/m**3

!             instead of previous use of 100.  (Farley, 1987)

!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

!  general declarations

!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!

!

!


      implicit none

!

!      integer icond

!      parameter ( icond = 2 )


      integer, parameter :: ng1 = 1


      integer nx,ny,nz,na,nba,nv

      integer nor,norz,istag,jstag,kstag ! ,nht,ngt,igsr

      integer iwrite

      real dtp,dx,dy,dz


      logical, intent(in) :: io_flag


      integer itile,jtile,ktile

      integer ixbeg,jybeg

      integer ixend,jyend,kzend,kzbeg

      integer nxend,nyend,nzend,nzbeg

      integer :: my_rank = 0

      integer, parameter :: myprock = 1, nprock = 1

      logical, intent(in) :: has_wetscav

      integer, intent(in) :: numproc

      real, intent(inout) :: thproc(nz,numproc)

      real, intent(in) :: dx1,dy1

      real rainprod2d(-nor+1:nx+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real evapprod2d(-nor+1:nx+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)


      real :: alpha2d(-nor+1:nx+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz,3)


      real, parameter :: tfrdry = 243.15


      logical lrescalelow(lc:lhab)

      real tkediss(-nor+1:nx+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real axtra(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz,nxtra)


      real :: galpharaut

      real :: xvbarmax


      integer jyslab,its,ids,ide,jds,jde ! domain boundaries

      integer, intent(in) :: iunit !,iunit0

      real qvex

      integer iraincv, icgxconv

      parameter( iraincv = 1, icgxconv = 1)

      real ffrz

      real :: ffrzh = 1.0


      real qcitmp,cirdiatmp ! ,qiptmp,qirtmp

      real ccwtmp,ccitmp ! ,ciptmp,cirtmp

      real cpqc,cpci ! ,cpip,cpir

      real cpqc0,cpci0 ! ,cpip0,cpir0

      real scfac ! ,cpip1


      double precision dp1


      double precision frac, frach, xvfrz, xvbiggsnow


      double precision :: timevtcalc

      double precision :: dpt1,dpt2


      logical, parameter :: gammacheck = .false.

      integer :: luindex

      double precision :: tmpgam

      logical, parameter :: usegamxinfcnu = .false.

      logical, parameter :: usegamxinf = .false.

      logical, parameter :: usegamxinf2 = .false.

      logical, parameter :: usegamxinf3 = .false.

!      real rar  ! rime accretion rate as calculated from qxacw


      ! CCPP error handling

      character(len=*), intent(  out) :: errmsg

      integer,          intent(  out) :: errflg

! a few vars for time-split fallout

      real vtmax

      integer n,ndfall


      double precision chgneg,chgpos,sctot


      real temgtmp


      real pb(-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real pinit(-norz+ng1:nz+norz)


      real gz(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz) ! dz


      real qimax,xni0,roqi0


      real dv


      real dtptmp

      integer itest,nidx,id1,jd1,kd1

      parameter(itest=1)

      parameter(nidx=10)

      parameter(id1=1,jd1=1,kd1=1)

      integer ierr

      integer iend


      integer ix,kz, il, ic, ir, icp1, irp1, ip1,jp1,kp1

      integer :: jy

      integer i,j,k,i1

      integer kzb,kze

      real slope1, slope2

      real x1, x2, x3, y1

      real eps,eps2

      parameter(eps=1.e-20,eps2=1.e-5)

!

!  Other elec. vars

!

      real  temele

      real  trev


      logical ldovol, ishail, ltest, wtest

      logical , parameter :: alp0flag = .false.

!

!

!  wind indicies

!

      integer mu,mv,mw

      parameter(mu=1,mv=2,mw=3)

!

!  conversion parameters

!

      integer mqcw,mqxw,mtem,mrho,mtim

      parameter(mqcw=21,mqxw=21,mtem=21,mrho=5,mtim=6)


      real xftim,xftimi,yftim, xftem,yftem, xfqcw,yfqcw, xfqxw,yfqxw

      parameter(xftim=0.05,xftimi = 1./xftim,yftim=1.)

      parameter(xftem=0.5,yftem=1.)

      parameter(xfqcw=2000.,yfqcw=1.)

      parameter(xfqxw=2000.,yfqxw=1.)

      real dtfac

      parameter( dtfac = 1.0 )

      integer ido(lc:lqmx)


!      integer iexy(lc:lqmx,lc:lqmx)

!      integer ieswi, ieswir, ieswip, ieswc, ieswr

!      integer ieglsw, iegli, ieglir, ieglip, ieglc, ieglr

!      integer iegmsw, iegmi, iegmir, iegmip, iegmc, iegmr

!      integer ieghsw, ieghi, ieghir, ieghip, ieghc, ieghr

!      integer iefwsw, iefwi, iefwir, iefwip, iefwc, iefwr

!      integer iehwsw, iehwi, iehwir, iehwip, iehwc, iehwr

!      integer iehlsw, iehli, iehlir, iehlip, iehlc, iehlr

!      real delqnsa, delqxsa, delqnsb, delqxsb, delqnia, delqxia

!      real delqnra, delqxra


       real delqnxa(lc:lqmx)

       real delqxxa(lc:lqmx)

!

! external temporary arrays

!

      real t00(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t77(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)


      real t0(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t1(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t2(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t3(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t4(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t5(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t6(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t7(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t8(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real t9(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)


      real p2(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)  ! perturbation Pi

      real pn(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real an(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz,na)

      real dn(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)

      real w(-nor+1:nx+nor,-nor+1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)


      real tmp3d(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz)


!

!  declarations microphyscs and for gather/scatter

!

      integer nxmpb,nzmpb,nxz

      integer jgs,mgs,ngs,numgs

      integer, parameter :: ngsz = 500

      integer ntt

      parameter(ntt=300)


      real dvmgs(ngs)


      integer ngscnt,igs(ngs),kgs(ngs)

      integer kgsp(ngs),kgsm(ngs),kgsm2(ngs)

      integer ncuse

      parameter(ncuse=0)

      integer il0(ngs),il5(ngs),il2(ngs),il3(ngs)

!      integer il1m(ngs),il2m(ngs),il3m(ngs),il4m(ngs),il5m(ngs)

!

      real tdtol,temsav,tfrcbw,tfrcbi

      real, parameter :: thnuc = 235.15

!

!  Ice Multiplication Arrays.

!

      real  fimt1(ngs),fimta(ngs),fimt2(ngs) !,qmul1(ngs),qmul2(ngs)

      real xcwmas

!

!

! Variables for Ziegler warm rain microphysics

!


      real ccnc(ngs),ccin(ngs),cina(ngs),ccna(ngs)

      real cwnccn(ngs)

      real sscb  ! 'cloud base' SS threshold

      parameter( sscb = 2.0 )

      integer idecss  ! flag to turn on (=1) decay of ssmax when no cloud or ice crystals

      parameter( idecss = 1 )

      integer iba ! flag to do condensation/nucleation in 1st or 2nd loop

                  ! =0 to use ad to calculate SS

                  ! =1 to use an at end of main jy loop to calculate SS

      parameter(iba = 1)

      integer ifilt   ! =1 to filter ssat, =0 to set ssfilt=ssat

      parameter( ifilt = 0 )

      real temp1,temp2 ! ,ssold

      real :: mwat, mice, dice, mwshed, fwmax, fw, mwcrit, massfactor, tmpdiam

      real, parameter :: shedalp = 3.  ! set 3 for maximum mass diameter (same as area-weighted diameter), 4 for mass-weighted diameter

      real ssmax(ngs)       ! maximum SS experienced by a parcel

      real ssmx

      real dnnet,dqnet

!      real cnu,rnu,snu,cinu

!      parameter ( cnu = 0.0, rnu = -0.8, snu = -0.8, cinu = 0.0 )

      real bfnu, bfnu0, bfnu1

      parameter( bfnu0 = (rnu + 2.0)/(rnu + 1.0)  )

      real ventr, ventc

      real volb

      double precision t2s, xdp

      double precision xl2p(ngs),rb(ngs)

      real, parameter :: aa1 = 9.44e15, aa2 = 5.78e3  ! a1 in Ziegler

! snow parameters:

      real, parameter :: cexs = 0.1, cecs = 0.5

      real, parameter :: rvt = 0.104  ! ratio of collection kernels (Zrnic et al, 1993)

      real, parameter :: kfrag = 1.0e-6 ! rate coefficent for collisional splintering (Schuur & Rutledge 00b)

      real, parameter :: mfrag = 1.0e-10 ! assumed ice fragment mass for collisional splintering (Schuur & Rutledge 00b)

      double precision cautn(ngs), rh(ngs), nh(ngs)

      real ex1, ft, rhoinv(ngs)

      real :: ec0(ngs)


      real ac1,bc, c1,d1,e1,f1,p380,tmp,tmp1,tmp2,tmp3,tmp4,tmp5,tmp6,temp3 ! , sstdy, super

      real :: flim, xmass

      real dw,dwr

      double precision :: tmpz, tmpzmlt

      real :: tmpc

      real ratio, delx, dely

      real dbigg,volt

      real chgtmp,fac,mixedphasefac

      real x,y,y2,del,r,rtmp,alpr

      double precision :: vent1,vent2

      double precision :: g1palp,g4palp

      double precision :: g1palpinf,g4palpinf

      real fqt !charge separation as fn of temperature from Dong and Hallett 1992

      real bs

      real v1, v2

      real d1r, d1i, d1s, e1i

      real c1sw   ! integration factor for snow melting with snu = -0.8

      real, parameter :: vr1mm = 5.23599e-10 ! volume of 1mm diameter sphere (m**3)

      real, parameter :: vr3mm = 5.23599e-10*(3.0/1.)**3   ! volume of a 3 mm diameter sphere (m**3) (Rasmussen et al. 1984b, JAS)

      real, parameter :: vr4p5mm = 5.23599e-10*(4.5/1.)**3 ! volume of 4.5mm diameter sphere (m**3) (Rasmussen et al. 1984b, JAS)

      real vmlt,vshd, vshdgs(ngs,lh:lhab), maxmassfac(lc:lhab)

      real rhosm

      parameter( rhosm = 500. )

      integer nc ! condensation step

      real dtcon,dtcon1,dtcon2 ! condensation time step (dtcon*nc = dtp)

      real delta

      integer ltemq1,ltemq1m ! ,ltemq1m2

      real dqv,qv1,ss1,ss2,qvs1,dqvs,dtemp,dt1   ! temporaries for condensation

      real ssi1, ssi2, dqvi, dqvis, dqvii,qis1

      real dqvr, dqc, dqr, dqi, dqs

      real qv1m,qvs1m,ss1m,ssi1m,qis1m

      real cwmastmp

      real  dcloud,dcloud2 ! ,as, bs

      real cn(ngs)

      double precision xvc, xvr

      real mwfac

!      real  es(ngs) ! ss(ngs),

!      real  eis(ngs)


      real rwmasn,rwmasx


      real vgra,vfrz

      parameter( vgra = 0.523599*(1.0e-3)**3 )


!      real, parameter :: epsi = 0.622

!      real, parameter :: d = 0.266

      real :: d, dold, denom,denominv,vth

      double precision :: h1, h2, h3, h4,denomdp, denominvdp

      real r1,qevap ! ,slv


      real vr,nrx,chw,g1,qr,z,z1,rdi,alp,xnutmp,xnuc,g1r,rd1,rdia,rmas

      real :: snowmeltmass = 0


!      real, parameter :: rhofrz = 900.   ! density of graupel from newly-frozen rain

      real, parameter :: rimedens = 500. ! default rime density


!      real svc(ngs)  !  droplet volume

!

!  contact freezing nucleation

!

      real raero,kaero !assumd aerosol radius, thermal conductivity

      parameter( raero = 3.e-7, kaero = 5.39e-3 )

      real kb   ! Boltzman constant  J K-1

      parameter(kb = 1.3807e-23)


      real knud(ngs),knuda(ngs) !knudsen number and correction factor

      real gtp(ngs)  !G(T,p) = 1/(a' + b')  Cotton 72b

      real dfar(ngs) !aerosol diffusivity

      real fn1(ngs),fn2(ngs),fnft(ngs)


      real ccia(ngs)

      real ctfzbd(ngs),ctfzth(ngs),ctfzdi(ngs)

!

!  misc

!

      real ni,nis,nr,d0

      real dqvcnd(ngs),dqwv(ngs),dqcw(ngs),dqci(ngs),dqcitmp(ngs),dqwvtmp(ngs)

      real tempc(ngs)

      real temg(ngs),temcg(ngs),theta(ngs),qvap(ngs)

      real temgkm1(ngs), temgkm2(ngs)

      real temgx(ngs),temcgx(ngs)

      real qvs(ngs),qis(ngs),qss(ngs),pqs(ngs)

      real elv(ngs),elf(ngs),els(ngs)

      real tsqr(ngs),ssi(ngs),ssw(ngs),ssi0(ngs)

      real qcwtmp(ngs),qtmp,qtot(ngs)

      real qcond(ngs)

      real ctmp, sctmp

      real cimasn,cimasx,ccimx

      real pid4

      real cs,ds,gf7,gf6,gf5,gf4,gf3,gf2,gf1

      real gcnup1,gcnup2

      real gf73rds, gf83rds

      real gamice73fac, gamsnow73fac

      real gf43rds, gf53rds

      real aradcw,bradcw,cradcw,dradcw,cwrad,rwrad,rwradmn

      parameter( rwradmn = 50.e-6 )

      real dh0

      real dg0(ngs),df0(ngs)

      real dhwet(ngs),dhlwet(ngs),dfwet(ngs)


      real clionpmx,clionnmx

      parameter(clionpmx=1.e9,clionnmx=1.e9) ! Takahashi 84

!

!  other arrays


      real fwet1(ngs),fwet2(ngs)

      real fmlt1(ngs),fmlt2(ngs),fmlt1e(ngs)

      real fvds(ngs),fvce(ngs),fiinit(ngs)

      real fvent(ngs),fraci(ngs),fracl(ngs)

!

      real fai(ngs),fav(ngs),fbi(ngs),fbv(ngs)

      real felv(ngs),fels(ngs),felf(ngs)

      real felvcp(ngs),felscp(ngs),felfcp(ngs)

      real felvpi(ngs),felspi(ngs),felfpi(ngs)

      real felvs(ngs),felss(ngs)      !   ,felfs(ngs)

      real fwvdf(ngs),ftka(ngs),fthdf(ngs)

      real fadvisc(ngs),fakvisc(ngs)

      real fci(ngs),fcw(ngs) ! heat capacities of ice and liquid

      real fschm(ngs),fpndl(ngs)

      real fgamw(ngs),fgams(ngs)

      real fcqv1(ngs),fcqv2(ngs),fcc3(ngs)


      real cvm,cpm,rmm


      real, parameter ::      cpv = 1885.0       ! specific heat of water vapor at constant pressure

!

      real fcci(ngs), fcip(ngs)

!

      real :: sfm1(ngs),sfm2(ngs)

      real :: gfm1(ngs),gfm2(ngs)

      real :: ffm1(ngs),ffm2(ngs)

      real :: hfm1(ngs),hfm2(ngs)


      logical :: wetsfc(ngs),wetsfchl(ngs),wetsfcf(ngs)

      logical :: wetgrowth(ngs), wetgrowthhl(ngs), wetgrowthf(ngs)


      real qitmp(ngs),qistmp(ngs)


      real rzxh(ngs), rzxhl(ngs), rzxhlh(ngs), rzxhlf(ngs)

      real rzxs(ngs), rzxf(ngs)

!      real axh(ngs),bxh(ngs),axhl(ngs),bxhl(ngs)

      real cdh(ngs),cdhl(ngs)

      real :: axx(ngs,lh:lhab),bxx(ngs,lh:lhab)

      real vt2ave(ngs)


      real :: qcwresv(ngs), ccwresv(ngs) ! "reserved" droplet mass and number that are too small for accretion


      real ::  lfsave(ngs,6)

      real ::  qx(ngs,lv:lhab)

      real ::  qxw(ngs,ls:lhab)

      real ::  qxwlg(ngs,lh:lhab)

      real ::  chxf(ngs,lh:lhab)

      real ::  cx(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  cxmxd(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  qxmxd(ngs,lv:lhab)

      real ::  scx(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  xv(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  vtxbar(ngs,lc:lhab,3)

      real ::  xmas(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  xdn(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  xdntmp(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  cdxgs(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  xdia(ngs,lc:lhab,3)

      real ::  vtwtdia(ngs,lr:lhab) ! sweep-out volume weighted diameter

      real ::  rarx(ngs,ls:lhab)

      real ::  vx(ngs,li:lhab)

      real ::  rimdn(ngs,li:lhab)

      real ::  raindn(ngs,li:lhab)

      real ::  alpha(ngs,lc:lhab)

      real ::  dab0lh(ngs,lc:lhab,lc:lhab)

      real ::  dab1lh(ngs,lc:lhab,lc:lhab)

      real ::  zx(ngs,lr:lhab)

      real ::  zxmxd(ngs,lr:lhab)

      real ::  g1x(ngs,lr:lhab)


      real :: g1xmax,g1xmin

      real :: qsimxdep(ngs) ! max sublimation of qi+qs+qis

      real :: qsimxsub(ngs) ! max depositionof qi+qs+qis

      logical,parameter :: dosublimationfix = .true.

      real :: qrtmp(ngs),qvtmp(ngs),qctmp(ngs)

      real :: felvcptmp,felscptmp,qsstmp

      real :: thetatmp, thetaptmp, temcgtmp,qvaptmp

      real :: qvstmp, qisstmp, qvptmp, qitmp1, qctmp1


      real :: galphrout


      real ventrx(ngs)

      real ventrxn(ngs)

      real g1shr, alphashr

      real g1mlr, alphamlr

      real g1smlr, alphasmlr

      real massfacshr, massfacmlr


      real :: qhgt8mm ! ice mass greater than 8mm

      real :: qhwgt8mm ! ice + max water mass greater than 8mm

      real :: qhgt10mm ! mass greater than 10mm

      real :: qhgt20mm ! mass greater than 20mm

      real :: fwmhtmp

!      real, parameter :: fwmhtmptem = -15. ! temperature at which fwmhtmp fully switches to liquid water only being on large particles

      real, parameter :: d1t = (6.0 * 0.268e-3/(917.* pi))**(1./3.) ! d1t is the diameter of the ice sphere with the mass (0.268e-3 kg) of an 8mm spherical drop

      real, parameter :: srasheym = 0.1389 ! slope fraction from Rasmussen and Heymsfield

      real :: dtmp

!

      real swvent(ngs),hwvent(ngs),rwvent(ngs),hlvent(ngs),hwventy(ngs),hlventy(ngs),rwventz(ngs)

      real hxventtmp

      real hlventinc(ngs),hwventinc(ngs)

      integer, parameter :: ndiam = 10

      integer :: numdiam

      real hwvent0(ndiam+4),hlvent0 ! 0 to d1

      real hwvent1,hlvent1 ! d1 to infinity

      real hwvent2,hlvent2 ! d2 to infinity

      real gama0,gamb0

      real gama1,gamb1

      real gama2,gamb2

!      real, parameter :: mltdiam1 = 9.0e-3, mltdiam1p5 = 16.0e-3, mltdiam2 = 19.0e-3, mltdiam3 = 200.0e-3, mltdiam05 = 4.5e-3

      real :: mltdiam(ndiam+4)

      real mltmass0inv,mltmass1inv,mltmass2inv, mltmass1cgs, mltmass2cgs,mltmass3inv, mltmass3cgs

      real qhmlr0, qhmlr05, qhmlr1, qhmlr2,qhmlr3, qhmlr12, qhmlr23

      real qhlmlr0, qhlmlr05, qhlmlr1, qhlmlr2,qhlmlr3, qhlmlr12, qhlmlr23

      real qxd1, cxd1, zxd1 ! mass and number up to mltdiam1

      real qxd05, cxd05 ! mass and number up to mltdiam1/2

      real :: qrbreak, crbreaksmall, crbreak, zrbreak, breakbin


      real :: qxd(ndiam+4), cxd(ndiam+4), qhml(ndiam+4), qhml0(ndiam+4)

      real :: dqxd(ndiam+4), dcxd(ndiam+4), dqhml(ndiam+4)


      real civent(ngs)

      real isvent(ngs)

!

      real xmascw(ngs)

      real xdnmx(lc:lhab), xdnmn(lc:lhab)

      real dnmx

      real :: xdiamxmas(ngs,lc:lhab)

!

      real cilen(ngs) ! ,ciplen(ngs)

!

!

      real rwcap(ngs),swcap(ngs)

      real hwcap(ngs)

      real hlcap(ngs)

      real cicap(ngs)

      real iscap(ngs)


      real qvimxd(ngs)

      real qimxd(ngs),qismxd(ngs),qcmxd(ngs),qrmxd(ngs),qsmxd(ngs),qhmxd(ngs),qhlmxd(ngs)

      real cimxd(ngs),ccmxd(ngs),crmxd(ngs),csmxd(ngs),chmxd(ngs)

      real cionpmxd(ngs),cionnmxd(ngs)

      real clionpmxd(ngs),clionnmxd(ngs)


      real elec(-nor+ng1:nx+nor,-nor+ng1:ny+nor,-norz+ng1:nz+norz) ! Ez (elecsave)


!

!

      ! Hallett-Mossop arrays

      real chmul1(ngs),chlmul1(ngs),csmul1(ngs),csmul(ngs)

      real qhmul1(ngs),qhlmul1(ngs),qsmul1(ngs),qsmul(ngs)


      ! splinters from drop freezing

      real csplinter(ngs),qsplinter(ngs)

      real csplinter2(ngs),qsplinter2(ngs)

!

!

!  concentration arrays...

!

      real :: chlcnh(ngs), vhlcnh(ngs), vhlcnhl(ngs)

      real :: chlcnhhl(ngs) ! number of new hail particles (may be different from number of lost graupel)

      real cracif(ngs), ciacrf(ngs)

      real cracr(ngs)


!

      real ciint(ngs), crfrz(ngs), crfrzf(ngs), crfrzs(ngs)

      real cicint(ngs)

      real cipint(ngs)

      real ciacw(ngs), cwacii(ngs)

      real ciacr(ngs), craci(ngs)

      real csacw(ngs)

      real csacr(ngs)

      real csaci(ngs),   csacs(ngs)

      real cracw(ngs)

      real chacw(ngs), chacr(ngs)

      real :: chlacw(ngs)

      real chaci(ngs), chacs(ngs)

!

      real :: chlacr(ngs)

      real :: chlaci(ngs), chlacs(ngs)

      real crcnw(ngs)

      real cidpv(ngs),cisbv(ngs)

      real cisdpv(ngs),cissbv(ngs)

      real cimlr(ngs),cismlr(ngs)


      real chlsbv(ngs), chldpv(ngs)

      real chlmlr(ngs), chlmlrr(ngs)

      real chlfmlr(ngs)

!      real chlmlrsave(ngs),chlsave(ngs),qhlsave(ngs)

      real chlshr(ngs), chlshrr(ngs)


      real chdpv(ngs),chsbv(ngs)

      real chmlr(ngs),chcev(ngs)

      real chmlrr(ngs)

      real chshr(ngs), chshrr(ngs)


      real csdpv(ngs),cssbv(ngs)

      real csmlr(ngs),csmlrr(ngs),cscev(ngs)

      real csshr(ngs), csshrr(ngs)


      real crcev(ngs)

      real crshr(ngs)

      real cwshw(ngs), qwshw(ngs)

!

!

! arrays for w-ac-x ;  x-ac-w

!

!

!

      real qrcnw(ngs), qwcnr(ngs)

      real zrcnw(ngs),zracr(ngs),zracw(ngs),zrcev(ngs)


      real qracw(ngs) ! qwacr(ngs),

      real qiacw(ngs) !, qwaci(ngs)


      real qsacw(ngs) ! ,qwacs(ngs),

      real qhacw(ngs) ! qwach(ngs),

      real :: qhlacw(ngs), qxacwtmp, qxacrtmp, qxacitmp, qxacstmp !

      real vhacw(ngs), vsacw(ngs), vhlacw(ngs), vhlacr(ngs)


      real qfcev(ngs)

      real qfmul1(ngs),cfmul1(ngs)

!

      real qsacws(ngs)


!

!  arrays for x-ac-r and r-ac-x;

!

      real qsacr(ngs),qracs(ngs)

      real qhacr(ngs),qhacrmlr(ngs),qhacwmlr(ngs) ! ,qrach(ngs)

      real vhacr(ngs), zhacr(ngs), zhacrf(ngs), zrach(ngs), zrachl(ngs)

      real qiacr(ngs),qraci(ngs)


      real ziacr(ngs)


      real qracif(ngs),qiacrf(ngs),qiacrs(ngs),ciacrs(ngs)


      real :: qhlacr(ngs),qhlacrmlr(ngs), qhlacwmlr(ngs)

      real qsacrs(ngs) !,qracss(ngs)

!

!  ice - ice interactions

!

      real qsaci(ngs)

      real qsacis(ngs)

      real csacis(ngs)

      real qhaci(ngs)

      real qhacs(ngs)


      real :: qhacis(ngs)

      real :: chacis(ngs)

      real :: chacis0(ngs)


      real :: csaci0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: csacis0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: chaci0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: chacs0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: chlaci0(ngs)

      real :: chlacis(ngs)

      real :: chlacis0(ngs)

      real :: chlacs0(ngs)


      real :: qsaci0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: qsacis0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: qhaci0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: qhacis0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: qhacs0(ngs) ! collision rate only

      real :: qhlaci0(ngs)

      real :: qhlacis0(ngs)

      real :: qhlacs0(ngs)


      real :: qhlaci(ngs)

      real :: qhlacis(ngs)

      real :: qhlacs(ngs)

!

!  conversions

!

      real qrfrz(ngs) ! , qirirhr(ngs)

      real zrfrz(ngs), zrfrzf(ngs), zrfrzs(ngs)

      real ziacrf(ngs), zhcnsh(ngs), zhcnih(ngs)

      real zhacw(ngs), zhacs(ngs), zhaci(ngs)

      real zhmlr(ngs), zhdsv(ngs), zhsbv(ngs), zhlcnh(ngs), zhshr(ngs)

      real zfacw(ngs), zfacs(ngs), zfaci(ngs)

      real zfmlr(ngs), zfdsv(ngs), zfsbv(ngs), zhlcnf(ngs), zfshr(ngs), zfshrr(ngs)

      real zhmlrtmp,zhmlr0inf,zhlmlr0inf

      real zhmlrr(ngs),zhlmlrr(ngs),zhshrr(ngs),zhlshrr(ngs),zfmlrr(ngs)

!      real zsmlr(ngs)

      real zsmlrr(ngs), zsshr(ngs), zsshrr(ngs)

      real zhcns(ngs), zhcni(ngs)

      real zhwdn(ngs), zfwdn(ngs) ! change in Z due to density changes

      real zhldn(ngs) ! change in Z due to density changes


      real zhlacw(ngs), zhlacs(ngs), zhlacr(ngs)

      real zhlmlr(ngs), zhldsv(ngs), zhlsbv(ngs), zhlshr(ngs)


      real vrfrzf(ngs), viacrf(ngs)

      real qrfrzs(ngs), qrfrzf(ngs)

      real qwfrz(ngs), qwctfz(ngs)

      real cwfrz(ngs), cwctfz(ngs)

      real qwfrzis(ngs), qwctfzis(ngs) ! droplet freezing to ice spheres

      real cwfrzis(ngs), cwctfzis(ngs)

      real qwfrzc(ngs), qwctfzc(ngs) ! droplet freezing to columns

      real cwfrzc(ngs), cwctfzc(ngs)

      real qwfrzp(ngs), qwctfzp(ngs) ! droplet freezing to plates

      real cwfrzp(ngs), cwctfzp(ngs)

      real xcolmn(ngs), xplate(ngs)

      real ciihr(ngs), qiihr(ngs)

      real cicichr(ngs), qicichr(ngs)

      real cipiphr(ngs), qipiphr(ngs)

      real qscni(ngs), cscni(ngs), cscnis(ngs)

      real qscnvi(ngs), cscnvi(ngs), cscnvis(ngs)

      real qhcns(ngs), chcns(ngs), chcnsh(ngs), vhcns(ngs)

      real qscnh(ngs), cscnh(ngs), vscnh(ngs)

      real qhcni(ngs), chcni(ngs), chcnih(ngs), vhcni(ngs)

      real qiint(ngs),qipipnt(ngs),qicicnt(ngs)

      real cninm(ngs),cnina(ngs),cninp(ngs),wvel(ngs),wvelkm1(ngs)

      real tke(ngs)

      real uvel(ngs),vvel(ngs)

!

      real qidpv(ngs),qisbv(ngs) ! qicnv(ngs),qievv(ngs),

      real qimlr(ngs),qidsv(ngs),qisdsv(ngs),qidsvp(ngs) ! ,qicev(ngs)

      real qismlr(ngs)


!

!

      real :: qhldpv(ngs), qhlsbv(ngs) ! qhlcnv(ngs),qhlevv(ngs),

      real :: qhlmlr(ngs), qhldsv(ngs), qhlmlrsave(ngs)

      real :: qhlwet(ngs), qhldry(ngs), qhlshr(ngs), qxwettmp

!

      real :: qrfz(ngs),qsfz(ngs),qhfz(ngs),qhlfz(ngs)

      real :: qffz(ngs)

!

      real qhdpv(ngs),qhsbv(ngs) ! qhcnv(ngs),qhevv(ngs),

      real qhmlr(ngs),qhdsv(ngs),qhcev(ngs),qhcndv(ngs),qhevv(ngs)

      real qhlcev(ngs), chlcev(ngs)

      real qhwet(ngs),qhdry(ngs),qhshr(ngs)

      real qhshrp(ngs)

      real qhshh(ngs) !accreted water that remains on graupel

      real qhmlh(ngs) !melt water that remains on graupel

      real qhfzh(ngs) !water that freezes on mixed-phase graupel

      real qffzf(ngs) !water that freezes on mixed-phase FD

      real qhlfzhl(ngs) !water that freezes on mixed-phase hail


      real qhmlrlg(ngs),qhlmlrlg(ngs) ! melting from the larger diameters

      real qhfzhlg(ngs) !water that freezes on mixed-phase graupel (large sizes)

      real qhlfzhllg(ngs) !water that freezes on mixed-phase hail (large sizes)

      real qhlcevlg(ngs), chlcevlg(ngs)

      real qhcevlg(ngs), chcevlg(ngs)


      real vhfzh(ngs), vffzf(ngs) ! change in volume from water that freezes on mixed-phase graupel, frozen drops

      real vhlfzhl(ngs) !  change in volume from water that freezes on mixed-phase hail


      real vhshdr(ngs) !accreted water that leaves on graupel (mixedphase)

      real vhlshdr(ngs) !accreted water that leaves on hail (mixedphase)

      real vhmlr(ngs) !melt water that leaves graupel (single phase)

      real vhlmlr(ngs) !melt water that leaves hail (single phase)

      real vhsoak(ngs) !  aquired water that seeps into graupel.

      real vhlsoak(ngs) !  aquired water that seeps into hail.


!

      real qsdpv(ngs),qssbv(ngs) ! qscnv(ngs),qsevv(ngs),

      real qsmlr(ngs),qsdsv(ngs),qscev(ngs),qscndv(ngs),qsevv(ngs)

      real qswet(ngs),qsdry(ngs),qsshr(ngs)

      real qsshrp(ngs)

      real qsfzs(ngs)

!

!

      real qipdpv(ngs),qipsbv(ngs)

      real qipmlr(ngs),qipdsv(ngs)

!

      real qirdpv(ngs),qirsbv(ngs)

      real qirmlr(ngs),qirdsv(ngs),qirmlw(ngs)

!

      real qgldpv(ngs),qglsbv(ngs)

      real qglmlr(ngs),qgldsv(ngs)

      real qglwet(ngs),qgldry(ngs),qglshr(ngs)

      real qglshrp(ngs)

!

      real qgmdpv(ngs),qgmsbv(ngs)

      real qgmmlr(ngs),qgmdsv(ngs)

      real qgmwet(ngs),qgmdry(ngs),qgmshr(ngs)

      real qgmshrp(ngs)

      real qghdpv(ngs),qghsbv(ngs)

      real qghmlr(ngs),qghdsv(ngs)

      real qghwet(ngs),qghdry(ngs),qghshr(ngs)

      real qghshrp(ngs)

!

      real qrztot(ngs),qrzmax(ngs),qrzfac(ngs)

      real qrcev(ngs)

      real qrshr(ngs)

      real fsw(ngs),fhw(ngs),fhlw(ngs),ffw(ngs) !liquid water fractions

      real fswmax(ngs),fhwmax(ngs),fhlwmax(ngs) !liquid water fractions

      real ffwmax(ngs)

      real qhcnf(ngs)

      real :: qhlcnh(ngs)

      real qhcngh(ngs),qhcngm(ngs),qhcngl(ngs)


      real :: qhcnhl(ngs), chcnhl(ngs), zhcnhl(ngs), vhcnhl(ngs) ! conversion of low-density hail back to graupel


      real eiw(ngs),eii(ngs),eiri(ngs),eipir(ngs),eisw(ngs)

      real erw(ngs),esw(ngs),eglw(ngs),eghw(ngs),efw(ngs)

      real ehxw(ngs),ehlw(ngs),egmw(ngs),ehw(ngs)

      real err(ngs),esr(ngs),eglr(ngs),eghr(ngs),efr(ngs)

      real ehxr(ngs),ehlr(ngs),egmr(ngs)

      real eri(ngs),esi(ngs),esis(ngs),egli(ngs),eghi(ngs),efi(ngs),efis(ngs)

      real ehxi(ngs),ehli(ngs),egmi(ngs),ehi(ngs),ehis(ngs),ehlis(ngs)

      real ers(ngs),ess(ngs),egls(ngs),eghs(ngs),efs(ngs),ehs(ngs),ehsfac(ngs)

      real ehscnv(ngs)

      real ehxs(ngs),ehls(ngs),egms(ngs),egmip(ngs)


      real ehsclsn(ngs),ehiclsn(ngs),ehisclsn(ngs)

      real efsclsn(ngs),eficlsn(ngs),efisclsn(ngs)

      real ehlsclsn(ngs),ehliclsn(ngs),ehlisclsn(ngs)

      real esiclsn(ngs),esisclsn(ngs)


      real :: ehs_collsn = 0.5, ehi_collsn = 1.0

      real :: efs_collsn = 0.5, efi_collsn = 1.0

      real :: ehls_collsn = 1.0, ehli_collsn = 1.0

      real :: esi_collsn = 1.0


      real ew(8,6)

      real cwr(8,2)  ! radius and inverse of interval

      data cwr / 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0,  8.0,  10.0, 15.0,  20.0 , & ! radius

     &           1.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.5,  0.5,   0.2,  0.2,  1.  /   ! inverse of interval

      integer icwr(ngs), igwr(ngs), irwr(ngs), ihlr(ngs), ifwr(ngs)

      real grad(6,2) ! graupel radius and inverse of interval

      data grad / 100., 200., 300., 400., 600., 1000.,   &

     &            1.e-2,1.e-2,1.e-2,5.e-3,2.5e-3, 1.    /

!droplet radius: 2     3     4     6     8    10    15    20

      data ew /0.03, 0.07, 0.17, 0.41, 0.58, 0.69, 0.82, 0.88,  & ! 100

!     :         0.07, 0.13, 0.27, 0.48, 0.65, 0.73, 0.84, 0.91,  ! 150

     &         0.10, 0.20, 0.34, 0.58, 0.70, 0.78, 0.88, 0.92,  & ! 200

     &         0.15, 0.31, 0.44, 0.65, 0.75, 0.83, 0.96, 0.91,  & ! 300

     &         0.17, 0.37, 0.50, 0.70, 0.81, 0.87, 0.93, 0.96,  & ! 400

     &         0.17, 0.40, 0.54, 0.71, 0.83, 0.88, 0.94, 0.98,  & ! 600

     &         0.15, 0.37, 0.52, 0.74, 0.82, 0.88, 0.94, 0.98 / ! 1000

!     :         0.11, 0.34, 0.49, 0.71, 0.83, 0.88, 0.94, 0.95 / ! 1400


      real da0lr(ngs),da1lr(ngs)

      real da0lc(ngs),da1lc(ngs)

      real da0lh(ngs)

      real da0lhl(ngs)

      real da0lf(ngs)

      real :: da0lx(ngs,lr:lhab)


      real va0 (lc:lqmx)          ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real vab0(lc:lqmx,lc:lqmx)  ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real vab1(lc:lqmx,lc:lqmx)  ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real va1 (lc:lqmx)          ! collection coefficients from Seifert 2005

      real ehip(ngs),ehlip(ngs),ehlir(ngs)

      real erir(ngs),esir(ngs),eglir(ngs),egmir(ngs),eghir(ngs)

      real efir(ngs),ehir(ngs),eirw(ngs),eirir(ngs),ehr(ngs)

      real erip(ngs),esip(ngs),eglip(ngs),eghip(ngs)

      real efip(ngs),eipi(ngs),eipw(ngs),eipip(ngs)

!

!  arrays for production terms

!

      real ptotal(ngs) ! , pqtot(ngs)

!

      real pqcwi(ngs),pqcii(ngs),pqrwi(ngs),pqisi(ngs)

      real pqswi(ngs),pqhwi(ngs),pqwvi(ngs)

      real pqgli(ngs),pqghi(ngs),pqfwi(ngs)

      real pqgmi(ngs),pqhli(ngs) ! ,pqhxi(ngs)

      real pqiri(ngs),pqipi(ngs) ! pqwai(ngs),

      real pqlwsi(ngs),pqlwhi(ngs),pqlwhli(ngs),pqlwfi(ngs)


      real pqlwlghi(ngs),pqlwlghli(ngs)

      real pqlwlghd(ngs),pqlwlghld(ngs)


      real pvhwi(ngs), pvhwd(ngs)

      real pvfwi(ngs), pvfwd(ngs)

      real pvhli(ngs), pvhld(ngs)

      real pvswi(ngs), pvswd(ngs)

!

      real pqcwd(ngs),pqcid(ngs),pqrwd(ngs),pqisd(ngs), pqcwdacc(ngs)

      real pqswd(ngs),pqhwd(ngs),pqwvd(ngs)

      real pqgld(ngs),pqghd(ngs),pqfwd(ngs)

      real pqgmd(ngs),pqhld(ngs) ! ,pqhxd(ngs)

      real pqird(ngs),pqipd(ngs) ! pqwad(ngs),

      real pqlwsd(ngs),pqlwhd(ngs),pqlwhld(ngs),pqlwfd(ngs)

!

!      real pqxii(ngs,nhab),pqxid(ngs,nhab)

!

      real  pctot(ngs)

      real  pcipi(ngs), pcipd(ngs)

      real  pciri(ngs), pcird(ngs)

      real  pccwi(ngs), pccwd(ngs), pccwdacc(ngs)

      real  pccii(ngs), pccid(ngs)

      real  pcisi(ngs), pcisd(ngs)

      real  pccin(ngs)

      real  pcrwi(ngs), pcrwd(ngs)

      real  pcswi(ngs), pcswd(ngs)

      real  pchwi(ngs), pchwd(ngs)

      real  pchli(ngs), pchld(ngs)

      real  pcfwi(ngs), pcfwd(ngs)

      real  pcgli(ngs), pcgld(ngs)

      real  pcgmi(ngs), pcgmd(ngs)

      real  pcghi(ngs), pcghd(ngs)


      real  pzrwi(ngs), pzrwd(ngs)

      real  pzhwi(ngs), pzhwd(ngs)

      real  pzfwi(ngs), pzfwd(ngs)

      real  pzhli(ngs), pzhld(ngs)

      real  pzswi(ngs), pzswd(ngs)


!

!  other arrays

!

      real dqisdt(ngs) !,advisc(ngs) !dqwsdt(ngs), ,schm(ngs),pndl(ngs)


      real qss0(ngs)


      real qsacip(ngs)

      real pres(ngs),pipert(ngs)

      real pk(ngs)

      real rho0(ngs),pi0(ngs)

      real rhovt(ngs),sqrtrhovt

      real thetap(ngs),theta0(ngs),qwvp(ngs),qv0(ngs)

      real thsave(ngs)

      real ptwfzi(ngs),ptimlw(ngs)

      real psub(ngs),pvap(ngs),pfrz(ngs),ptem(ngs),pmlt(ngs),pevap(ngs),pdep(ngs),ptem2(ngs)


      real cnostmp(ngs)   ! for diagnosed snow intercept

!

!  iholef = 1 to do hole filling technique version 1

!  which uses all hydrometerors to do hole filling of all hydrometeors

!  iholef = 2 to do hole filling technique version 2

!  which uses an individual hydrometeror species to do hole

!  filling of a species of a hydrometeor

!

!  iholen = interval that hole filling is done

!

      integer  iholef

      integer  iholen

      parameter(iholef = 1)

      parameter(iholen = 1)

      real  cqtotn,cqtotn1

      real  cctotn

      real  citotn

      real  crtotn

      real  cstotn

      real  cvtotn

      real  cftotn

      real  cgltotn

      real  cghtotn

      real  chtotn

      real  cqtotp,cqtotp1

      real  cctotp

      real  citotp

      real  ciptotp

      real  crtotp

      real  cstotp

      real  cvtotp

      real  cftotp

      real  chltotp

      real  cgltotp

      real  cgmtotp

      real  cghtotp

      real  chtotp

      real  cqfac

      real  ccfac

      real  cifac

      real  cipfac

      real  crfac

      real  csfac

      real  cvfac

      real  cffac

      real  cglfac

      real  cghfac

      real  chfac


      real ssifac, qvapor

!

!   Miscellaneous variables

!

      real, parameter :: cwmas30 = 1000.*0.523599*(2.*30.e-6)**3 ! mass of 30-micron radius droplet, for sat. adj.

      real, parameter :: cwmas20 = 1000.*0.523599*(2.*20.e-6)**3 ! mass of 20-micron radius droplet, for sat. adj.

      integer ireadqf,lrho,lqsw,lqgl,lqgm ,lqgh

      integer lqrw

      real vt

      real arg  ! gamma is a function

      real erbnd1, fdgt1, costhe1

      real qeps

      real dyi2,dzi2,bta1,cnit,dragh,dnz00,pii ! ,cp608

      real qccrit,gf4br,gf4ds,gf4p5, gf3ds, gf1ds

      real gf1palp(ngs) ! for storing Gamma[1.0 + alphar]


      real xdn0(lc:lhab)

      real xdn_new,drhodt


      integer l ,ltemq,inumgs, idelq


      real brz,arz,temq


      real ssival,tqvcon

      real cdx(lc:lhab)

      real cnox

      real cval,aval,eval,fval,gval ,qsign,ftelwc,qconkq,elecfac,altelecfac

      real qconm,qconn,cfce15,gf8,gf4i,gf3p5,gf1a,gf1p5,qdiff,argrcnw

      real c4,bradp,bl2,bt2,dthr,hrifac, hdia0,hdia1,civenta,civentb

      real civentc,civentd,civente,civentf,civentg,cireyn,xcivent

      real cipventa,cipventb,cipventc,cipventd,cipreyn,cirventa

      real cirventb

      integer igmrwa,igmrwb,igmswa, igmswb,igmfwa,igmfwb,igmhwa,igmhwb

      real rwventa ,rwventb,swventa,swventb,fwventa,fwventb,fwventc

      real hwventa,hwventb

      real    hwventc, hlventa, hlventb,  hlventc

      real  glventa, glventb, glventc

      real   gmventa, gmventb,  gmventc, ghventa, ghventb, ghventc

      real  dzfacp,  dzfacm,  cmassin,  cwdiar

      real  rimmas, rhobar

      real   argtim, argqcw, argqxw, argtem

      real   frcswsw, frcswgl, frcswgm, frcswgh, frcswfw, frcswsw1

      real   frcglgl, frcglgm, frcglgh,  frcglfw, frcglgl1

      real   frcgmgl, frcgmgm, frcgmgh,  frcgmfw, frcgmgm1

      real   frcghgl, frcghgm, frcghgh,  frcghfw,  frcghgh1

      real   frcfwgl, frcfwgm, frcfwgh, frcfwfw,  frcfwfw1

      real   frcswrsw, frcswrgl,  frcswrgm,  frcswrgh, frcswrfw

      real   frcswrsw1

      real   frcrswsw, frcrswgl, frcrswgm, frcrswgh, frcrswfw

      real  frcrswsw1

      real  frcglrgl, frcglrgm, frcglrgh,  frcglrfw, frcglrgl1

      real  frcrglgl

      real  frcrglgm,  frcrglgh, frcrglfw, frcrglgl1

      real  frcgmrgl, frcgmrgm, frcgmrgh, frcgmrfw,  frcgmrgm1

      real  frcrgmgl, frcrgmgm,  frcrgmgh, frcrgmfw, frcrgmgm1

      real  total,  qweps,  gf2a, gf4a, dqldt, dqidt, dqdt

      real frcghrgl, frcghrgm, frcghrgh, frcghrfw, frcghrgh1, frcrghgl

      real frcrghgm, frcrghgh,  frcrghfw, frcrghgh1

      real    a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6

      real   gamss

      real cdw, cdi, denom1, denom2, delqci1, delqip1

      real cirtotn,  ciptotn, cgmtotn, chltotn,  cirtotp

      real  cgmfac, chlfac,  cirfac

      integer igmhla, igmhlb, igmgla, igmglb, igmgma,  igmgmb

      integer igmgha, igmghb

      integer idqis, item, itim0

      integer  iqgl, iqgm, iqgh, iqrw, iqsw

      integer  itertd, ia


      integer :: infdo


      real tau, ewtmp


      integer cntnic_noliq

      real     q_noliqmn, q_noliqmx

      real     scsacimn, scsacimx


      real :: dtpinv


!   arrays for temporary bin space


      real :: xden,xmlt,cmlt,cmlttot,fventm,fventh,am,ah,felfinv,dmwdt


      real :: qhmlrtmp,qhmlrtmp2, chmlrtmp, chmlrtmpd1inf, chlmlrtmp, zhlmlrtmp, zhlmlrrtmp, qvs0,tmpcmlt


      real :: term1,term2,term3,term4

      real :: qaacw ! combined qsacw-qhacw for WSM6 variation

      real :: cwchtmp


      real, parameter ::  c1r=19.0, c2r=0.6, c3r=1.8, c4r=17.0   ! rain

      real, parameter ::  c1h=5.5, c2h=0.7, c3h=4.5, c4h=8.5   ! Graupel

      real, parameter ::  c1hl=3.7, c2hl=0.3, c3hl=9.0, c4hl=6.5, c5hl=1.0, c6hl=6.5 ! Hail


! inline functions for Newton method

       real :: galpha, dgalpha

       real :: a_in

       logical, parameter :: newton = .false.


      galpha(a_in) = ((4. + a_in)*(5. + a_in)*(6. + a_in))/((1. + a_in)*(2. + a_in)*(3. + a_in))

      dgalpha(a_in) = (876. + 1260.*a_in + 621.*a_in**2 + 126.*a_in**3 + 9.*a_in**4)/            &

     &  (36. + 132.*a_in + 193.*a_in**2 + 144.*a_in**3 + 58.*a_in**4 + 12.*a_in**5 + a_in**6)

!

! ####################################################################

!

!  Start routine

!

! ####################################################################


!


       pb(:) = 0.0

       pinit(:) = 0.0

      itile = nx

      jtile = ny

      ktile = nz

      ixend = nx

      jyend = ny

      kzend = nz

      nxend = nx + 1

      nyend = ny + 1

      nzend = nz

      kzbeg = 1

      nzbeg = 1


      istag = 0

      jstag = 0

      kstag = 1


      lrescalelow(:) = rescale_low_alpha

      lrescalelow(lr) = rescale_low_alphar .and. rescale_low_alpha

      lrescalelow(lh) = rescale_low_alphah .and. rescale_low_alpha

      IF ( lf > 1 ) lrescalelow(lf) = rescale_low_alphah .and. rescale_low_alpha

      IF ( lhl > 1 ) lrescalelow(lhl) = rescale_low_alphahl .and. rescale_low_alpha


!

!  slope intercepts

!


      IF ( ngs .lt. nz ) THEN

!       write(0,*) 'Error in ICEZVD: Must have ngs .ge. nz!'

!       STOP

      ENDIF


      cntnic_noliq = 0

      q_noliqmn = 0.0

      q_noliqmx = 0.0

      scsacimn = 0.0

      scsacimx = 0.0


      ldovol = .false.


      DO il = lc,lhab

        ldovol = ldovol .or. ( lvol(il) .gt. 1 )

      ENDDO


      ffrzh = 1

!      DO il = lc,lhab

!        write(iunit,*) 'delqnxa(',il,') = ',delqnxa(il)

!      ENDDO


!

!  density maximums and minimums

!


!

!  Set terminal velocities...

!    also set drag coefficients

!


      dtpinv = 1.d0/dtp


!


!

!  electricity constants

!

!  mixing ratio epsilon

!

      qeps  = 1.0e-20


!  rebound efficiency (erbnd)

!

!

!

!  constants

!


!      cp608 = 0.608

      aradcw = -0.27544

      bradcw = 0.26249e+06

      cradcw = -1.8896e+10

      dradcw = 4.4626e+14

      bta1 = 0.6

      cnit = 1.0e-02

      dragh = 0.60

      dnz00 = 1.225

!      cs = 4.83607122

!      ds = 0.25

!  new values for  cs and ds

      cs = 12.42

      ds = 0.42

      pii = piinv ! 1./pi

      pid4 = pi/4.0

!      qscrit = 6.0e-04

      gf1 = 1.0 ! gamma(1.0)

      gf1p5 = 0.8862269255  ! gamma(1.5)

      gf2 = 1.0 ! gamma(2.0)

      gf3 = 2.0 ! gamma(3.0)

      gf3p5 = 3.32335097 ! gamma(3.5)

      gf4 = 6.00 ! gamma(4.0)

      gf5 = 24.0 ! gamma(5.0)

      gf6 = 120.0 ! gamma(6.0)

      gf7 = 720.0 ! gamma(7.0)

      gf4br = 17.837861981813607 ! gamma(4.0+br)

      gf4ds = 10.41688578110938 ! gamma(4.0+ds)

      gf4p5 = 11.63172839656745 ! gamma(4.0+0.5)

      gf3ds = 3.0458730354120997 ! gamma(3.0+ds)

      gf1ds = 0.8863557896089221 ! gamma(1.0+ds)


      gf43rds = 0.8929795116 ! gamma(4./3.)

      gf53rds = 0.9027452930 ! gamma(5./3.)

      gf73rds = 1.190639349 ! gamma(7./3.)

      gf83rds = 1.504575488 ! gamma(8./3.)


      gamice73fac =  (gamma_sp(7./3. + cinu))**3/ (gamma_sp(1. + cinu)**3 * (1. + cinu)**4)

      gamsnow73fac =  (gamma_sp(7./3. + snu))**3/ (gamma_sp(1. + snu)**3 * (1. + snu)**4)


!      gcnup1 = Gamma_sp(cnu + 1.)

!      gcnup2 = Gamma_sp(cnu + 2.)

!

!  constants

!

!

!  general constants for microphysics

!

      brz = 100.0

      arz = 0.66


      bfnu1 = (4. + alphar)*(5. + alphar)*(6. + alphar)/ &

     &       ((1. + alphar)*(2. + alphar)*(3. + alphar))


       galpharaut = (6.+alpharaut)*(5.+alpharaut)*(4.+alpharaut)/ &

     &             ((3.+alpharaut)*(2.+alpharaut)*(1.+alpharaut))


      vfrz = 0.523599*(dfrz)**3

      vmlt = min(xvmx(lr), 0.523599*(dmlt)**3 )

      vshd = min(xvmx(lr), 0.523599*(dshd)**3 )


      IF ( snowmeltdia > 0.0 ) THEN

        snowmeltmass = pi/6.0 * 1000. * snowmeltdia**3  ! maximum rain particle mass from melting snow (if snowmeltdia > 0)

      ENDIF


      tdtol = 1.0e-05

      tfrcbw = tfr - cbw

      tfrcbi = tfr - cbi


      IF ( mixedphase ) THEN

       ibinhmlr = 0

       ibinhlmlr = 0

      ENDIF

!

!

! #ifdef COMMAS

!      print*,'ventr,ventc = ',ventr,ventc


!

!  Set up look up tables for supersaturation w.r.t. liq and ice

!

!VD$L SKIP

!      do l = 1,nqsat

!      temq = 163.15 + (l-1)*fqsat

!      tabqvs(l) = exp(caw*(temq-273.15)/(temq-cbw))

!      tabqis(l) = exp(cai*(temq-273.15)/(temq-cbi))

!      end do


      mltmass0inv = 1.0/( 1000.0* xvmx(lr) ) ! for drops melting from ice with diameter > 1.9cm

      mltmass1inv = 1.0/( 1000.0*(4.0*pi/3.0)*((0.01*0.5*takshedsize1)**3) ) ! for drops melting from ice with diameter > 1.9cm; 0.01 converts cm to m, 0.5 conv. diam to radius

      mltmass2inv = 1.0/( 1000.0*(4.0*pi/3.0)*((0.01*0.5*takshedsize2)**3) ) ! for drops melting from ice with 0.9cm < d < 1.9cm (or 1.6cm to 1.9cm)

      mltmass3inv = 1.0/( 1000.0*(4.0*pi/3.0)*((0.01*0.5*takshedsize3)**3) ) ! for drops melting from ice with 0.9cm < d < 1.6cm

      mltmass1cgs =  1.0*(4.0*pi/3.0)*((0.5*takshedsize1)**3)

      mltmass2cgs =  1.0*(4.0*pi/3.0)*((0.5*takshedsize2)**3)

      mltmass3cgs =  1.0*(4.0*pi/3.0)*((0.5*takshedsize3)**3)


!      real, parameter :: mltdiam1 = 9.0e-3, mltdiam2 = 19.0e-3, mltdiam05 = 4.5e-3


      IF ( ibinnum == 1 ) THEN

        numdiam = 1 ! must have numdiam < ndiam because numdiam+1 holds values for the interval of mltdiam(numdiam) to mltdiam(ndiam+1)

        mltdiam(1) = 4.5e-3

      ELSEIF ( ibinnum == 2 ) THEN

        numdiam = 2 ! must have numdiam < ndiam because numdiam+1 holds values for the interval of mltdiam(numdiam) to mltdiam(ndiam+1)

        mltdiam(1) = mltdiam1/6. ! 1.5e-3

        mltdiam(2) = mltdiam1/2. ! 4.5e-3

      ELSEIF ( ibinnum > 2 ) THEN

        numdiam = min(ibinnum, ndiam)

        DO k = 1,numdiam

          mltdiam(k) = (k - 0.5)*mltdiam1/float(numdiam)

        ENDDO


      ELSE

        numdiam = 5 ! must have numdiam < ndiam because numdiam+1 holds values for the interval of mltdiam(numdiam) to mltdiam(ndiam+1)

        mltdiam(1) = 0.5e-3

        mltdiam(2) = 1.0e-3

        mltdiam(3) = 2.0e-3

        mltdiam(4) = 4.0e-3

        mltdiam(5) = 6.0e-3

      ENDIF


      IF ( numshedregimes == 2 ) THEN

        mltdiam(ndiam+1) = mltdiam1 !  9.0e-3

        mltdiam(ndiam+2) = mltdiam3 ! 19.0e-3

        mltdiam(ndiam+3) = mltdiam4 !100.0e-3

      ELSEIF ( numshedregimes == 3 ) THEN

        mltdiam(ndiam+1) = mltdiam1 !  9.0e-3

        mltdiam(ndiam+2) = mltdiam2 ! 16.0e-3

        mltdiam(ndiam+3) = mltdiam3 ! 19.0e-3

        mltdiam(ndiam+4) = mltdiam4 !200.0e-3

      ENDIF


      kzb = 1

      kze = ktile

!      if (kzend .eq. nzend) kze = kzend-kzbeg+1-kstag


!

!  cw constants in mks units

!

!      cwmasn = 4.25e-15  ! radius of 1.0e-6

      mwfac = 6.0**(1./3.)

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

!        cwmasn = xvmn(lc)*1000.

!        cwradn = 1.0e-6

!        cwmasx = xvmx(lc)*1000.

      ENDIF

        rwmasn = xvmn(lr)*1000.

        rwmasx = xvmx(lr)*1000.


      IF ( biggsnowdiam > 0.0 ) THEN

        xvbiggsnow = (pi/6.0)*biggsnowdiam**3

      ELSE

        xvbiggsnow = xvmn(lh)

      ENDIF


!

!  ci constants in mks units

!

      cimasn = min(cimas0, cimas1) ! 12 microns for  0.1871*(xmas(mgs,li)**(0.3429))

      cimasx = 1.0e-8   ! 338 microns

      ccimx = 5000.0e3   ! max of 5000 per liter


!

!  constants for paramerization

!

!

!  set save counter (number of saves):  nsvcnt

!

!      nsvcnt = 0

      iend = 0


!      timetd1 = etime(tarray)

!      timetd1 = tarray(1)


!

!***********************************************************

!  start jy loop

!***********************************************************

!


!      do 9999 jy = 1,ny-jstag

!

!  VERY IMPORTANT:  SET jy = jgs

!

      jy = jgs


!      t1(:,:,:) = 0

!      t2(:,:,:) = 0

!      t3(:,:,:) = 0

!      t4(:,:,:) = 0

!      t5(:,:,:) = 0

!      t6(:,:,:) = 0

!      t8(:,:,:) = 0


      IF ( ipconc < 2 ) THEN ! Make a copy of cloud droplet mixing ratio to use for homogeneous freezing

        DO kz = 1,kze

         DO ix = 1,itile

           t9(ix,jy,kz) = an(ix,jy,kz,lc)

         ENDDO

        ENDDO

      ENDIF


!

!..Gather microphysics

!

      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: ENTER GATHER STAGE'


      nxmpb = 1

      nzmpb = 1

      nxz = itile*nz

      numgs = nxz/ngs + 1

!      write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: ENTER GATHER STAGE: nx,nz,nxz,numgs,ngs = ',nx,nz,nxz,numgs,ngs


      do 1000 inumgs = 1,numgs

      ngscnt = 0


      do kz = nzmpb,kze

      do ix = nxmpb,itile


      pqs(1) = t00(ix,jy,kz)

      pres(1) = pn(ix,jy,kz) + pb(kz)


      theta(1) = an(ix,jy,kz,lt)

      temg(1) = t0(ix,jy,kz)

      temcg(1) = temg(1) - tfr

      tqvcon = temg(1)-cbw

      ltemq = (temg(1)-163.15)/fqsat + 1.5

      ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )

      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        qvs(1) = pqs(1)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

        qvs(1) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(1) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF


      IF ( iqis0 == 1 .or. temg(1) <= tfr+0.5 ) THEN

        qis(1) = pqs(1)*tabqis(ltemq)

      ELSE

        ltemq = (tfr - 163.15)/fqsat + 1.5

        qis(1) = pqs(1)*tabqis(ltemq)

      ENDIF


      qss(1) = qvs(1)


      if ( temg(1) .lt. tfr ) then

        qss(1) = qis(1)

      end if

!

      ishail = .false.

      IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

        IF ( an(ix,jy,kz,lhl)  .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) ishail = .true.

      ENDIF


      if ( an(ix,jy,kz,lv)  .gt. qss(1) .or.   &

     &     an(ix,jy,kz,lc)  .gt. qxmin(lc)   .or.    &

     &     an(ix,jy,kz,li)  .gt. qxmin(li)   .or.   &

     &     an(ix,jy,kz,lr)  .gt. qxmin(lr)   .or.   &

     &     an(ix,jy,kz,ls)  .gt. qxmin(ls)   .or.   &

     &     an(ix,jy,kz,lh)  .gt. qxmin(lh)   .or.  ishail ) then

      ngscnt = ngscnt + 1

      igs(ngscnt) = ix

      kgs(ngscnt) = kz

      if ( ngscnt .eq. ngs ) goto 1100

      end if

      enddo !ix

      nxmpb = 1

      enddo !kz

 1100 continue


      if ( ngscnt .eq. 0 ) go to 9998


      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: dbg = 5, ngscnt = ',ngscnt


!      write(0,*) 'allocating qc'


      xv(:,:) = 0.0

      xmas(:,:) = 0.0

      vtxbar(:,:,:) = 0.0

      xdia(:,:,:) = 0.0

      raindn(:,:) = 900.

      cx(:,:) = 0.0

      IF ( lnhf > 1 .or. lnhlf > 1 ) chxf(:,:) = 0.0

      alpha(:,:) = 0.0

      DO il = li,lhab

        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          rimdn(mgs,il)  = rimedens ! xdn0(il)

        ENDDO

      ENDDO

!

!  define temporaries for state variables to be used in calculations

!

      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: dbg = def temps'

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      kgsm(mgs) = max(kgs(mgs)-1,1)

      kgsp(mgs) = min(kgs(mgs)+1,nz-1)

      kgsm2(mgs) = max(kgs(mgs)-2,1)

      theta0(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lt)

      thetap(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lt) - theta0(mgs)

      theta(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lt)

      qv0(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lv)

      qwvp(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lv)  - qv0(mgs) ! qv0(mgs) is full qv, so qwvp starts as zero!


      pres(mgs) = pn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) + pb(kgs(mgs))

      pipert(mgs) = p2(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

      rho0(mgs) = dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

      rhoinv(mgs) = 1.0/rho0(mgs)

      rhovt(mgs) = sqrt(rho00/max(0.05,rho0(mgs))) ! prevent excessive rhovt

      pi0(mgs) = p2(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) + pinit(kgs(mgs))

      temg(mgs) = t0(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

      temgkm1(mgs) = t0(igs(mgs),jy,kgsm(mgs))

      temgkm2(mgs) = t0(igs(mgs),jy,kgsm2(mgs))

      pk(mgs)   = p2(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) + pinit(kgs(mgs)) ! t77(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))

      temcg(mgs) = temg(mgs) - tfr

      qss0(mgs) = (380.0)/(pres(mgs))

      pqs(mgs) = (380.0)/(pres(mgs))

      ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

      ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF


      IF ( iqis0 == 1 .or. temg(mgs) <= tfr+0.5 ) THEN

        qis(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqis(ltemq)

      ELSE

        ltemq = (tfr - 163.15)/fqsat + 1.5

        qis(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqis(ltemq)

      ENDIF

      qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)

!      es(mgs)  = 6.1078e2*tabqvs(ltemq)

!      eis(mgs) = 6.1078e2*tabqis(ltemq)

      cnostmp(mgs) = cno(ls)

!


      il5(mgs) = 0

      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr ) then

      il5(mgs) = 1

      end if

      enddo !mgs


      IF ( ipconc < 1 .and. lwsm6 ) THEN

        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          tmp = min( 0.0, temcg(mgs) )

          cnostmp(mgs) = min( 2.e8, 2.e6*exp(0.12*tmp) )

        ENDDO

      ENDIF


!

! zero arrays that are used but not otherwise set (tm)

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

         qhshr(mgs) = 0.0

       end do

!

!  set temporaries for microphysics variables

!

      DO il = lv,lhab

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        qx(mgs,il) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),il), 0.0)

      ENDDO

      end do


      qxw(:,:) = 0.0

      qxwlg(:,:) = 0.0


!

!  set concentrations

!

!      ssmax = 0.0


      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 .and. my_rank>=0 ) write(0,*)  'ICEZVD_GS: dbg = 5b'


      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,li) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lni), 0.0)

          IF ( qx(mgs,li) .le. qxmin(li) ) THEN

            cx(mgs,li) = 0.0

          ENDIF


        IF ( lcina .gt. 1 ) THEN

         cina(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcina)

        ELSE

         cina(mgs) = cx(mgs,li)

        ENDIF

        IF ( lcin > 1 ) THEN

         ccin(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcin)

        ENDIF

       end do

      end if

      if ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,lc) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnc), 0.0)

!        cx(mgs,lc) = Min( ccwmx, cx(mgs,lc) )

        IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc) ) THEN

          cx(mgs,lc) = 0.0

        ENDIF

        IF ( lss > 1 ) THEN

        ssmax(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lss)

        ENDIF

        IF ( lccn .gt. 1 ) THEN

         ccnc(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn)

        ELSE

         ccnc(mgs) = 0.0

        ENDIF

        IF ( lccna .gt. 1 ) THEN

         ccna(mgs) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccna)

        ELSE

         ccna(mgs) = cx(mgs,lc)

        ENDIF

       end do

!       ELSE

!       cx(mgs,lc) = Abs(ccn)

      end if

      if ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,lr) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnr), 0.0)

        IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .le. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

!          cx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

        ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,lr) .eq. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lr) .lt. 3.0*qxmin(lr) ) THEN

          qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,lr)

          qx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

        ELSE

          cx(mgs,lr) = max( 1.e-9, cx(mgs,lr) )

        ENDIF

       end do

      end if

      if ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        cx(mgs,ls) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lns), 0.0)

        IF ( qx(mgs,ls) .le. qxmin(ls) ) THEN

!          cx(mgs,ls) = 0.0

        ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,ls) .eq. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,ls) .lt. 3.0*qxmin(ls) ) THEN

          qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,ls)

          qx(mgs,ls) = 0.0

        ELSE

          cx(mgs,ls) = max( 1.e-9, cx(mgs,ls) )


         IF ( ilimit .ge. ipc(ls) ) THEN

            tmp = (xdn0(ls)*cx(mgs,ls))/(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls))

            tmp2 = (tmp*(3.14159))**(1./3.)

            cnox = cx(mgs,ls)*(tmp2)

         IF ( cnox .gt. 3.0*cno(ls) ) THEN

           cx(mgs,ls) = 3.0*cno(ls)/tmp2

         ENDIF

         ENDIF

        ENDIF

       end do

      end if

      if ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt


        cx(mgs,lh) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnh), 0.0)

        IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .le. qxmin(lh) ) THEN

!          cx(mgs,lh) = 0.0

        ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,lh) .eq. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lh) .lt. 3.0*qxmin(lh) ) THEN

          qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,lh)

          qx(mgs,lh) = 0.0

        ELSE

          cx(mgs,lh) = max( 1.e-9, cx(mgs,lh) )

         IF ( ilimit .ge. ipc(lh) ) THEN

            tmp = (xdn0(lh)*cx(mgs,lh))/(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh))

            tmp2 = (tmp*(3.14159))**(1./3.)

            cnox = cx(mgs,lh)*(tmp2)

         IF ( cnox .gt. 3.0*cno(lh) ) THEN

           cx(mgs,lh) = 3.0*cno(lh)/tmp2

         ENDIF

         ENDIF

        ENDIF


       end do


      end if


      if ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ipconc .ge. 5 ) then

       do mgs = 1,ngscnt


        cx(mgs,lhl) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnhl), 0.0)

        IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .le. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

          cx(mgs,lhl) = 0.0

        ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,lhl) .eq. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lhl) .lt. 3.0*qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

          qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,lhl)

          qx(mgs,lhl) = 0.0

        ELSE

          cx(mgs,lhl) = max( 1.e-9, cx(mgs,lhl) )

         IF ( ilimit .ge. ipc(lhl) ) THEN

            tmp = (xdn0(lhl)*cx(mgs,lhl))/(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl))

            tmp2 = (tmp*(3.14159))**(1./3.)

            cnox = cx(mgs,lhl)*(tmp2)

         IF ( cnox .gt. 3.0*cno(lhl) ) THEN

           cx(mgs,lhl) = 3.0*cno(lhl)/tmp2

         ENDIF

         ENDIF

        ENDIF


       end do

      end if


!

! Set mean particle volume

!

      IF ( ldovol ) THEN


      vx(:,:) = 0.0


       DO il = li,lhab


        IF ( lvol(il) .ge. 1 ) THEN


          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

            vx(mgs,il) = max(an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lvol(il)), 0.0)

          ENDDO


        ENDIF


       ENDDO


      ENDIF


!

! Set liquid water fraction

!

      fhw(:) = 0.0

      fsw(:) = 0.0

      fhlw(:) = 0.0


!

!  6th moments

!


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 6 ) THEN

       zx(:,:) = 0.0

       DO il = lr,lhab

        IF ( lz(il) .gt. 1 ) THEN

         DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          zx(mgs,il) = max( an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)), 0.0 )

         ENDDO

        ENDIF

       ENDDO


      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 6 ) THEN


         tmp = alphamax - 1.0

         g1xmax = (6.0 + tmp)*(5.0 + tmp)*(4.0 + tmp)/ &

     &            ((3.0 + tmp)*(2.0 + tmp)*(1.0 + tmp))

         g1xmin = (6.0 + alphamin)*(5.0 + alphamin)*(4.0 + alphamin)/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alphamin)*(2.0 + alphamin)*(1.0 + alphamin))


       IF ( lz(lr) .lt. 1 ) THEN

         g1x(:,lr) = (6.0 + alphar)*(5.0 + alphar)*(4.0 + alphar)/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alphar)*(2.0 + alphar)*(1.0 + alphar))


         DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

           IF ( cx(mgs,lr) .gt. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr)  ) THEN


            vr = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(1000.*cx(mgs,lr))

            IF ( lzr < 1 ) THEN

             IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

               zx(mgs,lr) = 3.6476*(rnu+2.0)*cx(mgs,lr)*vr**2/(rnu+1.0)

             ELSE ! imurain == 1

               zx(mgs,lr) = 3.6476*g1x(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr)*vr**2

             ENDIF

            ENDIF


           ENDIF

         ENDDO

       ENDIF


      ENDIF


         IF ( ipconc == 5 ) THEN

         ! set up factors for ihlcnh=3 conversion

         g1x(:,lr) = (6.0 + alphar)*(5.0 + alphar)*(4.0 + alphar)/ &

     &              ((3.0 + alphar)*(2.0 + alphar)*(1.0 + alphar))

         g1x(:,lh) = (6.0 + alphah)*(5.0 + alphah)*(4.0 + alphah)/ &

     &               ((3.0 + alphah)*(2.0 + alphah)*(1.0 + alphah))

           IF ( lhl > 0 ) THEN

            g1x(:,lhl) = (6.0 + alphahl)*(5.0 + alphahl)*(4.0 + alphahl)/ &

     &               ((3.0 + alphahl)*(2.0 + alphahl)*(1.0 + alphahl))

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


        scx(:,:) = 0.0

!

!  set shape parameters

!

       if ( ndebug .gt. 0 .and. my_rank>=0 ) write(0,*) my_rank,  'ICEZVD_GS: dbg = set alpha'

      IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

        alpha(:,lr) = alphar

      ELSEIF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

        alpha(:,lr) = xnu(lr)

      ENDIF


      alpha(:,li) = xnu(li)

      alpha(:,lc) = xnu(lc)


      IF ( imusnow == 1 ) THEN

        alpha(:,ls) = alphas

      ELSEIF ( imusnow == 3 ) THEN

        alpha(:,ls) = xnu(ls)

      ENDIF


       if ( ndebug .gt. 0 .and. my_rank>=0 ) write(0,*) my_rank,  'ICEZVD_GS: dbg = set dab'


      DO il = lr,lhab

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        IF ( il .ge. lg ) alpha(mgs,il) = dnu(il)


        DO ic = lc,lhab

        dab0lh(mgs,il,ic) =  dab0(il,ic) ! dab0(ic,il)

        dab1lh(mgs,il,ic) =  dab1(il,ic) ! dab1(ic,il)

        ENDDO

      end do

      ENDDO


!      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

        DO il = lr,lhab

          da0lx(:,il) = da0(il)

        ENDDO

        da0lh(:) = da0(lh)

        da0lr(:) = da0(lr)

        da1lr(:) = da1(lr)

        da0lc(:) = da0(lc)

        da1lc(:) = da1(lc)


       if ( ndebug .gt. 0 .and. my_rank>=0 ) write(0,*) my_rank,  'ICEZVD_GS: dbg = set rz'


        IF ( lzh < 1 .or. lzhl < 1 ) THEN

          rzxhlh(:) = rzhl/rz

        ELSEIF ( lzh > 1 .and. lzhl > 1 ) THEN

          rzxhlh(:) = 1.

        ENDIF

        IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN

          rzxh(:) = 1.

          rzxhl(:) = 1.

        ELSE

          rzxh(:) = rz

          rzxhl(:) = rzhl

        ENDIF


        IF ( imurain == 1 .and. imusnow == 3 .and. lzr < 1 ) THEN

          rzxs(:) = rzs

        ELSEIF ( imurain == imusnow .or. lzr > 1 ) THEN

          rzxs(:) = 1.

        ENDIF

 !     ENDDO


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

        da0lhl(mgs) = da0(lhl)

      ENDDO

      ENDIF


      ventrx(:) = ventr

      ventrxn(:) = ventrn

      gf1palp(:) = gamma_sp(1.0 + alphar)


!

!  set factors

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

      ssi(mgs) = qx(mgs,lv)/qis(mgs)

      ssw(mgs) = qx(mgs,lv)/qvs(mgs)

!

      tsqr(mgs) = temg(mgs)**2

!

      temgx(mgs) = min(temg(mgs),313.15)

      temgx(mgs) = max(temgx(mgs),233.15)

      felv(mgs) = 2500837.367 * (273.15/temgx(mgs))**((0.167)+(3.67e-4)*temgx(mgs))

!

      temcgx(mgs) = min(temg(mgs),273.15)

      temcgx(mgs) = max(temcgx(mgs),223.15)

      temcgx(mgs) = temcgx(mgs)-273.15


! felf = latent heat of fusion, fels = LH of sublimation, felv = LH of vaporization

      felf(mgs) = 333690.6098 + (2030.61425)*temcgx(mgs) - (10.46708312)*temcgx(mgs)**2

!

      fels(mgs) = felv(mgs) + felf(mgs)

!

      felvs(mgs) = felv(mgs)*felv(mgs)

      felss(mgs) = fels(mgs)*fels(mgs)


        IF ( eqtset <= 1 ) THEN

          felvcp(mgs) = felv(mgs)*cpi

          felscp(mgs) = fels(mgs)*cpi

          felfcp(mgs) = felf(mgs)*cpi

        ELSE


          ! equations from appendix in Bryan and Morrison (2012, MWR)

          ! note that rw is Rv in the paper, and rd is R.


          tmp = qx(mgs,li)+qx(mgs,ls)+qx(mgs,lh)

          IF ( lhl > 1 ) tmp = tmp + qx(mgs,lhl)

          cvm = cv+cvv*qx(mgs,lv)+cpl*(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr))   &

                                  +cpigb*(tmp)


          IF ( eqtset == 2 ) THEN ! compact form from treating dT/dt = theta*d(pi)/dt + pi*d(theta)dt and then applied to theta assuming constant pi

          felvcp(mgs) = (felv(mgs)-rw*temg(mgs))/cvm

          felscp(mgs) = (fels(mgs)-rw*temg(mgs))/cvm

          felfcp(mgs) = felf(mgs)/cvm


          ELSE

           ! equivalent version that applies separate updates of latent heating to theta and pi, when both are returned.


          cpm = cp+cpv*qx(mgs,lv)+cpl*(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr))   &

                                  +cpigb*(tmp)

          rmm=rd+rw*qx(mgs,lv)


          felvcp(mgs) = (felv(mgs)*cv/(cp) - rw*temg(mgs)*(1.0-rovcp*cpm/rmm))/cvm

          felscp(mgs) = (fels(mgs)*cv/(cp) - rw*temg(mgs)*(1.0-rovcp*cpm/rmm))/cvm

          felfcp(mgs) = felf(mgs)*cv/(cp*cvm)


          felvpi(mgs) = pi0(mgs)*rovcp*(felv(mgs)/(temg(mgs)) - rw*cpm/rmm)/cvm

          felspi(mgs) = pi0(mgs)*rovcp*(fels(mgs)/(temg(mgs)) - rw*cpm/rmm)/cvm

          felfpi(mgs) = pi0(mgs)*rovcp*(felf(mgs)/(cvm*temg(mgs)))


          ENDIF


        ENDIF

!

      fgamw(mgs) = felvcp(mgs)/pi0(mgs)

      fgams(mgs) = felscp(mgs)/pi0(mgs)

!

      fcqv1(mgs) = 4098.0258*pi0(mgs)*fgamw(mgs)

      fcqv2(mgs) = 5807.6953*pi0(mgs)*fgams(mgs)

      fcc3(mgs) = felfcp(mgs)/pi0(mgs)

!

!  fwvdf = water vapor diffusivity

      fwvdf(mgs) = (2.11e-05)*((temg(mgs)/tfr)**1.94)*(101325.0/(pres(mgs)))

!

! fadvisc = 'd' for dynamic viscosity

! fakvisc = 'k' for kinematic viscosity

      fadvisc(mgs) = advisc0*(416.16/(temg(mgs)+120.0))*(temg(mgs)/296.0)**(1.5) ! dynamic visc.

!

      fakvisc(mgs) = fadvisc(mgs)*rhoinv(mgs) ! divide by rho_air to get kinematic visc. (note the 'k' vs. 'd')

!

      temcgx(mgs) = min(temg(mgs),273.15)

      temcgx(mgs) = max(temcgx(mgs),233.15)

      temcgx(mgs) = temcgx(mgs)-273.15

      fci(mgs) = (2.118636 + 0.007371*(temcgx(mgs)))*(1.0e+03)

!

      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.15 ) then

      temcgx(mgs) = min(temg(mgs),273.15)

      temcgx(mgs) = max(temcgx(mgs),233.15)

      temcgx(mgs) = temcgx(mgs)-273.15

      fcw(mgs) = 4203.1548  + (1.30572e-2)*((temcgx(mgs)-35.)**2)   &

     &                 + (1.60056e-5)*((temcgx(mgs)-35.)**4)

      end if

      if ( temg(mgs) .ge. 273.15 ) then

      temcgx(mgs) = min(temg(mgs),308.15)

      temcgx(mgs) = max(temcgx(mgs),273.15)

      temcgx(mgs) = temcgx(mgs)-273.15

      fcw(mgs) = 4243.1688  + (3.47104e-1)*(temcgx(mgs)**2)

      end if

!

      ftka(mgs) = tka0*fadvisc(mgs)/advisc1  ! thermal conductivity: proportional to dynamic viscosity

      fthdf(mgs) = ftka(mgs)*cpi*rhoinv(mgs)

!

      fschm(mgs) = (fakvisc(mgs)/fwvdf(mgs))  ! Schmidt number

      fpndl(mgs) = (fakvisc(mgs)/fthdf(mgs))  ! Prandl number (only used for bin melting)

!

      fai(mgs) = (fels(mgs)**2)/(ftka(mgs)*rw*temg(mgs)**2)

      fbi(mgs) = (1.0/(rho0(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*qis(mgs)))

      fav(mgs) = (felv(mgs)**2)/(ftka(mgs)*rw*temg(mgs)**2)

      fbv(mgs) = (1.0/(rho0(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*qvs(mgs)))


      kp1 = min(nz, kgs(mgs)+1 )

      wvel(mgs) = (0.5)*(w(igs(mgs),jgs,kp1)   &

     &                  +w(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)))


!

      end do

!

!

!   ice habit fractions

!

!

!

!  Set density

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: Set density'

!


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        xdn(mgs,li) = xdn0(li)

        xdn(mgs,lc) = xdn0(lc)

        xdn(mgs,lr) = xdn0(lr)

        xdn(mgs,ls) = xdn0(ls)

        xdn(mgs,lh) = xdn0(lh)

        IF ( lvol(ls) .gt. 1 ) THEN

         IF ( vx(mgs,ls) .gt. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,ls) .gt. qxmin(ls) ) THEN

           xdn(mgs,ls) = min( xdnmx(ls), max( xdnmn(ls), rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/vx(mgs,ls) ) )

         ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 ) THEN

         IF ( vx(mgs,lh) .gt. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN

           IF ( mixedphase ) THEN

           ELSE

             dnmx = xdnmx(lh)

           ENDIF

           xdn(mgs,lh) = min( dnmx, max( xdnmn(lh), rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/vx(mgs,lh) ) )

           vx(mgs,lh) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/xdn(mgs,lh)


         ELSEIF ( vx(mgs,lh) == 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN ! if volume is zero, need to initialize the default value


           vx(mgs,lh) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/xdn(mgs,lh)


         ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


          xdn(mgs,lhl) = xdn0(lhl)

          xdntmp(mgs,lhl) = xdn0(lhl)


          IF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1 ) THEN

           IF ( vx(mgs,lhl) .gt. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN


           IF ( mixedphase .and. lhlw > 1 ) THEN

           ELSE

             dnmx = xdnmx(lhl)

           ENDIF


             xdn(mgs,lhl) = min( dnmx, max( xdnmn(lhl), rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/vx(mgs,lhl) ) )

             vx(mgs,lhl) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/xdn(mgs,lhl)

             xdntmp(mgs,lhl) = xdn(mgs,lhl)


           ELSEIF ( vx(mgs,lhl) == 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN ! if volume is zero, need to initialize the default value


             vx(mgs,lhl) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/xdn(mgs,lhl)


           ENDIF

          ENDIF


        ENDIF


      end do


      IF ( ipconc == 5 .and. imydiagalpha == 2 ) THEN


        cwchtmp = ((3. + dnu(lh))*(2. + dnu(lh))*(1.0 + dnu(lh)))**(-1./3.)


        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          !IF ( igs(mgs) == 19 ) write(0,*) 'k,qr,qh,cr,ch = ',kgs(mgs),qx(mgs,lr),cx(mgs,lr),qx(mgs,lh),cx(mgs,lh)

          IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) .and. cx(mgs,lr) > cxmin ) THEN

             xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr))            !

             xdia(mgs,lr,3) = (xv(mgs,lr)*6.0*cwc1)**(1./3.)

           !  alpha(mgs,lr) = Min(alphamax, c1r*tanh(c2r*(xdia(mgs,lr,3)*1000. - c3r)) + c4r)

           ! IF ( igs(mgs) == 19 ) write(0,*) 'imy: i,k,alpr,xdia = ',igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),alpha(mgs,lr),xdia(mgs,lr,3)*1000.


            ! Milbrandt & M-C 2010:

             tmp = 4. + alphar

             i = int(dgami*(tmp))

             del = tmp - dgam*i

             x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


             tmp = 1. + alphar

             i = int(dgami*(tmp))

             del = tmp - dgam*i

             y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


             tmp = (x/y)**(1./3.)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)*cwchtmp


             alpha(mgs,lr) = min(15., 11.8*(1000.*tmp - 0.7)**2 + 2.)

          ENDIF

          IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and. cx(mgs,lh) > cxmin ) THEN

!      MY 2005:

             xv(mgs,lh) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*cx(mgs,lh))            !

             xdia(mgs,lh,3) = (xv(mgs,lh)*6.*piinv)**(1./3.) ! mwfac*xdia(mgs,lh,1) ! (xv(mgs,lh)*cwc0*6.0)**(1./3.)

!             alpha(mgs,lh) = Min(alphamax, c1h*tanh(c2h*(xdia(mgs,lh,3)*1000. - c3h)) + c4h)


            ! Milbrandt & M-C 2010:

             tmp = 4. + dnu(lh)

             i = int(dgami*(tmp))

             del = tmp - dgam*i

             x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


             tmp = 1. + dnu(lh)

             i = int(dgami*(tmp))

             del = tmp - dgam*i

             y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


             tmp = (x/y)**(1./3.)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*cwchtmp


             alpha(mgs,lh) = min(15., 11.8*(1000.*tmp - 0.7)**2 + 2.)

            ! alphan(mgs,lh) = alpha(mgs,lh)


           ! IF ( igs(mgs) == 19 ) write(0,*) 'imy: i,k,alph,xdia = ',igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),alpha(mgs,lh),xdia(mgs,lh,3)*1000.

            il = lh

            DO ic = lc,lh-1 ! lhab

               i = nint( alpha(mgs,il)*dqiacralphainv )

               IF ( ic == lc .or. ic == li .or. ic == ls .or. (ic == lr .and. imurain == 3) ) THEN

                 alp = (3.*alpha(mgs,ic) + 2.)

                 j = nint( (3.*alpha(mgs,ic) + 2.)*dqiacralphainv )

               ELSE ! IF ( ic == lr .and. imurain == 1 ) ! rain

                 alp = alpha(mgs,ic)

                 j = nint( alpha(mgs,ic)*dqiacralphainv )

               ENDIF


               dab0lh(mgs,ic,il) = dab0lu(j,i,ic,il)

               dab1lh(mgs,ic,il) = dab1lu(j,i,ic,il)

               dab0lh(mgs,il,ic) = dab0lu(i,j,il,ic)

               dab1lh(mgs,il,ic) = dab1lu(i,j,il,ic)

             ENDDO

          ENDIF

!        alpha(:,lr) = 0. ! 10.

!        alpha(:,lh) = 0. ! 10.

          IF ( lhl > 0 ) THEN

          IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and. cx(mgs,lhl) > cxmin ) THEN

             xv(mgs,lhl) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)/(xdn(mgs,lhl)*cx(mgs,lhl))            !

             xdia(mgs,lhl,3) = (xv(mgs,lhl)*6.*piinv)**(1./3.)

             IF ( xdia(mgs,lhl,3) < 0.008 ) THEN

               alpha(mgs,lhl) = min(alphamax, c1hl*tanh(c2hl*(xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*1000. - c3hl)) + c4hl)

             ELSE

               alpha(mgs,lhl) = min(alphamax, c5hl*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*1000. + c6hl)

             ENDIF


            il = lhl

            DO ic = lc,lh-1 ! lhab

               i = nint( alpha(mgs,il)*dqiacralphainv )

               IF ( ic == lc .or. ic == li .or. ic == ls .or. (ic == lr .and. imurain == 3) ) THEN

                 alp = (3.*alpha(mgs,ic) + 2.)

                 j = nint( (3.*alpha(mgs,ic) + 2.)*dqiacralphainv )

               ELSE ! IF ( ic == lr .and. imurain == 1 ) ! rain

                 alp = alpha(mgs,ic)

                 j = nint( alpha(mgs,ic)*dqiacralphainv )

               ENDIF


               dab0lh(mgs,ic,il) = dab0lu(j,i,ic,il)

               dab1lh(mgs,ic,il) = dab1lu(j,i,ic,il)

               dab0lh(mgs,il,ic) = dab0lu(i,j,il,ic)

               dab1lh(mgs,il,ic) = dab1lu(i,j,il,ic)

             ENDDO


          ENDIF

          ENDIF


        ENDDO

      ENDIF


       IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

         IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN

           alphashr = 0.0

           alphamlr = -2.0/3.0

           alphasmlr = -2.0/3.0

         ELSE

           alphashr = xnu(lr)

           alphamlr = xnu(lr)

           alphasmlr = xnu(lr)

         ENDIF

!         massfacshr = ( (2. + 3.*(1. +alphashr) )/( 3.*(1. + alphashr) ) )**(1./3.) ! this is the diameter factor

!         massfacmlr = ( (2. + 3.*(1. +alphamlr) )/( 3.*(1. + alphamlr) ) )**(1./3.)

         massfacshr = ( (2. + 3.*(1. +alphashr) )**3/( 3.*(1. + alphashr) ) )  ! this is the mass or volume factor

         massfacmlr = ( (2. + 3.*(1. +alphamlr) )**3/( 3.*(1. + alphamlr) ) )

       ELSEIF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

         IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN

           alphashr = 4.0

           alphamlr = 4.0

           alphasmlr = alphasmlr0

         ELSE

           alphashr = alphar

           alphamlr = alphar

           alphasmlr = alphar

         ENDIF

!         massfacshr = (3.0 + alphashr)*((3.+alphashr)*(2.+alphashr)*(1. + alphashr) )**(-1./3.) ! this is the diameter factor

!         massfacmlr = (3.0 + alphamlr)*((3.+alphamlr)*(2.+alphamlr)*(1. + alphamlr) )**(-1./3.)

         massfacshr = (3.0 + alphashr)**3/((3.+alphashr)*(2.+alphashr)*(1. + alphashr) ) ! this is the mass or volume factor

         massfacmlr = (3.0 + alphamlr)**3/((3.+alphamlr)*(2.+alphamlr)*(1. + alphamlr) )

       ENDIF


!  Find shape parameter rain


      g1shr = 1.0

      g1mlr = 1.0

      g1smlr = 1.0


!      CALL cld_cpu('Z-MOMENT-1')


      IF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN


      ! set base g1x in case rain is not 3-moment

       IF ( ipconc >= 6 .and. imurain == 3 ) THEN

         il = lr

         DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

!           g1x(mgs,il) = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

           g1x(mgs,il) = (alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0))

         ENDDO

       ENDIF


      IF (lzr > 1 ) THEN

       IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

         g1shr = (alphashr+2.0)/((alphashr+1.0))

         g1mlr = (alphamlr+2.0)/((alphamlr+1.0))

         g1smlr = (alphasmlr+2.0)/((alphasmlr+1.0))

       ELSEIF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

!         g1shr = 36.*(6.0 + alphashr)*(5.0 + alphashr)*(4.0 + alphashr)/ &

!     &            (pi**2*(3.0 + alphashr)*(2.0 + alphashr)*(1.0 + alphashr))

         g1shr = (6.0 + alphashr)*(5.0 + alphashr)*(4.0 + alphashr)/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alphashr)*(2.0 + alphashr)*(1.0 + alphashr))

!         g1mlr = 36.*(6.0 + alphamlr)*(5.0 + alphamlr)*(4.0 + alphamlr)/ &

!     &            (pi**2*(3.0 + alphamlr)*(2.0 + alphamlr)*(1.0 + alphamlr))

         g1mlr = (6.0 + alphamlr)*(5.0 + alphamlr)*(4.0 + alphamlr)/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alphamlr)*(2.0 + alphamlr)*(1.0 + alphamlr))

         g1smlr = (6.0 + alphasmlr)*(5.0 + alphasmlr)*(4.0 + alphasmlr)/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alphasmlr)*(2.0 + alphasmlr)*(1.0 + alphasmlr))

       ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( lzr > 1 .and. imurain == 3 ) THEN ! { RAIN SHAPE PARAM


!      CALL cld_cpu('Z-MOMENT-1r')

          il = lr

          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


         IF ( iresetmoments == 1 .or. iresetmoments == il .or. iresetmoments == -1  ) THEN ! .or. qx(mgs,il) <= qxmin(il)  THEN

         IF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3  THEN

!!            write(91,*) 'zx=0; qx,cx = ',1000.*qx(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il)

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

         ELSEIF ( iresetmoments == -1 .and. qx(mgs,il) < qxmin(il) ) THEN

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)


           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


         ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin .and. iresetmoments /= -1 ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3   THEN


           qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,il)

           zx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           qx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr) = qx(mgs,lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(lr)) = zx(mgs,lr)

         ENDIF

         ENDIF


         IF ( .false. .and. zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin ) THEN

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)


           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

         ENDIF


         IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN


        xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*max(1.0e-11,cx(mgs,lr)))

        IF ( xv(mgs,lr) .gt. xvmx(lr) ) THEN

!          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmx(lr)

!          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmx(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

        ELSEIF ( xv(mgs,lr) .lt. xvmn(lr) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmn(lr)

          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmn(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

        ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and reflectivity but no concentration, so set concentration, using default alpha

            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            z   = zx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z*xdn(mgs,lr)**2)

!            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) > 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and concentration but no reflectivity, so set reflectivity, using default alpha

            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            zx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(xdn(mgs,lr)**2*chw)

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(lr)) = zx(mgs,lr)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!   How did this happen?

         ! set values according to dBZ of -10, or Z = 0.1

!              0.1 = 1.e18*0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)*(hwdn/rwdn)**2

               zx(mgs,il) = 1.e-19/0.224*(xdn0(lr)/xdn0(il))**2

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

               z   = zx(mgs,il)

               qr  = qx(mgs,il)

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z*1000.*1000)

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

          ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,lr) > 0.0 ) THEN

            xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(1000.*cx(mgs,lr))

            vr = xv(mgs,lr)

           qr = qx(mgs,lr)

           nrx = cx(mgs,lr)

           z = zx(mgs,lr)


!           xv = (db(1,kz)*a(1,1,kz,lr))**2/(a(1,1,kz,lnr))

!           rd = z*(pi/6.*1000.)**2/xv


! determine shape parameter alpha by iteration

           IF ( z .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

!           alpha(mgs,lr) = 3.

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

           DO i = 1,20

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,lr)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,lr) = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

             alp = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


! check for artificial breakup (rain larger than allowed max size)

        IF (  (xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvmx(il) .or. (ioldlimiter >= 2 .and. xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvmx(il)/8.) )) THEN

          tmp = cx(mgs,il)

          IF ( ioldlimiter >= 2 ) THEN ! MY-style active breakup

            x = (6.*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(pi*xdn(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il)))**(1./3.)

            x1 = max(0.0e-3, x - 3.0e-3)

            x2 = max(0.5, x/6.0e-3)

            x3 = x2**3

            cx(mgs,il) = cx(mgs,il)*max((1.+2.222e3*x1**2), x3)

            xv(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)/max((1.+2.222e3*x1**2), x3)

          ELSE ! simple cutoff

            xv(mgs,il) = min( xvmx(il), max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

            xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

            cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

          ENDIF

            !xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

            !cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))


          IF ( tmp < cx(mgs,il) ) THEN ! breakup


            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            zx(mgs,il) = zx(mgs,il) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/xdn(mgs,il))**2*( (qx(mgs,il)/tmp)**2 * (tmp-cx(mgs,il)) )

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


           vr = xv(mgs,lr)

           qr = qx(mgs,lr)

           nrx = cx(mgs,lr)

           z = zx(mgs,lr)


! determine shape parameter alpha by iteration

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

           DO i = 1,20

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,lr)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,lr) = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

             alp = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


          ENDIF

        ENDIF


!

! Check whether the shape parameter is at or less than the minimum, and if it is, reset the

! concentration or reflectivity to match (prevents reflectivity from being out of balance with Q and N)

!

              g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

           IF ( .true. .and. (alpha(mgs,il) <= rnumin .or. alp == rnumin .or. alp == rnumax) ) THEN


            IF ( rescale_high_alpha .and. alp >= rnumax - 0.01  ) THEN  ! reset c at high alpha to prevent growth in Z

              cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z*(1./(xdn(mgs,il)))**2

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


            ELSEIF ( rescale_low_alphar .and. alp <= rnumin ) THEN

             z  = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

             zx(mgs,il) = z

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

            ENDIF

           ENDIF


         ! set g1x to use as G factor later. If alpha is in the range ( rnumin < alpha < rnumax ), then

         ! this will be the same as computing G from alpha.  If alpha = rnumax, however, it probably means that

         ! the moments are not matched correctly, so we compute G from the moments instead so that the dZ/dt rates

         ! stay consistent with dN/dt and dq/dt.

           IF ( alp >= rnumax - 0.01 ) THEN

!             g1x(mgs,il) = 6**2*zx(mgs,il)/(cx(mgs,il)*(pi*xv(mgs,lr))**2)

!             g1x(mgs,il) = xdn(mgs,il)*zx(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il)/((rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr))**2)

             g1x(mgs,il) = (pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2*zx(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il)/((6.*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)

           ELSE

             g1x(mgs,il) = g1

           ENDIF


           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 4./3.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


           gf1palp(mgs) = y


!           ventrx(mgs) = Gamma_sp(alpha(mgs,lr) + 4./3.)/(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)**(1./3.)/Gamma_sp(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)

           ventrx(mgs) = x/(y*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)**(1./3.))


           IF ( imurain == 3 .and. izwisventr == 2 ) THEN


           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.5 + br/6.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


!           ventrx(mgs) = Gamma_sp(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.5 + br/6.)/Gamma_sp(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)

           ventrxn(mgs) = x/(y*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)**((1.+br)/6. + 1./3.))


! This whole section is imurain == 3, so this branch never runs

!           ELSEIF ( imurain == 1 .and.  iferwisventr == 2 ) THEN

!

!           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.5 + br/2.

!           i = Int(dgami*(tmp))

!           del = tmp - dgam*i

!           x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami

!

!!           ventrx(mgs) = Gamma_sp(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.5 + br/6.)/Gamma_sp(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)

!           ventrxn(mgs) = x/y


           ENDIF


           ENDIF

          ENDIF


          ENDIF


          ENDDO

!        CALL cld_cpu('Z-MOMENT-1r')

        ENDIF ! }


      ENDIF ! ipconc >= 6


!  Find shape parameters for graupel and hail

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 6 ) THEN


        DO il = lr,lhab


        ! set base values of g1x

          IF ( (.not. ( il == lr .and. imurain == 3 )) .and. ( il == lr .or. il == lh .or. il == lhl .or. il == lf ) ) THEN

          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

            g1x(mgs,il) = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

          ENDDO

          ENDIF


        IF ( lz(il) .gt. 1   .and. ( .not. ( il == lr .and. imurain == 3 )) ) THEN


        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


         IF ( iresetmoments == 1 .or. iresetmoments == il .or. iresetmoments == -1  ) THEN ! .or. qx(mgs,il) <= qxmin(il) ) THEN

         IF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3 ) THEN

!!            write(91,*) 'zx=0; qx,cx = ',1000.*qx(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il)

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

         ELSEIF ( iresetmoments == -1 .and. qx(mgs,il) < qxmin(il) ) THEN

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)


           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


         ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin .and. iresetmoments /= -1 ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3  ) THEN

           qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,il)

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

         ENDIF

         ENDIF


         IF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin ) THEN

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)


           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

         ENDIF


        IF ( qx(mgs,il) .gt. qxmin(il) ) THEN


        xv(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xdn(mgs,il)*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,il)))

        xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)


        IF ( xv(mgs,il) .lt. xvmn(il) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,il) = min( xvmx(il), max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

          xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

          cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

        ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and reflectivity but no concentration, so set concentration, using default alpha

            g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

            z   = zx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

!            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z

            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6.*qr)**2/(z*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) > cxmin ) THEN

!  have mass and concentration but no reflectivity, so set reflectivity, using default alpha

!            g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

!     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

!            zx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/chw

!            zx(mgs,il) = Min(zxmin*1.1, g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6.*qr)**2/(chw*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2) )

            g1 = (6.0 + alphamax)*(5.0 + alphamax)*(4.0 + alphamax)/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alphamax)*(2.0 + alphamax)*(1.0 + alphamax))

            zx(mgs,il) = max(zxmin*1.1, g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6*qr)**2/(chw*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2) )

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!   How did this happen?

         ! set values according to dBZ of -10, or Z = 0.1

!              0.1 = 1.e18*0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)*(hwdn/rwdn)**2

               zx(mgs,il) = 1.e-19/0.224*(xdn0(lr)/xdn0(il))**2

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


               g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

               z   = zx(mgs,il)

               qr  = qx(mgs,il)

!               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6.*qr)**2/(z*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2)

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           ELSE


          chw = cx(mgs,il)

          qr  = qx(mgs,il)

          z   = zx(mgs,il)


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) .gt. 0. ) THEN


!            rdi = z*(pi/6.*1000.)**2*chw/((rho0(mgs)*qr)**2)

            rdi = z*(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2*chw/((rho0(mgs)*qr)**2)


!           alp = 1.e18*(6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/

!     :            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

           alp = (6.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

!           print*,'kz, alp, alpha(mgs,il) = ',kz,alp,alpha(mgs,il),rdi,z,xv

           alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )


         IF ( newton ) THEN

           DO i = 1,10

             IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,il) = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

             alp = alp + ( galpha(alp) - rdi )/dgalpha(alp)

             alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


         ELSE

           DO i = 1,10

!            IF ( 100.*Abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il))/(Abs(alpha(mgs,il))+1.e-5) .lt. 1. ) EXIT

             IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,il) = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

!             alp = 1.e18*(6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/

!     :            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

             alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

!           print*,'i,alp = ',i,alp

             alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

           ENDDO

          ENDIF


! check for artificial breakup (graupel/hail larger than allowed max size)

        IF ( imaxdiaopt == 1 .or. il /= lr ) THEN

          xvbarmax = xvmx(il)

        ELSEIF ( imaxdiaopt == 2 ) THEN ! test against maximum mass diameter

          xvbarmax = xvmx(il) /((3. + alpha(mgs,il))**3/((3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + alpha(mgs,il))))

        ELSEIF ( imaxdiaopt == 3 ) THEN ! test against mass-weighted diameter

          xvbarmax = xvmx(il) /((4. + alpha(mgs,il))**3/((3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + alpha(mgs,il))))

        ELSE

          xvbarmax = xvmx(il)

        ENDIF


        IF (  xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvbarmax .or. (il == lr .and. ioldlimiter >= 2 .and. xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvmx(il)/8.)) THEN

          tmp = cx(mgs,il)

          IF( ioldlimiter >= 2 .and. il == lr) THEN ! MY-style drop limiter for rain

            x = (6.*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(pi*xdn(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il)))**(1./3.)

            x1 = max(0.0e-3, x - 3.0e-3)

            x2 = max(0.5, x/6.0e-3)

            x3 = x2**3

            cx(mgs,il) = cx(mgs,il)*max((1.+2.222e3*x1**2), x3)

            xv(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)/max((1.+2.222e3*x1**2), x3)

          ELSE

            xv(mgs,il) = min( xvbarmax, max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

            xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

            cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

          ENDIF

          IF ( tmp < cx(mgs,il) ) THEN ! artificial breakup has happened, so need to adjust reflectivity and find new shape parameter

            g1 = 36.*(6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*pi**2)

!             zx(mgs,il) = zx(mgs,il) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/xdn(mgs,il))**2*( (qx(mgs,il)/tmp)**2 * (tmp-cx(mgs,il)) )

            ! check if incoming zx is consistent

            ! Z from incoming cx, qx, and alpha

            tmpz = g1/(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2 * ((rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)/tmp

            IF ( tmpz > zx(mgs,il) ) THEN

              tmpc = g1/(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2 * ((rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)/zx(mgs,il)

              cx(mgs,il) = max(cx(mgs,il), tmpc)

              ! find cx that gives zx

            ENDIF

            zx(mgs,il) = g1/(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2 * ((rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)/cx(mgs,il)

             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            z   = zx(mgs,il)


            rdi = z*(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2*chw/((rho0(mgs)*qr)**2)

            alp = (6.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

           DO i = 1,10

             IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,il) = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

             alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

             alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


          ENDIF

        ENDIF


!

! Check whether the shape parameter is at or less than the minimum, and if it is, reset the

! concentration or reflectivity to match (prevents reflectivity from being out of balance with Q and N)

!

             g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))


           IF ( ( lrescalelow(il) .or. rescale_high_alpha ) .and.  &

     &          ( alpha(mgs,il) <= alphamin .or. alp == alphamin .or. alp == alphamax ) ) THEN


            IF ( rescale_high_alpha .and. alp >= alphamax - 0.01  ) THEN  ! reset c at high alpha to prevent growth in Z

              cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


            ELSEIF ( lrescalelow(il) .and. alp <= alphamin .and. .not. (il == lh .and. icvhl2h > 0 ) .and. &

                     .not. ( il == lr .and. .not. rescale_low_alphar ) ) THEN ! alpha = alphamin, so reset Z to prevent growth in C

             wtest = .false.

             IF ( irescalerainopt == 0 ) THEN

               wtest = .false.

             ELSEIF ( irescalerainopt == 1 ) THEN

               wtest = qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc)

             ELSEIF ( irescalerainopt == 2 ) THEN

               wtest = qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) .and. wvel(mgs) < rescale_wthresh

             ELSEIF ( irescalerainopt == 3 ) THEN

               wtest = temcg(mgs) > rescale_tempthresh .and. qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) .and. wvel(mgs) < rescale_wthresh

             ENDIF


             IF ( il == lr .and. ( wtest ) ) THEN

!             IF ( temcg(mgs) > 0.0 .and. il == lr .and. qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) ) THEN

             ! certain situations where rain number is adjusted instead of Z. Helps avoid rain being 'zapped' by autoconverted

             ! drops (i.e., favor preserving Z when alpha tries to go negative)

             chw = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2 ! g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z1

             cx(mgs,il) = chw

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = chw

             ELSE


             ! Usual resetting of reflectivity moment to force consisntency between Q, N, Z, and alpha when alpha = alphamin

             z1 = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/chw

             z  = z1*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

             zx(mgs,il) = z

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = z

             ENDIF

            ENDIF

           ENDIF


         ! set g1x to use as G factor later. If alpha is in the range ( rnumin < alpha < rnumax ), then

         ! this will be the same as computing G from alpha.  If alpha = rnumax, however, it probably means that

         ! the moments are not matched correctly, so we compute G from the moments instead so that the dZ/dt rates

         ! stay consistent with dN/dt and dq/dt.

!          g1x(mgs,il) = zx(mgs,il)*chw*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2/(6.*qr*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)))**2

!          g1x(mgs,il) = g1 ! zx(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il)/(qr)**2

           IF ( alp >= alphamax - 0.5 ) THEN

!             g1x(mgs,il) = 6**2*zx(mgs,il)/(cx(mgs,il)*(pi*xv(mgs,lr))**2)

!             g1x(mgs,il) = (xdn(mgs,il))**2*zx(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il)/((rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)

             g1x(mgs,il) = (pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2*zx(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il)/((6.*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il))**2)

           ELSE

             g1x(mgs,il) = g1

           ENDIF


           ENDIF


!          IF ( ny .eq. 2 ) THEN

!          IF ( qr .gt. 1.e-3 ) THEN

!           write(0,*) 'alphah at nstep,i,k = ',dtp*(nstep-1),igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),alpha(mgs,il),qr*1000.

!          ENDIF

!          ENDIF


           ENDIF ! .true.


          IF ( il == lr ) THEN


!           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 4./3.

!           i = Int(dgami*(tmp))

!           del = tmp - dgam*i

!           x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami

!

!           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.

!           i = Int(dgami*(tmp))

!           del = tmp - dgam*i

!           y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami

!

!!           ventrx(mgs) = Gamma_sp(alpha(mgs,lr) + 4./3.)/(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)**(1./3.)/Gamma_sp(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)

!           ventrx(mgs) = x/(y*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)**(1./3.))


           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


           gf1palp(mgs) = y


           IF (   iferwisventr == 2 ) THEN

!        ventrn =  Gamma(alphar + 2.5 + br/2.)/Gamma(alphar + 1.) ! adapted from Wisner et al. 1972

           tmp = alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.5 + br/2.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


           ventrxn(mgs) = x/y


           ENDIF


          ENDIF ! il==lr


          ELSE ! below mass threshold

!             g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/

!     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

!             z1 = g1*rho0(mgs)**2*(qr)*qr/chw

!             z  = 1.e18*z1*(6./(pi*1000.))**2

!             z  = z1*(6./(pi*1000.))**2

!             zx(mgs,il) = z

!             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = z

          ENDIF ! ( qx(mgs,il) .gt. qxmin(il) )


!        ENDIF

        ENDDO ! mgs


!         CALL cld_cpu('Z-DELABK')


!        IF ( il == lr ) THEN

!          xnutmp = (alpha(mgs,il) - 2.)/3.

!           da0lr(mgs) = delbk(bb(il), xnutmp, xmu(il), 0)

!        ENDIF


        IF ( .not. ( il == lr .and. imurain == 3 ) ) THEN

!          CALL cld_cpu('Z-DELABK')

        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          IF ( qx(mgs,il) > qxmin(il) ) THEN

          xnutmp = (alpha(mgs,il) - 2.)/3.


!          IF ( .true. ) THEN

          DO ic = lc,lh-1 ! lhab

           IF ( il .ne. ic .and.  qx(mgs,ic) .gt. qxmin(ic)) THEN

             xnuc = xnu(ic)

             IF ( ic == lc .and. idiagnosecnu > 0 ) xnuc = alpha(mgs,lc) ! alpha for droplets is actually nu

             IF ( il /= lr .and. ic == lr .and. lzr > 1 ) THEN

               IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

                 xnuc = alpha(mgs,lr) ! alpha is nu already

               ELSE

                 xnuc = ( alpha(mgs,lr) - 2. )/3. ! convert alpha to nu

               ENDIF

             ENDIF

                                 ! delabk(ba,bb,nua,nub,mua,mub,k), where a (il)  is collector and b (ic) is collected

             IF ( .false. ) THEN

             dab0lh(mgs,ic,il) =  delabk(bb(ic), bb(il), xnuc, xnutmp, xmu(ic), xmu(il), 0) !dab0(il,ic)

             dab1lh(mgs,ic,il) =  delabk(bb(ic), bb(il), xnuc, xnutmp, xmu(ic), xmu(il), 1) !dab1(il,ic)

             dab0lh(mgs,il,ic) =  delabk(bb(il), bb(ic), xnutmp, xnuc, xmu(il), xmu(ic), 0) !dab0(il,ic)

             dab1lh(mgs,il,ic) =  delabk(bb(il), bb(ic), xnutmp, xnuc, xmu(il), xmu(ic), 1) !dab1(il,ic)

             ELSE ! use lookup table -- not interpolating yet because table resolution of 0.05 is good enough

               i = nint( alpha(mgs,il)*dqiacralphainv )

               IF ( ic == lc .or. ic == li .or. ic == ls .or. (ic == lr .and. imurain == 3) ) THEN

                 alp = (3.*alpha(mgs,ic) + 2.)

                 j = nint( (3.*alpha(mgs,ic) + 2.)*dqiacralphainv )

               ELSE ! IF ( ic == lr .and. imurain == 1 ) ! rain

                 alp = alpha(mgs,ic)

                 j = nint( alpha(mgs,ic)*dqiacralphainv )

               ENDIF


               dab0lh(mgs,ic,il) = dab0lu(j,i,ic,il)

               dab1lh(mgs,ic,il) = dab1lu(j,i,ic,il)

               dab0lh(mgs,il,ic) = dab0lu(i,j,il,ic)

               dab1lh(mgs,il,ic) = dab1lu(i,j,il,ic)


!               tmp1 = dab0lu(j,i,ic,il)

!               tmp2 = dab1lu(j,i,ic,il)

!               tmp3 = dab0lu(i,j,il,ic)

!               tmp4 = dab1lu(i,j,il,ic)

!               tmp5 =  delabk(bb(il), bb(ic), xnutmp, xnuc, xmu(ic), xmu(il), 0) !dab0(il,ic)

!               tmp6 =  delabk(bb(il), bb(ic), xnutmp, xnuc, xmu(ic), xmu(il), 1) !dab1(il,ic)

!               tmp5 =  delabk(bb(il), bb(ic), xnutmp, xnuc, xmu(il), xmu(ic), 0) !dab0(il,ic)

!               tmp6 =  delabk(bb(il), bb(ic), xnutmp, xnuc, xmu(il), xmu(ic), 1) !dab1(il,ic)


               IF ( .false. .and. ny <= 2 ) THEN

                 write(0,*)

                 write(0,*) 'bb: ', bb(il), bb(ic), xnutmp, xnuc, xmu(il), xmu(ic)

                 write(0,*) 'il,ic = ',il,ic,alpha(mgs,il),i,xnuc,alp,j

                 write(0,*) 'dab0lh,tmp1 = ',dab0lh(mgs,ic,il),tmp1

                 write(0,*) 'dab1lh,tmp2 = ',dab1lh(mgs,ic,il),tmp2

                 write(0,*) 'dab0lh,tmp3 = ',dab0lh(mgs,il,ic),tmp3,tmp5

                 write(0,*) 'dab1lh,tmp4 = ',dab1lh(mgs,il,ic),tmp4,tmp6


               ENDIF


             ENDIF


           ENDIF

          ENDDO


!          ENDIF


             da0lx(mgs,il) = delbk(bb(il), xnutmp, xmu(il), 0)

           IF ( il .eq. lh ) THEN

             da0lh(mgs) = delbk(bb(il), xnutmp, xmu(il), 0)

            IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN

             rzxh(mgs) = 1.

            ELSE

             rzxh(mgs) = ((4. + alpha(mgs,il))*(5. + alpha(mgs,il))*(6. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + xnu(lr)))/   &

     &  ((1. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + xnu(lr)))

            ENDIF


            IF ( lzhl < 1 ) THEN

              rzxhlh(mgs) = rzxhl(mgs)/(((4. + alpha(mgs,il))*(5. + alpha(mgs,il))*(6. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + xnu(lr)))/   &

     &  ((1. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + xnu(lr))))

            ENDIF

           ELSEIF ( il .eq. lhl ) THEN

             da0lhl(mgs) = delbk(bb(il), xnutmp, xmu(il), 0)

            IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN

             rzxhl(mgs) = 1.

            ELSE

             rzxhl(mgs) = ((4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5. + alpha(mgs,il))*(6. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + xnu(lr)))/   &

     &  ((1. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + xnu(lr)))

            ENDIF

           ELSEIF ( il == lr ) THEN

             xnutmp = (alpha(mgs,il) - 2.)/3.

             da0lr(mgs) = delbk(bb(il), xnutmp, xmu(il), 0)

             da1lr(mgs) = delbk(bb(il), xnutmp, xmu(il), 1)

           ENDIF


          ENDIF ! ( qx(mgs,il) > qxmin(il) )

        ENDDO ! mgs

!          CALL cld_cpu('Z-DELABK')

        ENDIF ! il /= lr


!         CALL cld_cpu('Z-DELABK')


        ENDIF ! lz(il) .gt. 1


        ENDDO ! il


      ENDIF ! ipconc .ge. 6


!      CALL cld_cpu('Z-MOMENT-1')


!

!  set some values for ice nucleation

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      kp1 = min(nz, kgs(mgs)+1 )

!      wvel(mgs) = (0.5)*(w(igs(mgs),jgs,kp1)   &

!     &                  +w(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)))


        wvelkm1(mgs) = (0.5)*(w(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))   &

     &                    +w(igs(mgs),jgs,kgsm(mgs)))

      cninm(mgs) = t7(igs(mgs),jgs,kgsm(mgs))

      cnina(mgs) = t7(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))

      cninp(mgs) = t7(igs(mgs),jgs,kgsp(mgs))

      end do


!

!  Set a couple of cloud variables...

!


!      SUBROUTINE setvt(ngscnt,qx,qxmin,cx,rho0,rhovt,xdia,cno,

!     :                 xmas,xdn,xvmn,xvmx,xv,cdx,

!     :                 ipconc,ndebug)

!      SUBROUTINE setvtz(ngscnt,qx,qxmin,qxw,cx,rho0,rhovt,xdia,cno, &

!     &                 xmas,vtxbar,xdn,xvmn,xvmx,xv,cdx,            &

!     &                 ipconc1,ndebug1,ngs,nz,kgs,cwnccn,fadvisc,   &

!     &                 cwmasn,cwmasx,cwradn,cnina,cimna,cimxa,      &

!     &                 itype1a,itype2a,temcg,infdo,alpha)


      infdo = 1

      IF ( rimdenvwgt > 0 ) infdo = 1


      call setvtz(ngscnt,qx,qxmin,qxw,cx,rho0,rhovt,xdia,cno,cnostmp,   &

     &                 xmas,vtxbar,xdn,xvmn,xvmx,xv,cdx,cdxgs,   &

     &                 ipconc,ndebug,ngs,nz,igs,kgs,fadvisc,   &

     &                 cwmasn,cwmasx,cwradn,cnina,cimn,cimx,   &

     &                 itype1,itype2,temcg,infdo,alpha,axx,bxx,0) ! ,cdh,cdhl)

!     &                 itype1,itype2,temcg,infdo,alpha,0,axh,bxh,axhl,bxhl) ! ,cdh,cdhl)


       IF ( lwsm6 .and. ipconc == 0 ) THEN

         tmp = max(qxmin(lh), qxmin(ls))

         DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

           total = qx(mgs,lh) + qx(mgs,ls)

           IF ( total > tmp ) THEN

             vt2ave(mgs) = (qx(mgs,lh)*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) + qx(mgs,ls)*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))/total

           ELSE

             vt2ave(mgs) = 0.0

           ENDIF

         ENDDO

       ENDIF


!

!  Set number concentrations (need xdia from setvt)

!

      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: Set concentration'

      IF ( ipconc .lt. 1 ) THEN

         cina(1:ngscnt) = cx(1:ngscnt,li)

      ENDIF

      if ( ipconc .lt. 5 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      IF ( ipconc .lt. 3 ) THEN

!      cx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

      if ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lh) )  then

!      cx(mgs,lr) = cno(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,1)

!      xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr))

      end if

      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc .lt. 4 ) THEN

!      tmp = cx(mgs,ls)

!      cx(mgs,ls) = 0.0

      if ( qx(mgs,ls) .gt. qxmin(ls) )  then

!      cx(mgs,ls) = cno(ls)*xdia(mgs,ls,1)

!      xv(mgs,ls) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)/(xdn(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,ls))

      end if

      ENDIF ! ( ipconc .lt. 4 )


      IF ( ipconc .lt. 5 ) THEN


!      cx(mgs,lh) = 0.0

      if ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) )  then

!      cx(mgs,lh) = cno(lh)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

!      xv(mgs,lh) = Max(xvmn(lh), rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*cx(mgs,lh)) )

!      xdia(mgs,lh,3) = (xv(mgs,lh)*6./pi)**(1./3.)

      end if


      ENDIF ! ( ipconc .lt. 5 )


      end do

      end if


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


        rb(mgs) = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)*(1./(1.+alpha(mgs,lc)))**(1./6.)

        xl2p(mgs) = max(0.0d0, 2.7e-2*xdn(mgs,lc)*cx(mgs,lc)*xv(mgs,lc)*   &

     &           ((0.5e20*rb(mgs)**3*xdia(mgs,lc,1))-0.4) )

        IF ( rb(mgs) .gt. 3.51e-6 ) THEN

!          rh(mgs) = Max( 0.5d0*xdia(mgs,lc,1), 6.3d-4/(1.d6*(rb(mgs) - 3.5d-6)) )

          rh(mgs) = max( 41.d-6, 6.3d-4/(1.d6*(rb(mgs) - 3.5d-6)) )

        ELSE

          rh(mgs) = 41.d-6

        ENDIF

        IF ( xl2p(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          nh(mgs) = 4.2d9*xl2p(mgs)

        ELSE

          nh(mgs) = 1.e30

        ENDIF

      ENDDO

      ENDIF


!

!

!

!

!  maximum depletion tendency by any one source

!

!

      if( ndebug .ge. 0 ) THEN

!mpi!        write(0,*) 'Set depletion max/min1'

      endif

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qvimxd(mgs) = 0.70*(qx(mgs,lv)-qis(mgs))*dtpinv ! depletion by all vap. dep to ice.


      IF ( qx(mgs,lc) < qxmin(lc) ) qvimxd(mgs) = 0.99*(qx(mgs,lv)-qis(mgs))*dtpinv ! this makes virtually no difference whatsoever, but what the heck


      qvimxd(mgs) = max(qvimxd(mgs), 0.0)


      frac = 0.1d0

      qimxd(mgs)  = frac*qx(mgs,li)*dtpinv

      qcmxd(mgs)  = frac*qx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv

      qrmxd(mgs)  = frac*qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

      qsmxd(mgs)  = frac*qx(mgs,ls)*dtpinv

      qhmxd(mgs)  = frac*qx(mgs,lh)*dtpinv

      IF ( lhl > 1 ) qhlmxd(mgs)  = frac*qx(mgs,lhl)*dtpinv

      end do

!

      if( ndebug .ge. 0 ) THEN

!mpi!        write(0,*) 'Set depletion max/min2'

      endif


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc) ) then

      ccmxd(mgs)  = 0.20*cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv

      else

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

        ccmxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv

      ELSE

        ccmxd(mgs)  = frac*qx(mgs,lc)/(xmas(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)*dtp)

      ENDIF

      end if

!

      if ( qx(mgs,li) .le. qxmin(li) ) then

      cimxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,li)*dtpinv

      else

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) THEN

        cimxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,li)*dtpinv

      ELSE

        cimxd(mgs)  = frac*qx(mgs,li)/(xmas(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)*dtp)

      ENDIF

      end if

!

!

      crmxd(mgs)  = 0.10*cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

      csmxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,ls)*dtpinv

      chmxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,lh)*dtpinv


      ccmxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv

      cimxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,li)*dtpinv

      crmxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

      csmxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,ls)*dtpinv

      chmxd(mgs)  = frac*cx(mgs,lh)*dtpinv


      qxmxd(mgs,lv) = max(0.0, 0.1*(qx(mgs,lv) - qvs(mgs))*dtpinv)


      DO il = lc,lhab

       qxmxd(mgs,il) = frac*qx(mgs,il)*dtpinv

       cxmxd(mgs,il) = frac*cx(mgs,il)*dtpinv

      ENDDO


      end do


      IF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN

      frac = 0.4d0

      zxmxd(:,:) = 0.0

      DO il = lr,lhab

       IF ( lz(il) > 0 .or. ( il == lr ) ) THEN

         DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

           zxmxd(mgs,il) = frac*zx(mgs,il)*dtpinv

         ENDDO

       ENDIF

      ENDDO

      ENDIF


    ! default factors between mean volume and maximum mass volume

      maxmassfac(lc) = ( (2. + 3.*(1. + xnu(lc)) )**3/( 3.*(1. + xnu(lc)) ) )

      maxmassfac(li) = ( (2. + 3.*(1. + xnu(li)) )**3/( 3.*(1. + xnu(li)) ) )


      IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

        maxmassfac(lr) = ( (2. + 3.*(1. + xnu(lr)) )**3/( 3.*(1. + xnu(lr)) ) )

      ELSE

        maxmassfac(lr) =  (3.0 + alphar)**3/    &

     &                  ((3.+alphar)*(2.+alphar)*(1. + alphar) )

      ENDIF


      IF ( imusnow == 3 ) THEN

        maxmassfac(ls) = ( (2. + 3.*(1. + alphas) )**3/( 3.*(1. + alphas) ) )

      ELSE

        maxmassfac(ls) =  (3.0 + alphas)**3/    &

     &                  ((3.+alphas)*(2.+alphas)*(1. + alphas) )

      ENDIF


        maxmassfac(lh) =  (3.0 + alphah)**3/    &

     &                  ((3.+alphah)*(2.+alphah)*(1. + alphah) )


       IF ( lhl > 1 ) THEN

        maxmassfac(lhl) =  (3.0 + alphahl)**3/    &

     &                  ((3.+alphahl)*(2.+alphahl)*(1. + alphahl) )

       ENDIF


       DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

          DO il = lh,lhab ! graupel and hail only (and frozen drops)


            vshdgs(mgs,il) = vshd ! base value


            IF ( qx(mgs,il) > qxmin(il) .and. ivshdgs > 0 ) THEN


              ! tmpdiam is weighted diameter of d^(shedalp-1), so for shedalp=3, this is the area-weighted diameter or maximum mass diameter.

             ! tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,il))*xdia(mgs,il,1) ! *( xdn(mgs,il)/917. )**(1./3.) ! erm added density factor for equiv. solid ice sphere 10.12.2015

              tmpdiam = (shedalp+0.0)*xdia(mgs,il,1) ! *( xdn(mgs,il)/917. )**(1./3.) ! erm added density factor for equiv. solid ice sphere 10.12.2015

              ! imltshddmr

              IF ( tmpdiam > sheddiam0 ) THEN

                vshdgs(mgs,il) = 0.523599*(1.5e-3)**3/massfacshr ! 1.5mm drops from very large ice

              ELSEIF ( tmpdiam > sheddiam ) THEN ! intermediate size

                vshdgs(mgs,il) = 0.523599*(3.0e-3)**3/massfacshr ! 3.0mm drops from medium-large ice

              ELSE

!                vshdgs(mgs,il) = Min( xvmx(lr), xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)*0.001 ) ! size of drop from melted mean ice particle

                vshdgs(mgs,il) = min( xvmx(lr), 6./pi*xdn(mgs,il)*0.001*tmpdiam**3 )/massfacshr ! size of drop from melted mean ice particle; 0.001 is 1/rhow

              ENDIF

            ENDIF

          ENDDO

       ENDDO


!

!

!  microphysics source terms (1/s) for mixing ratios

!

!

!

!  Collection efficiencies:

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: Set collection efficiencies'

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

!

!

      qcwresv(mgs) = 0.0

      ccwresv(mgs) = 0.0


      erw(mgs) = 0.0

      esw(mgs) = 0.0

      ehw(mgs) = 0.0

      efw(mgs) = 0.0

      ehlw(mgs) = 0.0

!      ehxw(mgs) = 0.0

!

      err(mgs) = 0.0

      esr(mgs) = 0.0

      il2(mgs) = 0

      il3(mgs) = 0

      ehr(mgs) = 0.0

      ehlr(mgs) = 0.0

!      ehxr(mgs) = 0.0

!

      eri(mgs) = 0.0

      esi(mgs) = 0.0

      ehi(mgs) = 0.0 ! used as sticking efficiency, so collection efficiency is ehi*ehiclsn

      ehis(mgs) = 0.0 ! used as sticking efficiency, so collection efficiency is ehi*ehiclsn

      ehli(mgs) = 0.0 ! used as sticking efficiency, so collection efficiency is ehli*ehliclsn

      ehlis(mgs) = 0.0 ! used as sticking efficiency, so collection efficiency is ehli*ehliclsn

!      ehxi(mgs) = 0.0

!

      ers(mgs) = 0.0

      ess(mgs) = 0.0

      ehs(mgs) = 0.0 ! used as sticking efficiency, so collection efficiency is ehs*ehsclsn

      ehsfac(mgs) = 1.0 ! factor based on ice saturation

      ehls(mgs) = 0.0 ! used as sticking efficiency, so collection efficiency is ehls*ehlsclsn

      ehscnv(mgs) = 0.0

!      ehxs(mgs) = 0.0

!

      eiw(mgs) = 0.0

      eii(mgs) = 0.0

      ehsclsn(mgs) = 0.0

      ehiclsn(mgs) = 0.0

      ehlsclsn(mgs) = 0.0

      ehliclsn(mgs) = 0.0

      esiclsn(mgs) = 0.0


! reserve droplets

         IF ( exwmindiam > 0 .and. qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) ) THEN

           tmp = cx(mgs,lc)*exp(- (exwmindiam/xdia(mgs,lc,1))**3 )

           ccwresv(mgs) =  min( cx(mgs,lc), max( 2.e6,  cx(mgs,lc) -  tmp ) )


           tmp = cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs)


           volt = pi/6.*(exwmindiam)**3

           qcwresv(mgs) = qx(mgs,lc) - tmp*xdn0(lc)*rhoinv(mgs)*(volt + xv(mgs,lc))


           IF ( .false. .and. qx(mgs,lc) > 0.1e-3 ) THEN


             write(0,*) 'cx,qx,crsv,qrsv = ',cx(mgs,lc),qx(mgs,lc),ccwresv(mgs),qcwresv(mgs)


           ENDIF


         ENDIF


      icwr(mgs) = 1

      IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) ) THEN

       cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

      DO il = 1,8

         IF ( cwrad .ge. 1.e-6*cwr(il,1) ) icwr(mgs) = il

      ENDDO

      ENDIF


      irwr(mgs) = 1

      IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

         rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,3)  ! changed to mean volume diameter (10/6/06)

      DO il = 1,6

         IF ( rwrad .ge. 1.e-6*grad(il,1) ) irwr(mgs) = il

      ENDDO

      ENDIF


      igwr(mgs) = 1

!      IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

!         rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,1)

! setting erw = 1 always, so now use igwr for graupel

      IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN

         rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lh,3)  ! changed to mean volume diameter (10/6/06)

      DO il = 1,6

         IF ( rwrad .ge. 1.e-6*grad(il,1) ) igwr(mgs) = il

      ENDDO

      ENDIF


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN ! hail is turned on

      ihlr(mgs) = 1

      IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

         rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)  ! changed to mean volume diameter (10/6/06)

      DO il = 1,6

         IF ( rwrad .ge. 1.e-6*grad(il,1) ) ihlr(mgs) = il

      ENDDO

      ENDIF

      ENDIF


!

!

!  Ice-Ice: Collection (cxc) efficiencies

!

!

      if ( qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) then

!      IF ( ipconc .ge. 14 ) THEN

!       eii(mgs)=0.1*exp(0.1*temcg(mgs))

!       if ( temg(mgs) .lt. 243.15 .and. qx(mgs,lc) .gt. 1.e-6 ) then

!        eii(mgs)=0.1

!       end if

!

!      ELSE

        eii(mgs) = exp(0.025*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))  ! alpha1 from LFO83 (21)

!      ENDIF

      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 273.15 ) eii(mgs) = 1.0

      end if

!

!

!

!  Ice-cloud water: Collection (cxc) efficiencies

!

!

      eiw(mgs) = 0.0

      if ( qx(mgs,li).gt.qxmin(li) .and. qx(mgs,lc).gt.qxmin(lc) ) then


      if (xdia(mgs,lc,1).gt.ewi_dcmin .and. xdia(mgs,li,1).gt.ewi_dimin) then

! erm 5/10/2007 test following change:

!      if (xdia(mgs,lc,1).gt.12.0e-06 .and. xdia(mgs,li,1).gt.50.0e-06) then

      eiw(mgs) = eiw0

      end if

      if ( temg(mgs) .ge. 273.15 ) eiw(mgs) = 0.0

      end if


!

!

!

!  Rain: Collection (cxc) efficiencies

!

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr) .and. qx(mgs,lc).gt.qxmin(lc) ) then


       IF ( lnr .gt. 1 ) THEN

       erw(mgs) = 1.0


       ELSE


!      cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

!      erw(mgs) =

!     >  min((aradcw + cwrad*(bradcw + cwrad*

!     <  (cradcw + cwrad*(dradcw)))), 1.0)

!       IF ( xdia(mgs,lc,1) .lt. 2.4e-06 .or. xdia(mgs,lr,1) .le. 50.0e-6 ) THEN

!          erw(mgs)=0.0

!       ENDIF

!       erw(mgs) = ew(icwr(mgs),igwr(mgs))

! interpolate along droplet radius

       ic = icwr(mgs)

       icp1 = min( 8, ic+1 )

       ir = irwr(mgs)

       irp1 = min( 6, ir+1 )

       cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,3)

       rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,3)


       slope1 = (ew(icp1, ir  ) - ew(ic,ir  ))*cwr(ic,2)

       slope2 = (ew(icp1, irp1) - ew(ic,irp1))*cwr(ic,2)


!       write(iunit,*) 'slop1: ',slope1,slope2,ew(ic,ir),cwr(ic,2)


       x1 = ew(ic,  ir) + slope1*max(0.0, (cwrad - cwr(ic,1)) )

       x2 = ew(icp1,ir) + slope2*max(0.0, (cwrad - cwr(ic,1)) )


       slope1 = (x2 - x1)*grad(ir,2)


       erw(mgs) = max(0.0, x1 + slope1*max(0.0, (rwrad - grad(ir,1)) ))


!       write(iunit,*) 'erw: ',erw(mgs),1.e6*cwrad,1.e6*rwrad,ic,ir,x1,x2

!       write(iunit,*)


       erw(mgs) = max(0.0, erw(mgs) )

       IF ( rwrad .lt. 50.e-6 ) THEN

         erw(mgs) = 0.0

       ELSEIF (  rwrad .lt. 100.e-6 ) THEN  ! linear change from zero at 50 to erw at 100 microns

         erw(mgs) = erw(mgs)*(rwrad - 50.e-6)/50.e-6

       ENDIF


       ENDIF

      end if

      IF ( cx(mgs,lc) .le. 0.0 ) erw(mgs) = 0.0

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr) .and. qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr) ) then

      err(mgs)=1.0

      end if

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr) .and. qx(mgs,ls).gt.qxmin(ls) ) then

      ers(mgs)=1.0

      end if

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr) .and. qx(mgs,li).gt.qxmin(li) ) then

!        IF ( vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) .gt. vtxbar(mgs,li,1) .and.

!     :       xdia(mgs,lr,3) .gt. 200.e-6 .and. xdia(mgs,li,3) .gt. 100.e-6 ) THEN

         eri(mgs) = eri0

!      cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,li,3)

!      eri(mgs) =

!     >  1.0*min((aradcw + cwrad*(bradcw + cwrad*

!     <  (cradcw + cwrad*(dradcw)))), 1.0)

!         ENDIF

!       if ( xdia(mgs,li,1) .lt. 10.e-6 ) eri(mgs)=0.0

       if ( xdia(mgs,li,3) .lt. eri_cimin ) eri(mgs)=0.0

      end if

!

!

!  Snow aggregates: Collection (cxc) efficiencies

!

! Modified by ERM with a linear function for small droplets and large

! snow agg. based numerical data from Wang and Ji (1992) in P&K 1997 (Fig. 14-13), which

! allows collection of very small droplets, albeit at low efficiency.  But slow

! fall speeds of snow make up for the efficiency.

!

      esw(mgs) = 0.0

      if ( qx(mgs,ls).gt.qxmin(ls) .and. qx(mgs,lc).gt.qxmin(lc) ) then

        esw(mgs) = 0.5

        if ( xdia(mgs,lc,1) .gt. 15.e-6 .and. xdia(mgs,ls,1) .gt. 100.e-6) then

          esw(mgs) = 0.5

        ELSEIF ( xdia(mgs,ls,1) .ge. 500.e-6 ) THEN

          esw(mgs) = min(0.5, 0.05 + (0.8-0.05)/(40.e-6)*xdia(mgs,lc,1) )

        ENDIF

      end if

!

      if ( qx(mgs,ls).gt.qxmin(ls) .and. qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr)  &

     &     .and. temg(mgs) .lt. tfr - 1.   &

     &                               ) then

      esr(mgs)=exp(-(40.e-6)**3/xv(mgs,lr))*exp(-40.e-6/xdia(mgs,ls,1))

      IF ( qx(mgs,ls) < 1.e-4 .and. qx(mgs,lr) < 1.e-4 ) il2(mgs) = 1

      end if


      IF ( ipconc < 3 .and. temg(mgs) < tfr .and. qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr) .and. qx(mgs,lr) < 1.e-4 ) THEN

        il3(mgs) = 1

      ENDIF

!

!      if ( qx(mgs,ls).gt.qxmin(ls) ) then

      if ( temcg(mgs) < 0.0 ) then


      IF ( ipconc .lt. 4 .or. temcg(mgs) < esstem1 ) THEN

        ess(mgs) = 0.0

!        ess(mgs)=0.1*exp(0.1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

!        ess(mgs)=min(0.1,ess(mgs))


      ELSE


        fac = abs(ess0)

        IF ( iessopt == 2 ) THEN ! experimental code

!         IF ( wvel(mgs) > 2.0 .or. wvel(mgs) < -0.5 .or. ssi(mgs) < 1.0 ) THEN

         IF ( wvel(mgs) > 2.0 ) THEN

          ! assume convective cell or downdraft

           fac = 0.0

         ELSEIF ( wvel(mgs) > 1.0 ) THEN ! transition to stratiform range of values

           fac = max(0.0, 2.0 - wvel(mgs))*fac

         ENDIF

        ELSEIF ( iessopt == 3 ) THEN ! factor based on ice supersat

           IF ( ssi(mgs) <= 1.0 ) THEN

             fac = 0.0

             ehsfac(mgs) = 0.0

           ELSEIF ( ssi(mgs) <= 1.02 ) THEN

             fac = fac*(ssi(mgs) - 1.0)/0.02

             ehsfac(mgs) = (ssi(mgs) - 1.0)/0.02

           ENDIF

        ELSEIF ( iessopt == 4 ) THEN ! factor based on ice supersat; very roughly based on Hosler et al. 1957 (J. Met.)

           IF ( ssi(mgs) <= 1.0 ) THEN

             fac = 0.1

             ehsfac(mgs) = 0.1

           ELSEIF ( ssi(mgs) <= 1.005 ) THEN

             fac = max(0.1, fac*(ssi(mgs) - 1.0)/0.005)

             ehsfac(mgs) = max(0.1, (ssi(mgs) - 1.0)/0.005)

           ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( temcg(mgs) > esstem1 .and. temcg(mgs) < esstem2 ) THEN  ! only nonzero for T > esstem1

          ess(mgs) = fac*exp(ess1*(esstem2) )*(temcg(mgs) - esstem1)/(esstem2 - esstem1) ! linear ramp up from zero at esstem1 to value at esstem2

        ELSEIF ( temcg(mgs) >= esstem2 ) THEN

          ess(mgs) = fac*exp(ess1*min( temcg(mgs), 0.0 ) )

        ENDIF


      ENDIF

      end if

!

      if ( qx(mgs,ls).gt.qxmin(ls) .and. qx(mgs,li).gt.qxmin(li) ) then

       esiclsn(mgs) = esi_collsn

!      IF ( ipconc .lt. 4 ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc < 1 .and. lwsm6 ) THEN

        esi(mgs) = exp(0.7*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

      ELSE

        esi(mgs) = esi0*exp(0.1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

        esi(mgs) = min(0.1,esi(mgs))

      ENDIF

      IF ( ipconc .le. 3 ) THEN

       esi(mgs) =  exp(0.025*min(temcg(mgs),0.0)) ! LFO

!       esi(mgs) =  Min(0.5, exp(0.025*min(temcg(mgs),0.0)) ) ! LFO

!       esi(mgs)=0.5*exp(0.1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))  ! 10ice

      ENDIF

!      ELSE ! zrnic/ziegler 1993

!      esi(mgs)= 0.1 ! 0.5*exp(0.1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

!      ENDIF

      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 273.15 ) esi(mgs) = 0.0

      end if


!

!

!

!

!  Graupel: Collection (cxc) efficiencies

!

!

       xmascw(mgs) = xmas(mgs,lc)

      if ( qx(mgs,lh).gt.qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lc).gt.qxmin(lc) ) then !{

       ehw(mgs) = 1.0

       IF ( iehw .eq. 0 ) THEN

       ehw(mgs) = ehw0  ! default value is 1.0

       ELSEIF ( iehw .eq. 1 .or. iehw .eq. 10 ) THEN

      cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

      ehw(mgs) = min( ehw0,    &

     &  ewfac*min((aradcw + cwrad*(bradcw + cwrad*   &

     &  (cradcw + cwrad*(dradcw)))), 1.0) )


       ELSEIF ( iehw .eq. 2 .or. iehw .eq. 10 ) THEN

       ic = icwr(mgs)

       icp1 = min( 8, ic+1 )

       ir = igwr(mgs)

       irp1 = min( 6, ir+1 )

       cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

       rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lh,3)  ! changed to mean volume diameter


       slope1 = (ew(icp1, ir  ) - ew(ic,ir  ))*cwr(ic,2)

       slope2 = (ew(icp1, irp1) - ew(ic,irp1))*cwr(ic,2)


!        write(iunit,*) 'slop1: ',slope1,slope2,ew(ic,ir),cwr(ic,2)


       x1 = ew(ic,  ir) + slope1*max(0.0, (cwrad - cwr(ic,1)) )

       x2 = ew(icp1,ir) + slope2*max(0.0, (cwrad - cwr(ic,1)) )


       slope1 = (x2 - x1)*grad(ir,2)


       tmp = max( 0.0, min( 1.0, x1 + slope1*max(0.0, (rwrad - grad(ir,1)) ) ) )

       ehw(mgs) = min( ehw(mgs), tmp )


!       write(iunit,*) 'ehw: ',ehw(mgs),1.e6*cwrad,1.e6*rwrad,ic,ir,x1,x2

!       write(iunit,*)


!       ehw(mgs) = Max( 0.2, ehw(mgs) )

!  assume that ehw = 1 for zero air resistance (rho0 = 0.0) and extrapolate toward that

!      ehw(mgs) = ehw(mgs) + (ehw(mgs) - 1.0)*(rho0(mgs) - rho00)/rho00

!      ehw(mgs) = ehw(mgs) + (1.0 - ehw(mgs))*((Max(0.0,rho00 - rho0(mgs)))/rho00)**2


       ELSEIF ( iehw .eq. 3 .or. iehw .eq. 10 ) THEN ! use fraction of droplets greater than dmincw diameter

         tmp = exp(- (dmincw/xdia(mgs,lc,1))**3)

         xmascw(mgs) = xmas(mgs,lc) + xdn0(lc)*(pi*dmincw**3/6.0) ! this is the average mass of the droplets with d > dmincw

         ehw(mgs) = min( ehw(mgs), tmp )

       ELSEIF ( iehw .eq. 4 .or. iehw .eq. 10 ) THEN ! Cober and List 1993, eq. 19-20

         tmp =  &

     &   2.0*xdn(mgs,lc)*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)*(0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1))**2 &

     &  /(9.0*fadvisc(mgs)*0.5*xdia(mgs,lh,3))

         tmp = max( 1.5, min(10.0, tmp) )

         ehw(mgs) = min( ehw(mgs), 0.55*log10(2.51*tmp) )

       ENDIF

      if ( xdia(mgs,lc,1) .lt. 2.4e-06 ) ehw(mgs)=0.0


       ehw(mgs) = min( ehw0, ehw(mgs) )


       IF ( ibfc == -1 .and. temcg(mgs) < -41.0 ) THEN

        ehw(mgs) = 0.0

       ENDIF


      end if !}

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lh).gt.qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr)    &

!     &     .and. temg(mgs) .lt. tfr    &

     &                               ) then

!      ehr(mgs) = Exp(-(40.e-6)**3/xv(mgs,lr))*Exp(-40.e-6/xdia(mgs,lh,1))

!      ehr(mgs) = 1.0

       ehr(mgs) = exp(-(40.e-6)/xdia(mgs,lr,3))*exp(-40.e-6/xdia(mgs,lh,3))

       ehr(mgs) = min( ehr0, ehr(mgs) )

      end if

!

      IF ( qx(mgs,ls).gt.qxmin(ls) ) THEN

        IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN

        ehscnv(mgs) = ehs0*exp(ehs1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0)) ! for 2-moment, used as default for ehs and ehls. Otherwise not used for snow->graupel conversion

        ELSE

        ehscnv(mgs) = exp(0.09*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

        ENDIF


        IF ( qx(mgs,lh).gt.qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lc) >= qxmin(lc)  ) THEN

!          ehsclsn(mgs) = ehs_collsn

!          ehs(mgs) = ehscnv(mgs)*ehsfac(mgs)*Min(1.0, Max(0.0,xdn(mgs,lh) - 300.)/300.  )

!        ELSEIF ( qx(mgs,lh).gt.qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lc) >= qxmin(lc)  ) then

          ehsclsn(mgs) = ehs_collsn

          IF ( xdia(mgs,ls,3) < 40.e-6 ) THEN

            ehsclsn(mgs) = 0.0

          ELSEIF ( xdia(mgs,ls,3) < 150.e-6 ) THEN

            ehsclsn(mgs) =  ehs_collsn*(xdia(mgs,ls,3) - 40.e-6)/(150.e-6 - 40.e-6)

          ELSE

            ehsclsn(mgs) = ehs_collsn

          ENDIF

!          ehs(mgs) = ehscnv(mgs)*Min(1.0, Max(0., xdn(mgs,lh) - xdnmn(lh)*1.2)/xdnmn(lh)  ) ! shut off qhacs as graupel goes to lowest density

          ehs(mgs) = ehscnv(mgs)*min(1.0, max(0.0,xdn(mgs,lh) - 300.)/300.  ) ! shut off qhacs as graupel goes to low density; limits scavenging of snow in bright band

!          ehs(mgs) = ehscnv(mgs) ! *Min(1.0, Max(0.0,xdn(mgs,lh) - 300.)/300.  ) ! shut off qhacs as graupel goes to low density

          ehs(mgs) = min(ehs(mgs),ehsmax)

        end if

      ENDIF

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lh).gt.qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,li).gt.qxmin(li) ) then

      ehiclsn(mgs) = ehi_collsn

      ehi(mgs)=eii0*exp(eii1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

      ehi(mgs) = min( ehimax, max( ehi(mgs), ehimin ) )

!      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 273.15 .or. ( qx(mgs,lc) < qxmin(lc)) ) ehi(mgs) = 0.0

      end if


      IF ( lis > 1 ) THEN

      if ( qx(mgs,lh).gt.qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lis).gt.qxmin(lis) ) then

      ehisclsn(mgs) = ehi_collsn

      ehis(mgs)=eii0*exp(eii1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

      ehis(mgs) = min( ehimax, max( ehis(mgs), ehimin ) )

!      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 273.15 .or. ( qx(mgs,lc) < qxmin(lc)) ) ehis(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

      ENDIF


!

!

!  Hail: Collection (cxc) efficiencies

!

!

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


      if ( qx(mgs,lhl).gt.qxmin(lhl) .and. qx(mgs,lc).gt.qxmin(lc) ) then

       IF ( iehw == 3 ) iehlw = 3

       IF ( iehw == 4 ) iehlw = 4

       ehlw(mgs) = ehlw0

       IF ( iehlw .eq. 0 ) THEN

       ehlw(mgs) = ehlw0  ! default value is 1.0

       ELSEIF ( iehlw .eq. 1 .or. iehlw .eq. 10 ) THEN

      cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

      ehlw(mgs) = min( ehlw0,    &

     &  ewfac*min((aradcw + cwrad*(bradcw + cwrad*   &

     &  (cradcw + cwrad*(dradcw)))), 1.0) )


       ELSEIF ( iehlw .eq. 2 .or. iehlw .eq. 10 ) THEN

       ic = icwr(mgs)

       icp1 = min( 8, ic+1 )

       ir = ihlr(mgs)

       irp1 = min( 6, ir+1 )

       cwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

       rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)  ! changed to mean volume diameter


       slope1 = (ew(icp1, ir  ) - ew(ic,ir  ))*cwr(ic,2)

       slope2 = (ew(icp1, irp1) - ew(ic,irp1))*cwr(ic,2)


       x1 = ew(ic,  ir) + slope1*(cwrad - cwr(ic,1))

       x2 = ew(icp1,ir) + slope2*(cwrad - cwr(ic,1))


       slope1 = (x2 - x1)*grad(ir,2)


       tmp = max( 0.0, min( 1.0, x1 + slope1*(rwrad - grad(ir,1)) ) )

         ehlw(mgs) = min( ehlw(mgs), tmp )

       ehlw(mgs) = min( ehlw0, ehlw(mgs) )

!       ehw(mgs) = Max( 0.2, ehw(mgs) )

!  assume that ehw = 1 for zero air resistance (rho0 = 0.0) and extrapolate toward that

!      ehw(mgs) = ehw(mgs) + (ehw(mgs) - 1.0)*(rho0(mgs) - rho00)/rho00

!      ehlw(mgs) = ehlw(mgs) + (1.0 - ehlw(mgs))*((Max(0.0,rho00 - rho0(mgs)))/rho00)**2


       ELSEIF ( iehlw .eq. 3 .or. iehlw .eq. 10 ) THEN ! use fraction of droplets greater than 15 micron diameter

         tmp = exp(- (dmincw/xdia(mgs,lc,1))**3)

         ehlw(mgs) = min( ehlw(mgs), tmp )

       ELSEIF ( iehlw .eq. 4 .or. iehlw .eq. 10 ) THEN ! Cober and List 1993

         tmp =  &

     &   2.0*xdn(mgs,lc)*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)*(0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1))**2 &

     &  /(9.0*fadvisc(mgs)*0.5*xdia(mgs,lhl,3))

         tmp = max( 1.5, min(10.0, tmp) )

         ehlw(mgs) = min( ehlw(mgs), 0.55*log10(2.51*tmp) )

       ENDIF

      if ( xdia(mgs,lc,1) .lt. 2.4e-06 ) ehlw(mgs)=0.0

       ehlw(mgs) = min( ehlw0, ehlw(mgs) )


       IF ( ibfc == -1 .and. temcg(mgs) < -41.0 ) THEN

        ehlw(mgs) = 0.0

       ENDIF


      end if

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lhl).gt.qxmin(lhl) .and. qx(mgs,lr).gt.qxmin(lr)    &

!     &     .and. temg(mgs) .lt. tfr    &

     &                               ) then

        ehlr(mgs) = 1.0

       ehlr(mgs) = min( ehlr0, ehlr(mgs) )

      end if

!

      IF ( qx(mgs,ls).gt.qxmin(ls) ) THEN

        if ( qx(mgs,lhl).gt.qxmin(lhl)  ) then

          ehlsclsn(mgs) = ehls_collsn

          ehls(mgs) = ehscnv(mgs)

          ehls(mgs) = min(ehls(mgs),ehsmax)

        end if

      ENDIF

!

      if ( qx(mgs,lhl).gt.qxmin(lhl) .and. qx(mgs,li).gt.qxmin(li) ) then

      ehliclsn(mgs) = ehli_collsn

      ehli(mgs)=eii0hl*exp(eii1hl*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

      ehli(mgs) = min( ehimax, max( ehli(mgs), ehimin ) )

      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 273.15 .or. ( qx(mgs,lc) < qxmin(lc)) ) ehli(mgs) = 0.0

      end if


      IF ( lis > 1 ) THEN

      if ( qx(mgs,lhl).gt.qxmin(lhl) .and. qx(mgs,lis).gt.qxmin(lis) ) then

      ehlisclsn(mgs) = ehli_collsn

      ehlis(mgs)=eii0*exp(eii1*min(temcg(mgs),0.0))

      ehlis(mgs) = min( ehimax, max( ehlis(mgs), ehimin ) )

      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 273.15 .or. ( qx(mgs,lc) < qxmin(lc)) ) ehlis(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

      ENDIF


      ENDIF ! lhl .gt. 1


      ENDDO  ! mgs loop for collection efficiencies


!

!

!

!  Set flags for plates vs. columns

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

      xplate(mgs) = 0.0

      xcolmn(mgs) = 1.0

!

!      if ( temcg(mgs) .lt. 0. .and. temcg(mgs) .ge. -4. ) then

!      xplate(mgs) = 1.0

!      xcolmn(mgs) = 0.0

!      end if

!c

!      if ( temcg(mgs) .lt. -4. .and. temcg(mgs) .ge. -9. ) then

!      xplate(mgs) = 0.0

!      xcolmn(mgs) = 1.0

!      end if

!c

!      if ( temcg(mgs) .lt. -9. .and. temcg(mgs) .ge. -22.5 ) then

!      xplate(mgs) = 1.0

!      xcolmn(mgs) = 0.0

!      end if

!c

!      if ( temcg(mgs) .lt. -22.5 .and. temcg(mgs) .ge. -90. ) then

!      xplate(mgs) = 0.0

!      xcolmn(mgs) = 1.0

!      end if

!

      end do


!

!

!

!  Collection growth equations....

!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'Collection: rain collects xxxxx'

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qracw(mgs) =  0.0

      IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) .and. erw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc .lt. 3 ) THEN

       IF ( erw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lr) .gt. 1.e-7 ) THEN

       vt = (ar*(xdia(mgs,lc,1)**br))*rhovt(mgs)

       qracw(mgs) =    &

     &   (0.25)*pi*erw(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*cx(mgs,lr) &

!     >  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &  *max(0.0, vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vt)   &

     &  *(  gf3*xdia(mgs,lr,2)    &

     &    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,lr,1)*xdia(mgs,lc,1)    &

     &    + gf1*xdia(mgs,lc,2) )

!       qracw(mgs) = 0.0

!      write(iunit,*) 'qracw,cx =',qracw(mgs),1.e6*xdia(mgs,lr,1),erw(mgs)

!      write(iunit,*) 'qracw,cx =',qracw(mgs),cx(mgs,lc),kgs(mgs),cx(mgs,lr),1.e6*xdia(mgs,lr,1),vtxbar(mgs,lr,1),vt

!      write(iunit,*) 'vtr: ',vtxbar(mgs,lr,1), ar*gf4br/6.0*xdia(mgs,lr,1)**br, rhovt(mgs),

!     :         ar*gf4br/6.0*xdia(mgs,lr,1)**br * rhovt(mgs)

       ENDIF

      ELSE


      IF ( dmrauto <= 0 .or.  rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr) > 1.2*xl2p(mgs) ) THEN

       rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,3)

        IF ( rwrad .gt. rh(mgs) ) THEN ! .or. cx(mgs,lr) .gt. nh(mgs) ) THEN

         IF ( rwrad .gt. rwradmn ) THEN

!      DM1CCC=A2*XNC*XNR*XVC*(((CNU+2.)/(CNU+1.))*XVC+XVR)       ! (A12)

!     NOTE: Result is independent of imurain, assumes mucloud = 3

           qracw(mgs) = erw(mgs)*aa2*cx(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lc)*xmas(mgs,lc)*   &

     &        ((alpha(mgs,lc) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)/(alpha(mgs,lc) + 1.) + xv(mgs,lr))/rho0(mgs) !*rhoinv(mgs)

         ELSE


          IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN


!      DM1CCC=A1*XNC*XNR*(((CNU+3.)*(CNU+2.)/(CNU+1.)**2)*XVC**3+ ! (A14)

!     1 ((RNU+2.)/(RNU+1.))*XVC*XVR**2)


!           qracw(mgs) = aa1*cx(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lc)*xdn(mgs,lc)*   &

!     &        ((cnu + 3.)*(cnu + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)**3/(cnu + 1.)**2 +    &

!     &         (alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)*xv(mgs,lr)**2/(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.))/rho0(mgs) !*rhoinv(mgs)

! save multiplies by converting cx*xdn*xv/rho0 to qx

           qracw(mgs) = aa1*cx(mgs,lr)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*   &

     &        ((alpha(mgs,lc) + 3.)*(alpha(mgs,lc) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)**2/(alpha(mgs,lc) + 1.)**2 +    &

     &         (alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lr)**2/(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.))


           ELSE ! imurain == 1


           qracw(mgs) = aa1*cx(mgs,lr)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*   &

     &        ((alpha(mgs,lc) + 3.)*(alpha(mgs,lc) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)**2/(alpha(mgs,lc) + 1.)**2 +    &

     &         (alpha(mgs,lr) + 6.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 5.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 4.)*xv(mgs,lr)**2/ &

     &          ((alpha(mgs,lr) + 3.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)))


           ENDIF


         ENDIF

        ENDIF

        ENDIF

       ENDIF

!       qracw(mgs) = Min(qracw(mgs), qx(mgs,lc))

       qracw(mgs) = min(qracw(mgs), qcmxd(mgs))

       ENDIF

      end do

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qraci(mgs) = 0.0

      craci(mgs) = 0.0

      qracs(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( eri(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. iacr .ge. 1 .and. xdia(mgs,lr,3) .gt. 2.*rwradmn ) THEN

        IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN


           tmp = eri(mgs)*aa2*cx(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,li)*   &

     &        ((cinu + 2.)*xv(mgs,li)/(cinu + 1.) + xv(mgs,lr))


        qraci(mgs) = min( qxmxd(mgs,li), tmp*xmas(mgs,li)*rhoinv(mgs) )

        craci(mgs) = min( cxmxd(mgs,li), tmp )


!       vt = Sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))**2 +

!     :            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1) )

!

!          qraci(mgs) = 0.25*pi*eri(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)*qx(mgs,li)*vt*

!     :         (  da0(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 +

!     :            dab1(lr,li)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +

!     :            da1(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 )

!

!

!       vt = Sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))**2 +

!     :            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1) )

!

!          craci(mgs) = 0.25*pi*eri(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,li)*vt*

!     :         (  da0(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 +

!     :            dab0(lr,li)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +

!     :            da0(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 )

!

!          qraci(mgs) = Min( qraci(mgs), qxmxd(mgs,li) )

!          craci(mgs) = Min( craci(mgs), cxmxd(mgs,li) )


        ELSE

          qraci(mgs) =    &

     &     min(   &

     &     (0.25)*pi*eri(mgs)*qx(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,lr)   &

     &    *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))   &

     &    *(  gf3*xdia(mgs,lr,2)    &

     &      + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,lr,1)*xdia(mgs,li,1)    &

     &      + gf1*xdia(mgs,li,2) )     &

     &    , qimxd(mgs))

        ENDIF

      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 268.15 ) then

      qraci(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

      ENDIF

      end do

!

      IF ( ipconc < 3 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qracs(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( ers(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. ipconc < 3 ) THEN

       IF ( lwsm6 .and. ipconc == 0 ) THEN

         vt = vt2ave(mgs)

       ELSE

         vt = vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

       ENDIF

      qracs(mgs) =      &

     &   min(     &

     &   ((0.25)*pi/gf4)*ers(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,lr)     &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vt)     &

     &  *(  gf6*gf1*xdia(mgs,ls,2)     &

     &    + 2.0*gf5*gf2*xdia(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,lr,1)      &

     &    + gf4*gf3*xdia(mgs,lr,2) )      &

     &  , qsmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      end do

      ENDIF


!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'Collection: snow collects xxxxx'

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qsacw(mgs) =  0.0

      csacw(mgs) =  0.0

      vsacw(mgs) =  0.0

      IF ( esw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


       IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN

!      QSACC=CECS*RVT*A2*XNC*XNS*XVC*ROS*

!     *    (((CNU+2.)/(CNU+1.))*XVC+XVS)/RO


!        tmp = esw(mgs)*rvt*aa2*cx(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,lc)*

!     :        ((cnu + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)/(cnu + 1.) + xv(mgs,ls))

        tmp = 1.0*rvt*aa2*cx(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,lc)*   &

     &        ((alpha(mgs,lc) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)/(alpha(mgs,lc) + 1.) + xv(mgs,ls))


        qsacw(mgs) = min( qxmxd(mgs,lc), tmp*xmas(mgs,lc)*rhoinv(mgs) )

        csacw(mgs) = min( cxmxd(mgs,lc), tmp )


          IF ( lvol(ls) .gt. 1 ) THEN

             IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.15) THEN

             rimdn(mgs,ls) = rimc1*(-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &                *((0.60)*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))**(rimc2)

             rimdn(mgs,ls) = min( max( rimc3, rimdn(mgs,ls) ), rimc4 )

             ELSE

             rimdn(mgs,ls) = 1000.

             ENDIF


           vsacw(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qsacw(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,ls)


          ENDIF


!        qsacw(mgs) = cecs*aa2*cx(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,lc)*xmas(mgs,lc)*

!     :        ((alpha(mgs,lc) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)/(alpha(mgs,lc) + 1.) + xv(mgs,ls))*rhoinv(mgs)

       ELSE

!      qsacw(mgs) =

!     >   min(

!     >   ((0.25)*pi)*esw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)*cx(mgs,ls)

!     >  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))

!     >  *(  gf3*xdia(mgs,ls,2)

!     >    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

!     >    + gf1*xdia(mgs,lc,2) )

!     <  , qcmxd(mgs))


            vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))


          qsacw(mgs) = 0.25*pi*esw(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)*qx(mgs,lc)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0(ls)*xdia(mgs,ls,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1(ls,lc)*xdia(mgs,ls,3)*xdia(mgs,lc,3) +    &

     &            da1lc(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lc,3)**2 )

        qsacw(mgs) = min( qsacw(mgs), qxmxd(mgs,ls) )

        csacw(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qsacw(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lc)

       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qsaci(mgs) = 0.0

      csaci(mgs) = 0.0

      csaci0(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN

      IF ( esi(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .or. ( ipelec > 0 .and. esiclsn(mgs) > 0.0 )) THEN

!      QSCOI=CEXS*RVT*A2*XNCI*XNS*XVCI*ROS*

!     *  (((CINU+2.)/(CINU+1.))*VCIP+XVS)/RO


        tmp = esiclsn(mgs)*rvt*aa2*cx(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,li)*   &

     &        ((cinu + 2.)*xv(mgs,li)/(cinu + 1.) + xv(mgs,ls))


        qsaci(mgs) = min( qxmxd(mgs,li), esi(mgs)*tmp*xmas(mgs,li)*rhoinv(mgs) )

        csaci0(mgs) = tmp

        csaci(mgs) = min(cxmxd(mgs,li), esi(mgs)*tmp )


!      qsaci(mgs) =

!     >   min(

!     >   ((0.25)*pi)*esi(mgs)*qx(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,ls)

!     >  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))

!     >  *(  gf3*xdia(mgs,ls,2)

!     >    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,li,1)

!     >    + gf1*xdia(mgs,li,2) )

!     <  , qimxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      ELSE !

      IF ( esi(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

         qsaci(mgs) =    &

     &   min(   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi)*esi(mgs)*qx(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,ls)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))   &

     &  *(  gf3*xdia(mgs,ls,2)    &

     &    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,li,1)    &

     &    + gf1*xdia(mgs,li,2) )     &

     &  , qimxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do

!

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qsacr(mgs) = 0.0

      qsacrs(mgs) = 0.0

      csacr(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( esr(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

!       vt = Sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))**2 +

!     :            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)*vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) )

!       qsacr(mgs) = esr(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)*vt*

!     :     qx(mgs,lr)*0.25*pi*

!     :      (3.02787*xdia(mgs,lr,2) +

!     :       3.30669*xdia(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,lr,1) +

!     :       2.*xdia(mgs,ls,2))

!        qsacr(mgs) = Min( qsacr(mgs), qrmxd(mgs) )

!        csacr(mgs) = qsacr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

!        csacr(mgs) = min(csacr(mgs),crmxd(mgs))

      ELSE

       IF ( lwsm6 .and. ipconc == 0 ) THEN

         vt = vt2ave(mgs)

       ELSE

         vt = vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)

       ENDIF


       qsacr(mgs) =   &

     &   min(   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi/gf4)*esr(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,ls)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vt)   &

     &  *(  gf6*gf1*xdia(mgs,lr,2)   &

     &    + 2.0*gf5*gf2*xdia(mgs,lr,1)*xdia(mgs,ls,1)    &

     &    + gf4*gf3*xdia(mgs,ls,2) )    &

     &  , qrmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do

!

!

!


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'Collection: graupel collects xxxxx'

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qhacw(mgs) = 0.0

      qhacwmlr(mgs) = 0.0

      rarx(mgs,lh) = 0.0

      vhacw(mgs) = 0.0

      vhsoak(mgs) = 0.0

      zhacw(mgs) = 0.0


      IF ( .false. ) THEN

        vtmax = (gz(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))*dtpinv)

        vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) = min( vtmax, vtxbar(mgs,lh,1))

        vtxbar(mgs,lh,2) = min( vtmax, vtxbar(mgs,lh,2))

        vtxbar(mgs,lh,3) = min( vtmax, vtxbar(mgs,lh,3))

      ENDIF

      IF ( ehw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN


        IF ( .false. ) THEN

        qhacw(mgs) = (ehw(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*cx(mgs,lh)*pi*   &

     &    abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))*   &

     &    (2.0*xdia(mgs,lh,1)*(xdia(mgs,lh,1) +    &

     &         xdia(mgs,lc,1)*gf73rds) +    &

     &      xdia(mgs,lc,2)*gf83rds))/4.


         ELSE  ! using Seifert coefficients

            vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))


          qhacw(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lh,lc)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,lc,3) +    &

     &            da1lc(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lc,3)**2 )


         ENDIF

          qhacw(mgs) = min( qhacw(mgs), 0.5*qx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv )


         IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN

          tmp = qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)


!!          g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))/

!!     :         ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,lh)))

!          alp = Max( 1.0, alpha(mgs,lh)+1. )

!          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/

!     :         ((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

!          zhacw(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)) * qhacw(mgs) )

         ENDIF


        ELSE

         qhacw(mgs) =    &

     &   min(   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi)*ehw(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*cx(mgs,lh)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &  *(  gf3*xdia(mgs,lh,2)    &

     &    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,lh,1)*xdia(mgs,lc,1)    &

     &    + gf1*xdia(mgs,lc,2) )     &

     &    , 0.5*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*dtpinv)

!     <  , qxmxd(mgs,lc))

!     <  , qcmxd(mgs))


         IF ( lwsm6 .and. qsacw(mgs) > 0.0 .and.  qhacw(mgs) > 0.0) THEN

           qaacw = ( qx(mgs,ls)*qsacw(mgs) + qx(mgs,lh)*qhacw(mgs) )/(qx(mgs,ls) + qx(mgs,lh))

!           qaacw = Min( qaacw, 0.5*(qsacw(mgs) + qhacw(mgs) ) )

           qsacw(mgs) = qaacw

           qhacw(mgs) = qaacw

         ENDIF


       ENDIF


          qhacwmlr(mgs) = qhacw(mgs)

          IF ( temg(mgs) > tfr .and. iqhacwshr == 0 ) THEN

            qhacw(mgs) = 0.0

          ENDIF


          IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 .or. lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN ! calculate rime density for graupel volume and/or for graupel conversion to hail


             IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.15) THEN

               IF ( irimdenopt == 1 ) THEN ! Heymsfield and Pflaum (1985)

               vt = ( (1.0-rimdenvwgt)*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) + rimdenvwgt*vtxbar(mgs,lh,2) )


             rimdn(mgs,lh) = rimc1*(-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &                *((0.60)*vt )   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))**(rimc2)

!             rimdn(mgs,lh) = Min( Max( hdnmn, rimc3, rimdn(mgs,lh) ), rimc4 )

             rimdn(mgs,lh) = min( max( rimc3, rimdn(mgs,lh) ), rimc4 )


!               IF ( igs(mgs) == 30 ) THEN

!                 write(0,*) 'k,vt: ',kgs(mgs),vt, vtxbar(mgs,lh,1),vtxbar(mgs,lh,2), rhovt(mgs)*axx(mgs,lh)*( (alpha(mgs,lh)+3.)*xdia(mgs,lh,1) )**bxx(mgs,lh)

!                 write(0,*) 'diam: char, mean, maxmass = ',xdia(mgs,lh,1),xdia(mgs,lh,3),(alpha(mgs,lh)+3.)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

!                 write(0,*) 'ax,bx,cd,xdn = ',axx(mgs,lh),bxx(mgs,lh),cdxgs(mgs,lh),xdn(mgs,lh)

!                 write(0,*) 'vt_char,vt_mean = ',rhovt(mgs)*axx(mgs,lh)*( xdia(mgs,lh,1) )**bxx(mgs,lh),rhovt(mgs)*axx(mgs,lh)*( xdia(mgs,lh,3) )**bxx(mgs,lh)

!                 write(0,*) 'rimdn,alpha = ',rimdn(mgs,lh),alpha(mgs,lh)

!               ENDIF


               ELSEIF ( irimdenopt == 2 ) THEN ! Cober and List (1993)


                tmp = (-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &                *( (1.0-rimdenvwgt)*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) + rimdenvwgt*vtxbar(mgs,lh,2) )   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))

                tmp = min( 5.5/0.6, max( 0.3/0.6, tmp ) ) ! have to limit range of "R" because quadratic function starts to decrease (unphysically) at higher values


                rimdn(mgs,lh) = 1000.*(0.051 + 0.114*tmp - 0.0055*tmp**2)


               ELSEIF ( irimdenopt == 3 .or. irimdenopt == 4) THEN ! Macklin (3) or Saunders and Hosseini 2001


                tmp = (-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &                *( (1.0-rimdenvwgt)*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1) + rimdenvwgt*vtxbar(mgs,lh,2) )   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))

              !  tmp = Min( 5.5/0.6, Max( 0.3/0.6, tmp ) )


                IF ( irimdenopt == 3 ) THEN

                  rimdn(mgs,lh) =  min(900., max( 170., 110.*tmp**0.76 ) )

                ELSEIF ( irimdenopt == 4 ) THEN ! Saunders and Hosseini

                  rimdn(mgs,lh) =  min(917., max( 10.,  900.0*(1.0 - 0.905**tmp ) ) )

                ENDIF


               ENDIF

             ELSE

             rimdn(mgs,lh) = 1000.

             ENDIF


             IF ( lvol(lh) > 1 ) vhacw(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhacw(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,lh)


          ENDIF


        IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and. ipelec .ge. 1 ) THEN

         rarx(mgs,lh) =     &

     &    qhacw(mgs)*1.0e3*rho0(mgs)/((pi/2.0)*xdia(mgs,lh,2)*cx(mgs,lh))

        ENDIF


      ENDIF

      end do

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qhaci(mgs) = 0.0

      qhaci0(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( ehi(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

       IF (  ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1) )


          qhaci0(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehiclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*qx(mgs,li)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lh,li)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +    &

     &            da1(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 )

          qhaci(mgs) = min( ehi(mgs)*qhaci0(mgs), qimxd(mgs) )

       ELSE

        qhaci(mgs) =    &

     &  min(   &

     &  ((0.25)*pi)*ehi(mgs)*ehiclsn(mgs)*qx(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,lh)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))   &

     &  *(  gf3*xdia(mgs,lh,2)    &

     &    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,lh,1)*xdia(mgs,li,1)    &

     &    + gf1*xdia(mgs,li,2) )     &

     &  , qimxd(mgs))

       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do


!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qhacs(mgs) = 0.0

      qhacs0(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( ehs(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) )


          qhacs0(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehsclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*qx(mgs,ls)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lh,ls)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,ls,3) +    &

     &            da1(ls)*xdia(mgs,ls,3)**2 )


          qhacs(mgs) = min( ehs(mgs)*qhacs0(mgs), qsmxd(mgs) )


       ELSE

         qhacs(mgs) =   &

     &   min(   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi/gf4)*ehs(mgs)*ehsclsn(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,lh)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))   &

     &  *(  gf6*gf1*xdia(mgs,ls,2)   &

     &    + 2.0*gf5*gf2*xdia(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)   &

     &    + gf4*gf3*xdia(mgs,lh,2) )   &

     &  , qsmxd(mgs))

        ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qhacr(mgs) = 0.0

      qhacrmlr(mgs) = 0.0

      vhacr(mgs) = 0.0

      chacr(mgs) = 0.0

      zhacr(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( temg(mgs) .gt. tfr ) raindn(mgs,lh) = 1000.0


      IF ( ehr(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)*vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) )

!       qhacr(mgs) = ehr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*vt*

!     :     qx(mgs,lr)*0.25*pi*

!     :      (3.02787*xdia(mgs,lr,2) +

!     :       3.30669*xdia(mgs,lh,1)*xdia(mgs,lr,1) +

!     :       2.*xdia(mgs,lh,2))


       qhacr(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*qx(mgs,lr)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lh,lr)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,lr,3) +    &

     &            da1lr(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )

!     &            da1(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )

!       IF ( qhacr(mgs) .gt. 0. .or. tmp .gt. 0.0 ) write(0,*) 'qhacr= ',qhacr(mgs),tmp

!!        qhacr(mgs) = Min( qhacr(mgs), qrmxd(mgs) )

!!        chacr(mgs) = qhacr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

!!        chacr(mgs) = min(chacr(mgs),crmxd(mgs))


        qhacr(mgs) = min( qhacr(mgs), qxmxd(mgs,lr) )


            qhacrmlr(mgs) = qhacr(mgs)


        IF ( temg(mgs) > tfr .and. iehr0c == 0 ) THEN

          qhacr(mgs) = 0.0


          IF ( iqhacrmlr == 0 ) THEN

              qhacrmlr(mgs) = -qhacw(mgs)

          ENDIF


        ELSE

!        chacr(mgs) = Min( qhacr(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lr), cxmxd(mgs,lr) )


!       chacr(mgs) = ehr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*vt*

!     :     cx(mgs,lr)*0.25*pi*

!     :      (0.69874*xdia(mgs,lr,2) +

!     :       1.24001*xdia(mgs,lh,1)*xdia(mgs,lr,1) +

!     :       2.*xdia(mgs,lh,2))


        chacr(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*cx(mgs,lr)*vt*      &

     &         (  da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +                     &

     &            dab0lh(mgs,lh,lr)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,lr,3) +  &

     &            da0lr(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )


!       IF ( qhacr(mgs) .gt. 0. .or. tmp .gt. 0.0 ) write(0,*) 'chacr= ',chacr(mgs),tmp


!        chacr(mgs) = qhacr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

        chacr(mgs) = min(chacr(mgs),crmxd(mgs))


      IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN

          tmp = qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)


!          g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))/

!     :         ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,lh))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,lh)))

!          alp = Max( 1.0, alpha(mgs,lh)+1. )

!          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/

!     :         ((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

!        zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhacr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chacr(mgs) )

!        zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhacr(mgs) )

      ENDIF

      ENDIF ! temg > tfr


      ELSE

       IF ( lwsm6 .and. ipconc == 0 ) THEN

         vt = vt2ave(mgs)

       ELSE

         vt = vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)

       ENDIF


      qhacr(mgs) =   &

     &   min(   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi/gf4)*ehr(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lh)   &

     &  *abs(vt-vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))   &

     &  *(  gf6*gf1*xdia(mgs,lr,2)   &

     &    + 2.0*gf5*gf2*xdia(mgs,lr,1)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)   &

     &    + gf4*gf3*xdia(mgs,lh,2) )   &

     &  , qrmxd(mgs))


        IF ( temg(mgs) > tfr ) THEN

          IF ( iqhacrmlr >= 1 ) qhacrmlr(mgs) = qhacr(mgs)

          qhacr(mgs) = 0.0

        ENDIF


      ENDIF

          IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 .or. lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN ! calculate rime density for graupel volume and/or for graupel conversion to hail


             IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.15) THEN

             raindn(mgs,lh) = rimc1*(-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lr,3))   &

     &                *((0.60)*vt)   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))**(rimc2)


             raindn(mgs,lh) = min( max( rimc3, rimdn(mgs,lh) ), rimc4 )

             ELSE

             raindn(mgs,lh) = 1000.

             ENDIF


             IF ( lvol(lh) > 1 )  vhacr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhacr(mgs)/raindn(mgs,lh)

        ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do


!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'Collection: hail collects xxxxx'

!


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qhlacw(mgs) = 0.0

      qhlacwmlr(mgs) = 0.0

      vhlacw(mgs) = 0.0

      vhlsoak(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( lhl > 1 .and. .true.) THEN

        vtmax = (gz(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))*dtpinv)

        vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) = min( vtmax, vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1))

        vtxbar(mgs,lhl,2) = min( vtmax, vtxbar(mgs,lhl,2))

        vtxbar(mgs,lhl,3) = min( vtmax, vtxbar(mgs,lhl,3))

      ENDIF


      IF ( lhl > 0 ) THEN

      rarx(mgs,lhl) = 0.0

      ENDIF


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ehlw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


!        IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN


            vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))


          qhlacw(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehlw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lhl,lc)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,lc,3) +    &

     &            da1lc(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lc,3)**2 )


          qhlacw(mgs) = min( qhlacw(mgs), 0.5*qx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv )


          qhlacwmlr(mgs) = qhlacw(mgs)

          IF ( temg(mgs) > tfr .and. iqhlacwshr == 0 ) THEN

            qhlacw(mgs) = 0.0

          ENDIF


          IF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1 ) THEN


             IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.15) THEN

               IF ( irimdenopt == 1 ) THEN ! Heymsfeld and Pflaum (1985)

             rimdn(mgs,lhl) = rimc1*(-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &                *((0.60)*( (1.0-rimdenvwgt)*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) + rimdenvwgt*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,2) ))   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))**(rimc2)

             rimdn(mgs,lhl) = min( max( hldnmn, rimc3, rimdn(mgs,lhl) ), rimc4 )


               ELSEIF ( irimdenopt == 2 ) THEN ! Cober and List (1993)

                tmp = -0.5*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1)   &

     &                *( (1.0-rimdenvwgt)*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) + rimdenvwgt*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,2) )   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15)

                tmp = min( 5.5/0.6, max( 0.3/0.6, tmp ) )


                rimdn(mgs,lhl) = 1000.*(0.051 + 0.114*tmp - 0.005*tmp**2)


               ELSEIF ( irimdenopt == 3 .or. irimdenopt == 4) THEN ! Macklin (3) or Saunders and Hosseini 2001

                tmp = -0.5*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1)   &

     &                *( (1.0-rimdenvwgt)*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1) + rimdenvwgt*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,2) )  &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15)

              !  tmp = Min( 5.5/0.6, Max( 0.3/0.6, tmp ) )


                IF ( irimdenopt == 3 ) THEN

                  rimdn(mgs,lhl) =  min(900., max( 170., 110.*tmp**0.76 ) )

                ELSEIF ( irimdenopt == 4 ) THEN ! Saunders and Hosseini

                  rimdn(mgs,lhl) =  min(917., max( 10.,  900.0*(1.0 - 0.905**tmp ) ) )

                ENDIF


               ENDIF

             ELSE

             rimdn(mgs,lhl) = 1000.

             ENDIF


             vhlacw(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlacw(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,lhl)


          ENDIF


        IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and. ipelec .ge. 1 ) THEN

         rarx(mgs,lhl) =     &

     &    qhlacw(mgs)*1.0e3*rho0(mgs)/((pi/2.0)*xdia(mgs,lhl,2)*cx(mgs,lhl))

        ENDIF


      ENDIF

      end do


      qhlaci(:) = 0.0

      qhlaci0(:) = 0.0

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1  ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( ehli(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

       IF (  ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1) )


          qhlaci0(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehliclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*qx(mgs,li)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lhl,li)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +    &

     &            da1(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 )

        ! qhlaci(mgs) = Min( qhlaci(mgs), qimxd(mgs) )

          qhlaci(mgs) = min( ehli(mgs)*qhlaci0(mgs), qimxd(mgs) )

       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do

      ENDIF

!

      qhlacis(:) = 0.0

      qhlacis0(:) = 0.0


      qhlacs(:) = 0.0

      qhlacs0(:) = 0.0

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( ehls(mgs) .gt. 0.0) THEN

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) )


          qhlacs0(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehlsclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*qx(mgs,ls)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lhl,ls)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,ls,3) +    &

     &            da1(ls)*xdia(mgs,ls,3)**2 )


          qhlacs(mgs) = min( ehls(mgs)*qhlacs0(mgs), qsmxd(mgs) )

        ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do

      ENDIF


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qhlacr(mgs) = 0.0

      qhlacrmlr(mgs) = 0.0

      chlacr(mgs) = 0.0

      vhlacr(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. temg(mgs) .gt. tfr ) raindn(mgs,lhl) = 1000.0


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ehlr(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)*vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) )


       qhlacr(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehlr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*qx(mgs,lr)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lhl,lr)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,lr,3) +    &

     &            da1lr(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )

!     &            da1(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )

!       IF ( qhacr(mgs) .gt. 0. .or. tmp .gt. 0.0 ) write(0,*) 'qhacr= ',qhacr(mgs),tmp

!!        qhacr(mgs) = Min( qhacr(mgs), qrmxd(mgs) )

!!        chacr(mgs) = qhacr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

!!        chacr(mgs) = min(chacr(mgs),crmxd(mgs))


        qhlacr(mgs) = min( qhlacr(mgs), qxmxd(mgs,lr) )


        IF ( iqhlacrmlr >= 1 ) qhlacrmlr(mgs) = qhlacr(mgs)


        IF ( temg(mgs) > tfr .and. iehlr0c == 0) THEN

          qhlacr(mgs) = 0.0

          IF ( iqhlacrmlr == 0 ) THEN

              qhlacrmlr(mgs) = -qhlacw(mgs)

          ENDIF

        ELSE

        chlacr(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehlr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*cx(mgs,lr)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab0lh(mgs,lhl,lr)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,lr,3) +    &

     &            da0lr(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )


        chlacr(mgs) = min(chlacr(mgs),crmxd(mgs))


        IF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1 ) THEN

         vhlacr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlacr(mgs)/raindn(mgs,lhl)

        ENDIF

        ENDIF

      ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do


!

!

!

!

!      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'Collection: Cloud collects xxxxx'


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'Collection: cloud ice collects xxxx2'

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qiacw(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( eiw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,li,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,li,1)*vtxbar(mgs,lc,1) )


          qiacw(mgs) = 0.25*pi*eiw(mgs)*cx(mgs,li)*qx(mgs,lc)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1(li,lc)*xdia(mgs,li,3)*xdia(mgs,lc,3) +    &

     &            da1lc(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lc,3)**2 )


       qiacw(mgs) = min( qiacw(mgs), qxmxd(mgs,lc) )

      ENDIF

      end do


!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'Collection: cloud ice collects xxxx8'

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qiacr(mgs) = 0.0

      qiacrf(mgs) = 0.0

      qiacrs(mgs) = 0.0

      ciacrs(mgs) = 0.0

      ciacr(mgs) = 0.0

      ciacrf(mgs) = 0.0

      viacrf(mgs) = 0.0

      csplinter(mgs) = 0.0

      qsplinter(mgs) = 0.0

      csplinter2(mgs) = 0.0

      qsplinter2(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( iacr .ge. 1 .and. eri(mgs) .gt. 0.0    &

     &     .and. temg(mgs) .le. 270.15 ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

       ni = 0.0

         IF ( xdia(mgs,li,1) .ge. 10.e-6 ) THEN

          ni = ni + cx(mgs,li)*exp(- (40.e-6/xdia(mgs,li,1))**3 )

         ENDIF

       IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN ! gamma of diameter

         IF ( iacrsize /= 4 ) THEN

           IF ( iacrsize .eq. 1 ) THEN

             ratio = 500.e-6/xdia(mgs,lr,1)

           ELSEIF ( iacrsize .eq. 2 ) THEN

             ratio = 300.e-6/xdia(mgs,lr,1)

           ELSEIF ( iacrsize .eq. 3 ) THEN

             ratio = 40.e-6/xdia(mgs,lr,1)

           ELSEIF ( iacrsize .eq. 5 ) THEN

             ratio = 150.e-6/xdia(mgs,lr,1)

           ENDIF

           i = min(nqiacrratio,int(ratio*dqiacrratioinv))

           j = int(max(0.0,min(15.,alpha(mgs,lr)))*dqiacralphainv)

!           j = Int(Max(minalphalu,Min(maxalphalu,alpha(mgs,lr)))*dqiacralphainv)

           delx = ratio - float(i)*dqiacrratio

           dely = alpha(mgs,lr) - float(j)*dqiacralpha

           ip1 = min( i+1, nqiacrratio )

           jp1 = min( j+1, nqiacralpha )


           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio

           tmp1 = ciacrratio(i,j) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ciacrratio(ip1,j) - ciacrratio(i,j))

           tmp2 = ciacrratio(i,jp1) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ciacrratio(ip1,jp1) - ciacrratio(i,jp1))


           ! interpolate along alpha


           nr = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*cx(mgs,lr)


           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio;

           tmp1 = qiacrratio(i,j) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(qiacrratio(ip1,j) - qiacrratio(i,j))

           tmp2 = qiacrratio(i,jp1) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(qiacrratio(ip1,jp1) - qiacrratio(i,jp1))


           ! interpolate along alpha;


           qr = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*qx(mgs,lr)


         ELSE ! iacrsize == 4 : use all

           nr = cx(mgs,lr)

           qr = qx(mgs,lr)

         ENDIF


          vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))**2 +     &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1) )


          qiacr(mgs) = 0.25*pi*eri(mgs)*ni*qr*vt*   &

     &         (  da0(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,li,lr)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +    &

     &            da1(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )


          qiacr(mgs) = min( qrmxd(mgs), qiacr(mgs) )


          ciacr(mgs) = 0.25*pi*eri(mgs)*ni*nr*vt*   &

     &         (  da0(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab0lh(mgs,li,lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +    &

     &            da0(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )


          ciacr(mgs) = min( crmxd(mgs), ciacr(mgs) )


!          write(iunit,*) 'qiacr: ',cx(mgs,lr),nr,qx(mgs,lr),qr,qiacr(mgs),ciacr(mgs)

!          write(iunit,*) 'xdia r li = ',xdia(mgs,lr,3),xdia(mgs,li,3),xdia(mgs,lr,1),xdia(mgs,li,1)

!          write(iunit,*) 'i,j,ratio = ',i,j,ciacrratio(i,j),qiacrratio(i,j)

!          write(iunit,*) 'ni,ci = ',ni,cx(mgs,li),qx(mgs,li)


       ELSEIF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN ! gamma of volume

!   Set nr to the number of drops greater than 40 microns.

         arg = 1000.*xdia(mgs,lr,3)

!         nr = cx(mgs,lr)*gaml02( arg )

!        IF ( iacr .eq. 1 ) THEN

         IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

           IF ( iacrsize .eq. 1 ) THEN

            nr = cx(mgs,lr)*gaml02d500( arg )  ! number greater than 500 microns in diameter

           ELSEIF ( iacrsize .eq. 2 .or. iacrsize .eq. 5 ) THEN

            nr = cx(mgs,lr)*gaml02d300( arg )  ! number greater than 300 microns in diameter

           ELSEIF ( iacrsize .eq. 3 ) THEN

            nr = cx(mgs,lr)*gaml02( arg ) ! number greater than 40 microns in diameter

           ELSEIF ( iacrsize .eq. 4 ) THEN

            nr = cx(mgs,lr) ! all raindrops

           ENDIF

         ELSE

         nr = cx(mgs,lr)*gaml02( arg )

         ENDIF

!        ELSEIF ( iacr .eq. 2 ) THEN

!         nr = cx(mgs,lr)*gaml02d300( arg )  ! number greater than 300 microns in diameter

!        ENDIF

       IF ( ni .gt. 0.0 .and. nr .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

       d0 = xdia(mgs,lr,3)

       qiacr(mgs) = xdn(mgs,lr)*rhoinv(mgs)*   &

     &     (0.217239*(0.522295*(d0**5) +    &

     &      49711.81*(d0**6) -    &

     &      1.673016e7*(d0**7)+    &

     &      2.404471e9*(d0**8) -    &

     &      1.22872e11*(d0**9))*ni*nr)

      qiacr(mgs) = min( qrmxd(mgs), qiacr(mgs) )

      ciacr(mgs) =   &

     &   (0.217239*(0.2301947*(d0**2) +    &

     &      15823.76*(d0**3) -    &

     &      4.167685e6*(d0**4) +    &

     &      4.920215e8*(d0**5) -    &

     &      2.133344e10*(d0**6))*ni*nr)

      ciacr(mgs) = min( crmxd(mgs), ciacr(mgs) )

!      ciacr(mgs) = qiacr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

      ENDIF

      ENDIF

       IF ( iacr .eq. 1 .or. iacr .eq. 3 ) THEN

         ciacrf(mgs) = min(ciacr(mgs), qiacr(mgs)/(1.0*vr1mm*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) ) ! *rzxh(mgs)

       ELSEIF ( iacr .eq. 2 ) THEN

         ciacrf(mgs) = ciacr(mgs) ! *rzxh(mgs)

       ELSEIF ( iacr .eq. 4 ) THEN

         ciacrf(mgs) = min(ciacr(mgs), qiacr(mgs)/(1.0*vfrz*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) ) ! *rzxh(mgs)

       ELSEIF ( iacr .eq. 5 ) THEN

         ciacrf(mgs) = ciacr(mgs)*rzxh(mgs)

       ENDIF

!      crfrzf(mgs) = Min(crfrz(mgs), qrfrz(mgs)/(bfnu*27.0*vr1mm*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) ) ! rzxh(mgs)*crfrz(mgs)

       ENDIF


      ELSE ! single-moment rain

      qiacr(mgs) =    &

     &  min(        &

     &   ((0.25/gf4)*pi)*eri(mgs)*cx(mgs,li)*qx(mgs,lr)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))   &

     &  *(  gf6*gf1*xdia(mgs,lr,2)    &

     &    + 2.0*gf5*gf2*xdia(mgs,lr,1)*xdia(mgs,li,1)    &

     &    + gf4*gf3*xdia(mgs,li,2) )     &

     &  , qrmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

!      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 268.15 ) then

!      qiacr(mgs) = 0.0

!      ciacr(mgs) = 0.0

!      end if


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) THEN

        IF ( nsplinter .ge. 1000 ) THEN

        ! Lawson et al. 2015 JAS

         ! ave. diam of freezing drops in microns

           IF ( qiacr(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lh) .and. ciacr(mgs) > 1.e-3 ) THEN

             tmpdiam = 1.e6*( 6.*qiacr(mgs)/(1000.*pi*ciacr(mgs) ) )**(1./3.) ! avg. diameter of newly frozen drops in microns

              fac = 1.0

              IF ( nsplinter .eq. 1001 ) THEN

             !   fac = 0.2/sqrt(2.0*pi*10.**2)*Exp(-0.5*((258.-temg(mgs))/10.)**2 ) ! temperature dependence from Sullivan et al. 2018 ACP

             ! ELSE

                fac = 0.2*exp(-0.5*((258.-temg(mgs))/10.)**2 ) ! temperature dependence from Sullivan et al. 2018 ACP

              ENDIF

             csplinter(mgs) = fac*lawson_splinter_fac*tmpdiam**4*ciacr(mgs)

           ENDIF

        ELSEIF ( nsplinter .ge. 0 ) THEN

          csplinter(mgs) = nsplinter*ciacr(mgs)

        ELSE

          csplinter(mgs) = -nsplinter*ciacrf(mgs)

        ENDIF

        qsplinter(mgs) = min(0.1*qiacr(mgs), csplinter(mgs)*splintermass/rho0(mgs) ) ! makes splinters smaller if too much mass is taken from graupel

      ENDIF


      frach = 1.0

           IF ( ibiggsnow == 2 .or. ibiggsnow == 3 ) THEN

           IF ( ciacr(mgs) > qxmin(lh) ) THEN

           xvfrz = rho0(mgs)*qiacr(mgs)/(ciacr(mgs)*900.) ! mean volume of frozen drops; 900. for frozen drop density

           frach = 0.5 *(1. +  tanh(0.2e12 *( xvfrz - 1.15*xvbiggsnow)))


             qiacrs(mgs) = (1.-frach)*qiacr(mgs)

             ciacrs(mgs) = (1.-frach)*ciacrf(mgs) ! *rzxh(mgs)


           ENDIF

           ENDIF


      qiacrf(mgs) = frach*qiacr(mgs)

      ciacrf(mgs) = frach*ciacrf(mgs)


      IF ( lvol(lh) > 1 ) THEN

         viacrf(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qiacrf(mgs)/rhofrz

      ENDIF


      end do

!

!

!

!


! snow aggregation here

      if ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) then !

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      csacs(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( qx(mgs,ls) > qxmin(ls) .and. ess(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN ! .and. xv(mgs,ls) < 0.25*xvmx(ls)*Max(1.,100./Min(100.,xdn(mgs,ls)))  ) THEN


        IF ( iessec0flag == 0 ) THEN

          ec0(mgs) = 1.0

        ELSE

          tmp = xv(mgs,ls)/(xvmx(ls)*max(1.,100./min(100.,xdn(mgs,ls)))) ! fraction of max snow mass

          IF ( tmp .lt. essfrac1 ) THEN

            ec0(mgs) = 1.0

          ELSEIF ( tmp .ge. essfrac2 ) THEN

            ec0(mgs) = 0.0

          ELSE

            ec0(mgs) = (essfrac2 - tmp)/(essfrac2 - essfrac1)

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


      csacs(mgs) = ec0(mgs)*rvt*aa2*ess(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)**2*min( xv(mgs,ls), 4.*pii/3.*essrmax**3 ) ! *Min(1.,xdn(mgs,ls)/100. ) ! Min func tries to recalibrate for low diagnosed density

!      csacs(mgs) = rvt*aa2*ess(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)**2*Min( xv(mgs,ls), 4.*pii/3.*0.02**3 ) ! *Min(1.,xdn(mgs,ls)/100. ) ! Min func tries to recalibrate for low diagnosed density

      csacs(mgs) = min(csacs(mgs),csmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      end do

      end if

!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: conc 11'

      if ( ipconc .ge. 2 .or. ipelec .ge. 9 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      ciacw(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( eiw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. xmas(mgs,lc) > 0.0 ) THEN

        ciacw(mgs) = qiacw(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lc)

        ciacw(mgs) = min(ciacw(mgs),ccmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      end do


      end if


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: conc 18'

      if ( ipconc .ge. 2 .or. ipelec .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

       tmp1 = 0.0

       cracw(mgs) = 0.0

       cracr(mgs) = 0.0

       ec0(mgs) = 1.e9

      IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr)    &

     &      .and. qracw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


       IF ( ipconc .lt. 3 ) THEN

        IF ( erw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

        cracw(mgs) =   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi)*erw(mgs)*(cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs))*cx(mgs,lr)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &  *(  gf1*xdia(mgs,lc,2)   &

     &    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,lc,1)*xdia(mgs,lr,1)   &

     &    + gf3*xdia(mgs,lr,2) )

        ENDIF

       ELSE ! IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 .and. )

        IF ( dmrauto <= 0 .or.  rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr) > 1.2*xl2p(mgs) ) THEN  !{

        IF ( 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,3) .gt. rh(mgs) ) THEN ! { .or. cx(mgs,lr) .gt. nh(mgs)

!        IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

          IF ( 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,3) .gt. rwradmn ) THEN ! r > 50.e-6

!          DM0CCC=A2*XNC*XNR*(XVC+XVR)                               ! (A11)

!         NOTE: murain drops out, so same result for imurain = 1 and 3

            cracw(mgs) = aa2*cx(mgs,lr)*(cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs))*(xv(mgs,lc) + xv(mgs,lr))

          ELSE

            IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

!          DM0CCC=A1*XNC*XNR*(((CNU+2.)/(CNU+1.))*XVC**2+((RNU+2.)/(RNU+1.))*XVR**2) ! (A13)

            cracw(mgs) = aa1*cx(mgs,lr)*(cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs))*   &

     &          ((alpha(mgs,lc) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)**2/(alpha(mgs,lc) + 1.) +    &

     &          (alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lr)**2/(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.))

            ELSE ! imurain == 1 USE CP00 for rain DSD in diameter

            cracw(mgs) = aa1*cx(mgs,lr)*(cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs))*   &

     &          ((alpha(mgs,lc) + 2.)*xv(mgs,lc)**2/(alpha(mgs,lc) + 1.) +    &

     &          (alpha(mgs,lr) + 6.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 5.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 4.)*xv(mgs,lr)**2/  &

     &             ((alpha(mgs,lr) + 3.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)) )

            ENDIF ! imurain

          ENDIF

        ENDIF ! } rh

        ENDIF ! } dmrauto

       ENDIF ! ipconc

      ENDIF ! qc > qcmin & qr > qrmin


! Rain self collection (cracr) and break-up (factor of ec0)

!

!

        ec0(mgs) = 1.0 ! 2.e9

        IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

        rwrad = 0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,3)


        ! check median volume diameter

        IF ( icracrthresh > 1 ) THEN

         IF ( imurain == 1 ) THEN

           tmp =  (3.67+alpha(mgs,lr))*xdia(mgs,lr,1) ! median volume diameter; units of mm (Ulbrich 1983, JCAM)

         ELSE ! imurain == 3,

           tmp =  (1.678+alpha(mgs,lr))**(1./3.)*xdia(mgs,lr,1) ! units of mm (using method of Ulbrich 1983. See ventillation_stuff.nb)

         ENDIF

        ELSE

          tmp = xdia(mgs,lr,3) - 0.1e-3

        ENDIF


!    Using collection efficiency factor ec0 to simulate break-up that off-sets self-collection (Zieger 1985; Cohard & Pinty 2000)

!    ec0 is 1 for rain diameter < 600 microns and then drop off toward zero until diameter of 2mm to represent passive breakup

!    ec0 does not go negative here (i.e., does not follow other versions that create extra breakup at large rain diameter)

        IF ( ( tmp .gt. 1.9e-3 .and. irainbreak /= 10 .and. irainbreak /= 20 ) .or. icracr <= 0  ) THEN

          ec0(mgs) = 0.0

          cracr(mgs) = 0.0

          IF ( ibincracr == 3 ) THEN

          tmp1 = aa1*(cx(mgs,lr)*xv(mgs,lr))**2*   &

     &                   (alpha(mgs,lr) + 6.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 5.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 4.)/ &

     &                  ((alpha(mgs,lr) + 3.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.))

          ENDIF

        ELSE

         IF ( dmrauto <= 0 .or.  rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr) > 1.2*xl2p(mgs) ) THEN


          IF ( xdia(mgs,lr,3) .lt. 6.1e-4 .or. irainbreak == 10 ) THEN

            ec0(mgs) = 1.0

          ELSE

            ec0(mgs) = exp( -2500.0*(xdia(mgs,lr,3) - 6.0e-4) )

          ENDIF


          IF ( rwrad .ge. 50.e-6 ) THEN

              tmp1 = aa2*cx(mgs,lr)**2*xv(mgs,lr)

              cracr(mgs) = ec0(mgs)*tmp1

              IF ( irainbreak == 20 ) THEN

                cracr(mgs) = tmp1

              ENDIF

          ELSE

            IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

             cracr(mgs) = ec0(mgs)*aa1*(cx(mgs,lr)*xv(mgs,lr))**2*   &

     &                   (alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.)/(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.)

            ELSE ! imurain == 1

              tmp1 = aa1*(cx(mgs,lr)*xv(mgs,lr))**2*   &

     &                   (alpha(mgs,lr) + 6.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 5.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 4.)/ &

     &                  ((alpha(mgs,lr) + 3.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 2.)*(alpha(mgs,lr) + 1.))

              cracr(mgs) = ec0(mgs)*tmp1

              IF ( irainbreak == 20 ) THEN

                 cracr(mgs) = tmp1

              ENDIF

            ENDIF

          ENDIF ! rwrad > 50

!          cracr(mgs) = Min(cracr(mgs),crmxd(mgs))

         ENDIF ! dmrauto <= 0

        ENDIF ! tmp > 1.9e-3


          IF ( irainbreak == 100 ) THEN ! Morrison breakup

            ec0(mgs) = 1.0

            IF ( xdia(mgs,lr,1) > 300.e-6 ) THEN

              ec0(mgs) = 2. - exp(2300.*(xdia(mgs,lr,1)-300.e-6))

            ENDIF

            cracr(mgs) = 5.78*ec0(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)*qx(mgs,lr)

          ENDIF


        ENDIF ! ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) )


       ! active breakup option

       crbreak = 0.0

       IF ( irainbreak == 1 .or. irainbreak == 10 ) THEN

                crbreak = max( 0.0,  rainbreakfac* (rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr))**2 ) ! hand fit to lower range of wkqss output

                cracr(mgs) = cracr(mgs) - crbreak ! cracr is subtracted, so negative value for breakup

       ELSEIF ( irainbreak == 2 .or. irainbreak == 20 ) THEN

          ! irainbreak == 20 does not work as intended

                crbreak = max( 0.0,  rainbreakfac*(1. - ec0(mgs))*(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr))**2 ) ! hand fit to lower range of wkqss output

!                crbreak = Max(0.0, -0.18 + 1.139e6 * (rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr) + 0.00038106)**2)

                cracr(mgs) = cracr(mgs) - crbreak ! cracr is subtracted, so negative value for breakup

       ELSEIF ( irainbreak == 11 .and. rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr) > qrbrthresh1 .and. ipconc >= 5  ) THEN


          ! Ad hoc method to break up drops in the DSD tail (D > draintail)


           ratio = min( maxratiolu, draintail/xdia(mgs,lr,1) )

           ! mass

            tmp2 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lr),4,1)

            qxd1 = qx(mgs,lr)*(tmp2)

            qrbreak = dtpinv*qxd1


            crbreaksmall = rho0(mgs)*qrbreak/(xdn(mgs,lr)*pi/6.*drsmall**3)

            IF ( ( qxd1 > qxmin(lr)) ) THEN


           ! number

            tmp = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lr),1,1)

             IF ( ipconc == 5 ) THEN

          !     tmp = Min( 0.2, tmp )

             ENDIF

            cxd1 = cx(mgs,lr)*( tmp)

            IF ( rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr) > qrbrthresh2 ) THEN

              flim = 1.0

            ELSE

              flim = (rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr) - qrbrthresh1)/(qrbrthresh2 - qrbrthresh1)

            ENDIF

            crbreak = flim*(crbreaksmall - dtpinv*cxd1)


!             IF ( kgs(mgs) == 1 .and. qx(mgs,lr) > 0.1e-3 ) THEN

!               write(0,*) 'crbreak: ',crbreak,crbreaksmall,dtpinv*cxd1,cx(mgs,lr),cracr(mgs) - crbreak

!             ENDIF

            cracr(mgs) = cracr(mgs) - crbreak ! cracr is subtracted, so negative value for breakup


           ! reflectivity -- not used yet: goes into zracr

!            IF ( ipconc >= 6 .and. lzr > 1  ) THEN

!             tmp3 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lr),11,1)

!             zxd1 = zx(mgs,lr)*(tmp3)

!             zrbreak = dtpinv*zxd1

!            ELSE

!             zxd1 = 0

!            ENDIF

!            zrbreak = Max(0.0, zrbreak - crbreaksmall*drsmall**6)

       ELSEIF ( irainbreak == 12 ) THEN

                crbreak = max( 0.0, 3.8098 * (rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr))**1.9416 ) ! best fit to lower range of wkqss (collision only) output

                cracr(mgs) = cracr(mgs) - crbreak ! cracr is subtracted, so negative value for breakup

             ENDIF

       ENDIF


!      cracw(mgs) = min(cracw(mgs),cxmxd(mgs,lc))


      end do

      end if


!

!

!

!  Graupel

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: conc 22ii'

      chacw(:) = 0.0

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 .or. ipelec .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN

       IF ( qhacw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. xmas(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


!  This is the explict version of chacw, which turns out to be very close to the

!  approximation that the droplet size does not change, to within a few percent.

!  This may _not_ be the case for cnu other than zero!

!          chacw(mgs) = (ehw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lc)*cx(mgs,lh)*(pi/4.)*

!     :    abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))*

!     :    (2.0*xdia(mgs,lh,1)*(xdia(mgs,lh,1) +

!     :         xdia(mgs,lc,1)*gf43rds) +

!     :      xdia(mgs,lc,2)*gf53rds))


!          chacw(mgs) = Min( chacw(mgs), 0.6*cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv )


!        chacw(mgs) = qhacw(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lc)

        chacw(mgs) = qhacw(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmascw(mgs)

!        chacw(mgs) = min(chacw(mgs),cxmxd(mgs,lc))

        chacw(mgs) = min( chacw(mgs), 0.5*(cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs))*dtpinv )

       ELSE

        qhacw(mgs) = 0.0

       ENDIF

      ELSE

      ! single-moment

      chacw(mgs) =   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi)*ehw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lc)*cx(mgs,lh)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &  *(  gf1*xdia(mgs,lc,2)   &

     &    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,lc,1)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)   &

     &    + gf3*xdia(mgs,lh,2) )

      chacw(mgs) = min(chacw(mgs),0.5*cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv)

!      chacw(mgs) = min(chacw(mgs),cxmxd(mgs,lc))

!      chacw(mgs) = min(chacw(mgs),ccmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      end do

      end if

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: conc 22kk'

      chaci(:) = 0.0

      chaci0(:) = 0.0

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 .or. ipelec .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( ehi(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .or. ( ehiclsn(mgs) > 0.0 .and. ipelec > 0 )) THEN

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1) )


          chaci0(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehiclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*cx(mgs,li)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab0lh(mgs,lh,li)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +    &

     &            da0(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 )


       ELSE

        chaci0(mgs) =   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi)*ehiclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,lh)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))   &

     &  *(  gf1*xdia(mgs,li,2)   &

     &    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,li,1)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)   &

     &    + gf3*xdia(mgs,lh,2) )

        ENDIF


        chaci(mgs) = min(ehi(mgs)*chaci0(mgs),cimxd(mgs))

       ENDIF

      end do

      end if


!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: conc 22nn'

      chacs(:) = 0.0

      chacs0(:) = 0.0

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 .or. ipelec .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( ehs(mgs) .gt. 0 ) THEN

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 .or. ( ehsclsn(mgs) > 0.0 .and. ipelec > 0 ) ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) )


          chacs0(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehsclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*cx(mgs,ls)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab0lh(mgs,lh,ls)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,ls,3) +    &

     &            da0(ls)*xdia(mgs,ls,3)**2 )


       ELSE

      chacs0(mgs) =   &

     &   ((0.25)*pi)*ehsclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,lh)   &

     &  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))   &

     &  *(  gf3*gf1*xdia(mgs,ls,2)   &

     &    + 2.0*gf2*gf2*xdia(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)   &

     &    + gf1*gf3*xdia(mgs,lh,2) )

      ENDIF

      chacs(mgs) = min(ehs(mgs)*chacs0(mgs),csmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      end do

      end if


!

!

!  Hail

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: conc 22ii'

      chlacw(:) = 0.0

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 .or. ipelec .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN

       IF ( qhlacw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. xmas(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


!  This is the explict version of chacw, which turns out to be very close to the

!  approximation that the droplet size does not change, to within a few percent.

!  This may _not_ be the case for cnu other than zero!

!          chlacw(mgs) = (ehlw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lc)*cx(mgs,lhl)*(pi/4.)*

!     :    abs(vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))*

!     :    (2.0*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)*(xdia(mgs,lhl,1) +

!     :         xdia(mgs,lc,1)*gf43rds) +

!     :      xdia(mgs,lc,2)*gf53rds))


!          chlacw(mgs) = Min( chlacw(mgs), 0.6*cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv )


!        chlacw(mgs) = qhlacw(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lc)

        chlacw(mgs) = qhlacw(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmascw(mgs)

!        chlacw(mgs) = min(chlacw(mgs),cxmxd(mgs,lc))

        chlacw(mgs) = min( chlacw(mgs), 0.5*cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv )

       ELSE

        qhlacw(mgs) = 0.0

       ENDIF

!      ELSE

!      chlacw(mgs) =

!     >   ((0.25)*pi)*ehlw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lc)*cx(mgs,lhl)

!     >  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))

!     >  *(  gf1*xdia(mgs,lc,2)

!     >    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,lc,1)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)

!     >    + gf3*xdia(mgs,lhl,2) )

!      chlacw(mgs) = min(chlacw(mgs),0.5*cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv)

!      chlacw(mgs) = min(chlacw(mgs),cxmxd(mgs,lc))

!      chlacw(mgs) = min(chlacw(mgs),ccmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      end do

      end if

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: conc 22kk'

      chlaci(:) = 0.0

      chlaci0(:) = 0.0

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 .or. ipelec .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ( ehli(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .or. (ipelec > 0 .and. ehliclsn(mgs) > 0.0) )  ) THEN

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1) )


          chlaci0(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehliclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*cx(mgs,li)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab0(lhl,li)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +    &

     &            da0(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 )


!       ELSE

!        chlaci(mgs) =

!     >   ((0.25)*pi)*ehli(mgs)*cx(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,lhl)

!     >  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))

!     >  *(  gf1*xdia(mgs,li,2)

!     >    + 2.0*gf2*xdia(mgs,li,1)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)

!     >    + gf3*xdia(mgs,lhl,2) )

        ENDIF


        chlaci(mgs) = min(ehli(mgs)*chlaci0(mgs),cimxd(mgs))

       ENDIF

      end do

      end if


!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'ICEZVD_GS: conc 22jj'

      chlacs(:) = 0.0

      chlacs0(:) = 0.0

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 .or. ipelec .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ( ehls(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .or. (ipelec > 0 .and. ehlsclsn(mgs) > 0.0) ) ) THEN

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1) )


          chlacs0(mgs) = 0.25*pi*ehlsclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*cx(mgs,ls)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab0(lhl,ls)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,ls,3) +    &

     &            da0(ls)*xdia(mgs,ls,3)**2 )


!       ELSE

!      chlacs(mgs) =

!     >   ((0.25)*pi)*ehls(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,lhl)

!     >  *abs(vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))

!     >  *(  gf3*gf1*xdia(mgs,ls,2)

!     >    + 2.0*gf2*gf2*xdia(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)

!     >    + gf1*gf3*xdia(mgs,lhl,2) )

      ENDIF

      chlacs(mgs) = min(ehls(mgs)*chlacs0(mgs),csmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      end do

      end if


!

! Ziegler (1985) autoconversion

!

!

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'conc 26a'


      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

        zrcnw(mgs) = 0.0

        qrcnw(mgs) = 0.0

        crcnw(mgs) = 0.0

        cautn(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDDO


      IF ( dmrauto >= -1 ) THEN !{

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

!      qracw(mgs) = 0.0

!      cracw(mgs) = 0.0

       IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .gt. 1000. .and. temg(mgs) .gt. tfrh+4.) THEN

       !( .and. w(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)) > 5.0) THEN ! DTD: added w threshold for testing

         volb = xv(mgs,lc)*(1./(1.+alpha(mgs,lc)))**(1./2.)

         cautn(mgs) = min(ccmxd(mgs),   &

     &      ((alpha(mgs,lc)+2.)/(alpha(mgs,lc)+1.))*aa1*cx(mgs,lc)**2*xv(mgs,lc)**2)

         cautn(mgs) = max( 0.0d0, cautn(mgs) )

         IF ( rb(mgs) .le. 7.51d-6 .or. dmrauto == -1) THEN

           t2s = 1.d30

!           cautn(mgs) = 0.0

         ELSE

!         XL2P=2.7E-2*XNC*XVC*((1.E12*RB**3*RC)-0.4)


!        T2S=3.72E-3/(((1.E4*RB)-7.5)*XNC*XVC)

!           t2s = 3.72E-3/(((1.e6*rb)-7.5)*cx(mgs,lc)*xv(mgs,lc))

!           t2s = 3.72/(((1.e6*rb(mgs))-7.5)*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc))

           t2s = 3.72/(1.e6*(rb(mgs)-7.500d-6)*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc))


           qrcnw(mgs) = max( 0.0d0, xl2p(mgs)/(t2s*rho0(mgs)) )

           crcnw(mgs) = max( 0.0d0, min(3.5e9*xl2p(mgs)/t2s,0.5*cautn(mgs)) )


           IF ( dmrauto == 0 ) THEN

             IF ( qx(mgs,lr)*rho0(mgs) > 1.2*xl2p(mgs) .and. cx(mgs,lr) > cxmin ) THEN ! Cohard and Pinty (2000a) switch over from (18) to (19)

               crcnw(mgs) = cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)*qrcnw(mgs)

             ELSEIF ( ( dmropt == 1 .or. dmropt == 3 ) .and. qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

               tmp = qrcnw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

               crcnw(mgs) = min(tmp,crcnw(mgs) )

             ELSEIF ( ( dmropt == 4 ) .and. qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

               tmp = crcnw(mgs)

               tmp2 = qrcnw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

               ! try mass-weighted average of old and new Dmr using converted qc mass

               crcnw(mgs) = (tmp*qrcnw(mgs)+tmp2*qx(mgs,lr))/(qrcnw(mgs)+qx(mgs,lr))

             ELSEIF ( ( dmropt == 5 ) .and. qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

               tmp = crcnw(mgs)

               tmp2 = qrcnw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

               ! try mass-weighted average of old and new Dmr using full qc mass

               crcnw(mgs) = (tmp*qx(mgs,lc)+tmp2*qx(mgs,lr))/(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr))

             ELSEIF ( ( dmropt == 6 ) .and. qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

               tmp = crcnw(mgs)

               tmp2 = qrcnw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

               ! try mass*diameter-weighted average of old and new Dmr (using full qc mass)

               crcnw(mgs) = (tmp*xdia(mgs,lc,3)*qx(mgs,lc)+tmp2*xdia(mgs,lr,3)*qx(mgs,lr))/ &

                             (xdia(mgs,lc,3)*qx(mgs,lc)+xdia(mgs,lr,3)*qx(mgs,lr))

             ELSEIF ( ( dmropt == 7 ) .and. qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

               tmp = crcnw(mgs)

               tmp2 = qrcnw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

               ! try diameter-weighted average of old and new Dmr

               crcnw(mgs) = (tmp*xdia(mgs,lc,3)+tmp2*xdia(mgs,lr,3))/(xdia(mgs,lc,3)+xdia(mgs,lr,3))

             ELSEIF ( ( dmropt == 8 ) .and. qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

               tmp = crcnw(mgs)

               tmp2 = qrcnw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

               ! try sqrt(diameter)-weighted average of old and new Dmr

               crcnw(mgs) = (tmp*sqrt(xdia(mgs,lc,3))+tmp2*sqrt(xdia(mgs,lr,3)))/  &

                             (sqrt(xdia(mgs,lc,3))+sqrt(xdia(mgs,lr,3)))

             ENDIF

           ELSEIF ( dmrauto == 1  .and. cx(mgs,lr) > cxmin) THEN

             IF ( qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

               tmp = qrcnw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

               crcnw(mgs) = min(tmp,crcnw(mgs) )

             ENDIF

           ELSEIF ( dmrauto == 2  .and. cx(mgs,lr) > cxmin) THEN

               tmp = crcnw(mgs)

               tmp2 = qrcnw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)/qx(mgs,lr)

               ! try mass-weighted average of old and new Dmr

               crcnw(mgs) = (tmp*qrcnw(mgs)+tmp2*qx(mgs,lr))/(qrcnw(mgs)+qx(mgs,lr))

           ELSEIF ( dmrauto == 3  .and. cx(mgs,lr) > cxmin) THEN ! adapted from MY/CP code

              tmp = max( 2.d0*rh(mgs), dble( xdia(mgs,lr,3) ) )

              crcnw(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/(pi/6.*1000.*tmp**3)

           ENDIF


           IF ( crcnw(mgs) < 1.e-30 ) qrcnw(mgs) = 0.0


           IF ( ipconc >= 6 ) THEN

           IF ( lzr > 1 .and. qrcnw(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

!            vr = rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/(1000.*crcnw(mgs))

!            zrcnw(mgs) = 36.*(xnu(lr)+2.0)*crcnw(mgs)*vr**2/((xnu(lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

             ! DTD: If rain exists at a grid point already either use the alpha-preserving Z-rate eqn. (dmrauto == 1)

             ! or a mass-weighted average of the alpha-preserving Z-rate eqn. and the init. rate eqn. (dmrauto == 2)

             ! or the original initiation rate equation (dmrauto == 0).  Not sure if this is the correct way to go but seems to work ok.

             IF (qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) .and. ( dmrauto == 1 .or. dmrauto ==2 ) ) THEN

              tmp3 = qx(mgs,lr)/cx(mgs,lr)

              tmp4 =  g1x(mgs,lr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2* &

     &                 ( 2.*tmp3 * qrcnw(mgs) - tmp3**2 * crcnw(mgs)  )

              if (imurain == 3) then

                vr = rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/(1000.)

                tmp3 = 36.*(xnu(lc)+2.0)*vr**2/(crcnw(mgs)*(xnu(lc)+1.0)*pi**2)

              else

                tmp3 = galpharaut*(6.*rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/(pi*xdn0(lr)))**2/crcnw(mgs)

              endif

              IF ( dmrauto == 1 ) THEN ! Preserve alpha

                zrcnw(mgs) = tmp4

              ELSEIF ( dmrauto == 2 ) THEN ! Mass-weighted average

                zrcnw(mgs) = (tmp3*qrcnw(mgs)+tmp4*qx(mgs,lr))/(qrcnw(mgs)+qx(mgs,lr))

              ENDIF

             else ! original formulation

              IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

                vr = rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/(1000.) ! crcnw(mgs) not divided here but is in next line, cancels one factor in the numerator

                zrcnw(mgs) = 36.*(xnu(lc)+2.0)*vr**2/(crcnw(mgs)*(xnu(lc)+1.0)*pi**2)

              ELSE ! rain in gamma of diameter

                IF ( dmropt <= 1 .or. dmropt >= 4 .or. ( qx(mgs,lr) < qxmin(lr) .and. cx(mgs,lr) < cxmin ) ) THEN

                  zrcnw(mgs) = galpharaut*(6.*rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/(pi*xdn0(lr)))**2/crcnw(mgs)

                ELSE

                  tmp3 = qx(mgs,lr)/cx(mgs,lr)

                  zrcnw(mgs) =  g1x(mgs,lr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2* &

     &                 ( 2.*tmp3 * qrcnw(mgs) - tmp3**2 * crcnw(mgs)  )

                ENDIF

!             vr = rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/(1000.) ! crcnw(mgs) not divided here but is in next line, cancels one factor in the numerator

!             zrcnw(mgs) = 36.*(xnu(lc)+2.0)*vr**2/(crcnw(mgs)*(xnu(lc)+1.0)*pi**2)

              ENDIF

             endif

!             z  = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

           ENDIF

           ENDIF ! ipconc >= 6

!           IF (  crcnw(mgs) .gt. cautn(mgs) .and. crcnw(mgs) .gt. 1.0 )

!     :          THEN

!             write(0,*)  'crcnw,cautn ',crcnw(mgs)/cautn(mgs),

!     :          crcnw(mgs),cautn(mgs),igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),t2s,qx(mgs,lr)

!             write(0,*)  '            ',qx(mgs,lc),cx(mgs,lc),0.5e6*xdia(mgs,lc,1)

!             write(0,*)  '            ',rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/crcnw(mgs),

!     :         1.e6*(( 3/(4.*pi))*rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/

!     :       (crcnw(mgs)*xdn(mgs,lr)))**(1./3.),rh(mgs)*1.e6,rwrad(mgs)

!           ELSEIF ( crcnw(mgs) .gt. 1.0 .and. cautn(mgs) .gt. 0.) THEN

!             write(0,*)  'crcnw,cautn ',crcnw(mgs)/cautn(mgs),

!     :          crcnw(mgs),cautn(mgs),igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),t2s

!             write(0,*)  '            ',rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/crcnw(mgs),

!     :  1.e6*(( 3*pi/4.)*rho0(mgs)*qrcnw(mgs)/

!     :   (crcnw(mgs)*xdn(mgs,lr)))**(1./3.)

!           ENDIF

!           crcnw(mgs) = Min(cautn(mgs),3.5e9*xl2p(mgs)/t2s)


!           IF ( qrcnw(mgs) .gt. 0.3e-2 ) THEN

!            write(0,*)  'QRCNW'

!            write(0,*)  qrcnw(mgs),crcnw(mgs),cautn(mgs)

!            write(0,*)  xl2p,t2s,rho0(mgs),xv(mgs,lc),cx(mgs,lc),qx(mgs,lc)

!            write(0,*)  rb,0.5*xdia(mgs,lc,1),mgs,igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)

!           ENDIF

!           qrcnw(mgs) = Min(qrcnw(mgs),qcmxd(mgs))

         ENDIF


       ENDIF

      ENDDO


      ENDIF !} dmrauto >= 0


      ELSE


!

!  Berry 1968 auto conversion for rain (Orville & Kopp 1977)

!

!

      if ( ircnw .eq. 4 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!      sconvmix(lcw,mgs) = 0.0

      qrcnw(mgs) =  0.0

      qdiff = max((qx(mgs,lc)-qminrncw),0.0)

      if ( qdiff .gt. 0.0 .and. xdia(mgs,lc,1) .gt. 20.0e-6 ) then

      argrcnw =   &

     &  ((1.2e-4)+(1.596e-12)*(cx(mgs,lc)*1.0e-6)   &

     &  /(cwdisp*qdiff*1.0e-3*rho0(mgs)))

      qrcnw(mgs) = (rho0(mgs)*1e-3)*(qdiff**2)/argrcnw

!      sconvmix(lcw,mgs) = max(sconvmix(lcw,mgs),0.0)

      qrcnw(mgs) = (max(qrcnw(mgs),0.0))

      end if

      end do


      ENDIF

!

!

!

!  Berry 1968 auto conversion for rain (Ferrier 1994)

!

!

      if ( ircnw .eq. 5 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qrcnw(mgs) = 0.0

      qrcnw(mgs) =  0.0

      qccrit = (pi/6.)*(cx(mgs,lc)*cwdiap**3)*xdn(mgs,lc)/rho0(mgs)

      qdiff = max((qx(mgs,lc)-qccrit),0.)

      if ( qdiff .gt. 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,lc) .gt. 1.0 ) then

      argrcnw = &

!     >  ((1.2e-4)+(1.596e-12)*cx(mgs,lc)/(cwdisp*rho0(mgs)*qdiff))   &

     &  ((1.2e-4)+(1.596e-12)*cx(mgs,lc)*1.0e-3/(cwdisp*rho0(mgs)*qdiff))

      qrcnw(mgs) = &

!     >  timflg(mgs)*rho0(mgs)*(qdiff**2)/argrcnw   &

     &  1.0e-3*rho0(mgs)*(qdiff**2)/argrcnw

      qrcnw(mgs) = min(qxmxd(mgs,lc), (max(qrcnw(mgs),0.0)) )


!      write(iunit,*) 'qrcnw,cx =',qrcnw(mgs),cx(mgs,lc),mgs,1.e3*qx(mgs,lc),cno(lr)

      end if

      end do

      end if


!

!

!  kessler auto conversion for rain.

!

      if ( ircnw .eq. 2 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qrcnw(mgs) = 0.0

      qrcnw(mgs) = (0.001)*max((qx(mgs,lc)-qminrncw),0.0)

      end do

      end if

!

!  c4 = pi/6

!  c1 = 0.12-0.32 for colorado storms...typically 0.3-0.4

!  berry reinhart type conversion (proctor 1988)

!

      if ( ircnw .eq. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qrcnw(mgs) = 0.0

      c1 = 0.2

      c4 = pi/(6.0)

      bradp =    &

     & (1.e+06) * ((c1/(0.38))**(1./3.)) * (xdia(mgs,lc,1)*(0.5))

      bl2 =   &

     & (0.027) * ((100.0)*(bradp**3)*(xdia(mgs,lc,1)*(0.5)) - (0.4))

      bt2 = (bradp -7.5) / (3.72)

      qrcnw(mgs) = 0.0

      if ( bl2 .gt. 0.0 .and. bt2 .gt. 0.0 ) then

      qrcnw(mgs) = bl2 * bt2 * rho0(mgs)   &

     &  * qx(mgs,lc) * qx(mgs,lc)

      end if

      end do

      end if


      ENDIF  !  ( ipconc .ge. 2 )


!

!

!

!  Bigg Freezing of Rain

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'conc 27a'

      qrfrz(:) = 0.0

      qrfrzs(:) = 0.0

      qrfrzf(:) = 0.0

      vrfrzf(:) = 0.0

      crfrz(:) = 0.0

      crfrzs(:) = 0.0

      crfrzf(:) = 0.0

      zrfrz(:)  = 0.0

      zrfrzs(:)  = 0.0

      zrfrzf(:)  = 0.0

      qwcnr(:) = 0.0


      IF ( .not. ( ipconc == 0 .and. lwsm6 ) ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) .and. temcg(mgs) .lt. -5. .and. ibiggopt > 0 ) then

!      brz = 100.0

!      arz = 0.66

       IF ( ipconc .lt. 3 ) THEN

       qrfrz(mgs) =    &

     &  min(   &

     &  (20.0)*(pi**2)*brz*(xdn(mgs,lr)/rho0(mgs))   &

     &   *cx(mgs,lr)*(xdia(mgs,lr,1)**6)   &

     &   *(exp(max(-arz*temcg(mgs), 0.0))-1.0)   &

     &  , qrmxd(mgs))

        qrfrzf(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs)


!       ELSEIF ( ipconc .ge. 3 .and. xv(mgs,lr) .gt. 1.1*xvmn(lr) ) THEN

       ELSEIF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

!         tmp = brz*cx(mgs,lr)*(Exp(Max( -arz*temcg(mgs), 0.0 )) - 1.0)

!         crfrz(mgs) = xv(mgs,lr)*tmp


         frach = 1.0d0


!         IF ( ibiggopt == 2 .and. imurain == 1 .and. lzr < 1 ) THEN ! lzr check because results are weird for 3-moment

         IF ( ibiggopt == 2 .and. imurain == 1 ) THEN !

         ! integrate from Bigg diameter (for given supercooling Ts) to infinity


           volt = exp( 16.2 + 1.0*temcg(mgs) )* 1.0e-6 !  Ts == -temcg ; volt comes from the fit in Fig. 1 in Bigg 1953 (Proc. Phys. Soc. London)

                                               ! for mean temperature for freezing: -ln (V) = a*Ts - b, where a = 6.9/6.8, or approx a = 1.0, and b = 16.2

                                               ! volt is given in cm**3, so convert to m**3

           dbigg = (6./pi* volt )**(1./3.)


           ! perhaps should also test that W > V_t_dbigg, i.e., that drops the size of dbigg are being lifted and cooled.

           IF ( dbigg < 8.e-3 ) THEN !{ only bother if freezing diameter is reasonable


             ratio = min(maxratiolu, dbigg/xdia(mgs,lr,1) )


           i = min(nqiacrratio,int(ratio*dqiacrratioinv))

           IF ( alp0flag ) THEN

           j = int(max(0.0,min(15.,alpha(mgs,lr)))*dqiacralphainv)

           ELSE

           j = int(max(minalphalu,min(maxalphalu,alpha(mgs,lr)))*dqiacralphainv)

           ENDIF

           delx = ratio - float(i)*dqiacrratio

           dely = alpha(mgs,lr) - float(j)*dqiacralpha

           ip1 = min( i+1, nqiacrratio )

           jp1 = min( j+1, nqiacralpha )


           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio;

           tmp1 = ciacrratio(i,j) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ciacrratio(ip1,j) - ciacrratio(i,j))

           tmp2 = ciacrratio(i,jp1) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ciacrratio(ip1,jp1) - ciacrratio(i,jp1))


           ! interpolate along alpha;


           crfrz(mgs) = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

           crfrzf(mgs) = crfrz(mgs)

           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio;

           tmp1 = qiacrratio(i,j) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(qiacrratio(ip1,j) - qiacrratio(i,j))

           tmp2 = qiacrratio(i,jp1) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(qiacrratio(ip1,jp1) - qiacrratio(i,jp1))


           ! interpolate along alpha;


           qrfrz(mgs) = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

           qrfrzf(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs)


           IF ( qrfrz(mgs)*dtp < qxmin(lh) .or. crfrz(mgs)*dtp < cxmin ) THEN


             crfrz(mgs) = 0.0

             qrfrz(mgs) = 0.0

             qrfrzf(mgs) = 0.0


           ELSE !{


           IF ( ipconc >= 5 .or. lzr > 1 ) THEN


              cxd1 = crfrz(mgs)*dtp

              qxd1 = qrfrz(mgs)*dtp


           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio;

            tmp1 = ziacrratio(i,j) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ziacrratio(ip1,j) - ziacrratio(i,j))

            tmp2 = ziacrratio(i,jp1) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ziacrratio(ip1,jp1) - ziacrratio(i,jp1))


           ! interpolate along alpha;


            IF ( ipconc >= 6 .and. lzr > 1  ) THEN

              zxd1 = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*zx(mgs,lr)

              ! Do the correction for alphamax

              zrfrz(mgs) = zxd1*dtpinv

              ! tmp4 is the Z from the converted particles assuming shape of alphamax

              tmp3 = g1xmax*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/((pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.0)**2)

              tmp4 = tmp3/cxd1

              IF ( tmp4 > zxd1 ) THEN ! calculate new graupel/fd number to match zxd1

                ! increase cxd1 to make z,q,c rates consistent

                ! cxd1 = g1xmax*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/(zxd1*(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.0)**2)

                cxd1 = tmp3/zxd1

                crfrzf(mgs) = dtpinv*cxd1

              ENDIF

            ELSE

            ! tmp5 is rain reflectivity moment

              tmp5 = g1x(mgs,lr)*(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr))**2/((pi*xdn(mgs,lr)/6.)**2*cx(mgs,lr))

              zxd1 = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*tmp5

            ! tmp4 is the reflectivity of the newly-converted graupel particles (use g1x(lh) for loss term)

            ! which we want to match zxd1 to prevent spurious increase in total reflectivity

              tmp3 =  g1x(mgs,lr)*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/((pi*xdn(mgs,lr)/6.0)**2)

              tmp4 = tmp3/cxd1

              IF ( tmp4 > zxd1 ) THEN ! calculate new FD number to match zxd1

                crfrzf(mgs) = tmp3/zxd1*dtpinv

              ENDIF

            ENDIF

           ENDIF


            IF ( ibiggsmallrain > 0 .and. xv(mgs,lr) < 2.*xvmn(lr) .and. ( ibiggsnow == 1 .or. ibiggsnow == 3 ) ) THEN

!            IF ( ibiggsmallrain > 0 .and. xv(mgs,lr) < xvbiggsnow .and. ( ibiggsnow == 1 .or. ibiggsnow == 3 ) ) THEN

             ! rain drops are so small that they cannot be pushed smaller, so put into snow (or cloud ice, depending on ifrzs)

              crfrzf(mgs) = 0.0

              qrfrzf(mgs) = 0.0

              crfrzs(mgs) = crfrz(mgs)

              qrfrzs(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs)


              IF ( ipconc >= 6 .and. lzr > 1 ) THEN

                zrfrzs(mgs) = zrfrz(mgs)

                zrfrzf(mgs) = 0.

              ENDIF

           ELSEIF ( dbigg < max( biggsnowdiam, max(dfrz,dhmn)) .and. ( ibiggsnow == 1 .or. ibiggsnow == 3 ) ) THEN ! { convert some to snow or ice crystals

            ! temporarily store qrfrz and crfrz in snow terms and caclulate new crfrzf, qrfrzf, and zrfrzf. Leave crfrz etc. alone!


            crfrzs(mgs) = crfrz(mgs)

            qrfrzs(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs)


            IF ( ibiggsmallrain > 0 .and. xv(mgs,lr) < 1.2*xvmn(lr) ) THEN

             ! rain drops are so small that they cannot be pushed smaller, so put into snow (or cloud ice, depending on ifrzs)

            crfrzf(mgs) = 0.0

            qrfrzf(mgs) = 0.0


             IF (ipconc >= 6 .and. lzr > 1 ) THEN

               zrfrzs(mgs) = zrfrz(mgs)

               zrfrzf(mgs) = 0.

             ENDIF

            ELSE !{


           ! recalculate using dhmn for ratio

           ratio = min( maxratiolu, max(dfrz,dhmn)/xdia(mgs,lr,1) )


           i = min(nqiacrratio,int(ratio*dqiacrratioinv))

!           j = Int(Max(0.0,Min(15.,alpha(mgs,lr)))*dqiacralphainv)

!           j = Int(Max(alphamin,Min(alphamax,alpha(mgs,lr)))*dqiacralphainv)

           IF ( alp0flag ) THEN

           j = int(max(0.0,min(alphamax,alpha(mgs,lr)))*dqiacralphainv)

           ELSE

           j = int(max(minalphalu,min(maxalphalu,alpha(mgs,lr)))*dqiacralphainv)

           ENDIF

           delx = ratio - float(i)*dqiacrratio

           dely = alpha(mgs,lr) - float(j)*dqiacralpha

           ip1 = min( i+1, nqiacrratio )

           jp1 = min( j+1, nqiacralpha )


           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio;

           tmp1 = ciacrratio(i,j) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ciacrratio(ip1,j) - ciacrratio(i,j))

           tmp2 = ciacrratio(i,jp1) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ciacrratio(ip1,jp1) - ciacrratio(i,jp1))


           ! interpolate along alpha;


           crfrzf(mgs) = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv


           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio;

           tmp1 = qiacrratio(i,j) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(qiacrratio(ip1,j) - qiacrratio(i,j))

           tmp2 = qiacrratio(i,jp1) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(qiacrratio(ip1,jp1) - qiacrratio(i,jp1))


           ! interpolate along alpha;


           qrfrzf(mgs) = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv


           ! now subtract off the difference

            crfrzs(mgs) = crfrzs(mgs) - crfrzf(mgs)

            qrfrzs(mgs) = qrfrzs(mgs) - qrfrzf(mgs)


           IF ( ipconc >= 6 .and. lzr > 1 ) THEN

            zrfrzs(mgs) = zrfrz(mgs)

           ! interpolate along x, i.e., ratio;

            tmp1 = ziacrratio(i,j) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ziacrratio(ip1,j) - ziacrratio(i,j))

            tmp2 = ziacrratio(i,jp1) + delx*dqiacrratioinv*(ziacrratio(ip1,jp1) - ziacrratio(i,jp1))


           ! interpolate along alpha;


            zrfrzf(mgs) = (tmp1 + dely*dqiacralphainv*(tmp2 - tmp1))*zx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

            zrfrzs(mgs) = zrfrzs(mgs) - zrfrzf(mgs)

            zrfrzf(mgs) = (1000./900.)**2*zrfrzf(mgs)

           ENDIF

            ENDIF ! }

           ELSE

            crfrzs(mgs) = 0.0

            qrfrzs(mgs) = 0.0

            zrfrzs(mgs) = 0.0

           ENDIF ! }


           ENDIF !}


           IF ( (qrfrz(mgs))*dtp > qx(mgs,lr) ) THEN

             fac = ( qrfrz(mgs) )*dtp/qx(mgs,lr)

             qrfrz(mgs) = fac*qrfrz(mgs)

             qrfrzs(mgs) = fac*qrfrzs(mgs)

             qrfrzf(mgs) = fac*qrfrzf(mgs)

             crfrz(mgs) = fac*crfrz(mgs)

             crfrzs(mgs) = fac*crfrzs(mgs)

             crfrzf(mgs) = fac*crfrzf(mgs)

             IF ( ipconc >= 6 .and. lzr > 1 ) THEN

               zrfrz(mgs) = fac*zrfrz(mgs)

               zrfrzf(mgs) = fac*zrfrzf(mgs)

             ENDIF

           ENDIF


            ENDIF !}


!           IF ( (crfrzs(mgs) + crfrz(mgs))*dtp > cx(mgs,lr) ) THEN

!             fac = ( crfrzs(mgs) + crfrz(mgs) )*dtp/cx(mgs,lr)

!             crfrz(mgs) = fac*crfrz(mgs)

!             crfrzs(mgs) = fac*crfrzs(mgs)

!           ENDIF


!           qrfrzf(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs)

!           crfrzf(mgs) = crfrz(mgs)


   !        qrfrz(mgs) = qrfrzf(mgs) + qrfrzs(mgs)

   !        crfrz(mgs) = crfrzf(mgs) + crfrzs(mgs)


         ELSEIF ( ibiggopt == 1 ) THEN

         ! Z85, eq. A34

         tmp = xv(mgs,lr)*brz*cx(mgs,lr)*(exp(max( -arz*temcg(mgs), 0.0 )) - 1.0)

         IF ( .false. .and. tmp .gt. cxmxd(mgs,lr) ) THEN ! {

!           write(iunit,*) 'Bigg Freezing problem!',mgs,igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)

!           write(iunit,*)  'tmp, cx(lr), xv = ',tmp, cx(mgs,lr), xv(mgs,lr), (Exp(Max( -arz*temcg(mgs), 0.0 )) - 1.0)

!           write(iunit,*)  'qr,temcg = ',qx(mgs,lr)*1000.,temcg(mgs)

           crfrz(mgs) = cxmxd(mgs,lr) ! cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

           qrfrz(mgs) = qxmxd(mgs,lr) ! qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

!           STOP

         ELSE ! } {

         crfrz(mgs) = tmp

 !        crfrzfmx = cx(mgs,lr)*Exp(-4./3.*pi*(40.e-6)**3/xv(mgs,lr))

 !        IF ( crfrz(mgs) .gt. crfrzmx ) THEN

 !          crfrz(mgs) = crfrzmx

 !          qrfrz(mgs) = bfnu*xmas(mgs,lr)*rhoinv(mgs)*crfrzmx

 !          qwcnr(mgs) = cx(mgs,lr) - crfrzmx

 !        ELSE

         IF ( lzr < 1 ) THEN

           IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

             bfnu = bfnu0

           ELSE !imurain == 1

             bfnu = bfnu1

           ENDIF

         ELSE

 !         bfnu = 1.0 ! (alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.)

           IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

             bfnu = (alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.)

           ELSE !imurain == 1

!             bfnu = bfnu1

            bfnu = (4. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(5. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(6. + alpha(mgs,lr))/  &

     &            ((1. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(2. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(3. + alpha(mgs,lr)))

!            bfnu = 1.

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

         qrfrz(mgs) = bfnu*xmas(mgs,lr)*rhoinv(mgs)*crfrz(mgs)


         qrfrz(mgs) = min( qrfrz(mgs), 1.*qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv ) ! qxmxd(mgs,lr)

         crfrz(mgs) = min( crfrz(mgs), 1.*cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv ) !cxmxd(mgs,lr)

         qrfrz(mgs) = min( qrfrz(mgs), qx(mgs,lr) )

         qrfrzf(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs)

         ENDIF !}


         IF ( crfrz(mgs) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN !{ Yes, it compares cx and qxmin, but this is just to be sure that

                                                  ! crfrz is greater than zero in the division

!          IF ( xdia(mgs,lr,1) .lt. 200.e-6 ) THEN

!           IF ( xv(mgs,lr) .lt. xvmn(lh) ) THEN


           IF ( (ibiggsnow == 1 .or. ibiggsnow == 3 ) .and. ibiggopt /= 2 ) THEN

           xvfrz = rho0(mgs)*qrfrz(mgs)/(crfrz(mgs)*900.) ! mean volume of frozen drops; 900. for frozen drop density

           frach = 0.5 *(1. +  tanh(0.2e12 *( xvfrz - 1.15*xvmn(lh))))


             qrfrzs(mgs) = (1.-frach)*qrfrz(mgs)

             crfrzs(mgs) = (1.-frach)*crfrz(mgs) ! *rzxh(mgs)

!             qrfrzf(mgs) = frach*qrfrz(mgs)


           ENDIF


           IF ( ipconc .ge. 14 .and. 1.e-3*rho0(mgs)*qrfrz(mgs)/crfrz(mgs) .lt. xvmn(lh) ) THEN

             qrfrzs(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs)

             crfrzs(mgs) = crfrz(mgs) ! *rzxh(mgs)

           ELSE

!           crfrz(mgs) = Min( crfrz(mgs), 0.1*cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv ) ! cxmxd(mgs,lr)

!           qrfrz(mgs) = Min( qrfrz(mgs), 0.1*qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv ) ! qxmxd(mgs,lr)

             qrfrzf(mgs) = frach*qrfrz(mgs)

!             crfrzf(mgs) = Min( qrfrz(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*vgra), crfrz(mgs) )

            IF ( ibfr .le. 1 ) THEN

             crfrzf(mgs) = frach*min(crfrz(mgs), qrfrz(mgs)/(bfnu*1.0*vr1mm*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) ) ! rzxh(mgs)*crfrz(mgs)

            ELSEIF ( ibfr .eq. 5 ) THEN

             crfrzf(mgs) = frach*min(crfrz(mgs), qrfrz(mgs)/(bfnu*vfrz*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) )*rzxh(mgs)  !*crfrz(mgs)

            ELSEIF ( ibfr .eq. 2 ) THEN

             crfrzf(mgs) = frach*min(crfrz(mgs), qrfrz(mgs)/(bfnu*vfrz*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) ) ! rzxh(mgs)*crfrz(mgs)

            ELSEIF ( ibfr .eq. 6 ) THEN

             crfrzf(mgs) = frach*max(crfrz(mgs), qrfrz(mgs)/(bfnu*9.*xv(mgs,lr)*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) ) ! rzxh(mgs)*crfrz(mgs)

            ELSE

             crfrzf(mgs) = frach*crfrz(mgs)

            ENDIF

!             crfrzf(mgs) = Min(crfrz(mgs), qrfrz(mgs)/(bfnu*xvmn(lh)*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) ) ! rzxh(mgs)*crfrz(mgs)

!            IF ( lz(lr) > 1 .and. lz(lh) > 1 ) THEN

!              crfrzf(mgs) = crfrz(mgs)

!            ENDIF


           ENDIF

!         crfrz(mgs) = Min( cxmxd(mgs,lr), rho0(mgs)*qrfrz(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lr) )

         ELSE

          crfrz(mgs) = 0.0

          qrfrz(mgs) = 0.0

         ENDIF !}


         ENDIF ! ibiggopt


          IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 ) THEN

           vrfrzf(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qrfrzf(mgs)/rhofrz

          ENDIF


        IF ( nsplinter .ne. 0 ) THEN

          IF ( nsplinter .ge. 1000 ) THEN

           ! Lawson et al. 2015 JAS

           ! ave. diam of freezing drops in microns

            tmp = 0

            IF ( qrfrz(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lh) .and. crfrz(mgs) > 1.e-3 ) THEN

              tmpdiam = 1.e6*( 6.*qrfrz(mgs)/(1000.*pi*crfrz(mgs) ))**(1./3.)  ! avg. diameter of newly frozen drops in microns

              fac = 1.0

              IF ( nsplinter .eq. 1001 ) THEN

             !   fac = 0.2/sqrt(2.0*pi*10.**2)*Exp(-0.5*((258.-temg(mgs))/10.)**2 ) ! temperature dependence from Sullivan et al. 2018 ACP

             ! ELSE

                fac = 0.2*exp(-0.5*((258.-temg(mgs))/10.)**2 ) ! temperature dependence from Sullivan et al. 2018 ACP

              ENDIF

              tmp = fac*lawson_splinter_fac*tmpdiam**4*crfrz(mgs)

            ENDIF

          ELSEIF ( nsplinter .gt. 0 ) THEN

            tmp = nsplinter*crfrz(mgs)

          ELSE

            tmp = -nsplinter*crfrzf(mgs)

          ENDIF

          csplinter2(mgs) = tmp

          qsplinter2(mgs) = min(0.1*qrfrz(mgs), tmp*splintermass/rho0(mgs) ) ! makes splinters smaller if too much mass is taken from graupel


!          csplinter(mgs) = csplinter(mgs) + tmp

!          qsplinter(mgs) = qsplinter(mgs) + Min(0.1*qrfrz(mgs), tmp*splintermass/rho0(mgs) ) ! makes splinters smaller if too much mass is taken from graupel

        ENDIF

!         IF ( temcg(mgs) .lt. -31.0 ) THEN

!           qrfrz(mgs) = qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv + qrcnw(mgs)

!           qrfrzf(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs)

!           crfrz(mgs) = cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv + crcnw(mgs)

!           crfrzf(mgs) = Min(crfrz(mgs), qrfrz(mgs)/(bfnu*1.0*vr1mm*1000.0)*rho0(mgs) ) ! rzxh(mgs)*crfrz(mgs)

!         ENDIF

!         qrfrz(mgs) = 6.0*xdn(mgs,lr)*xv(mgs,lr)**2*tmp*rhoinv(mgs)

!         qrfrz(mgs) = Min( qrfrz(mgs), ffrz*qrmxd(mgs) )

!         crfrz(mgs) = Min( crmxd(mgs), ffrz*crfrz(mgs))

!         crfrz(mgs) = Min(crmxd(mgs),qrfrz(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,lr))

       ENDIF

!      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 268.15 ) then

      else

!      end if

      end if

      end do


      ENDIF

!

!  Homogeneous freezing of cloud drops to ice crystals

!  following Bigg (1953) and Ferrier (1994).

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'conc 25b'

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qwfrz(mgs) = 0.0

      cwfrz(mgs) = 0.0

      qwfrzc(mgs) = 0.0

      cwfrzc(mgs) = 0.0

      qwfrzp(mgs) = 0.0

      cwfrzp(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( ibfc .ge. 1 .and. ibfc /= 3 .and. temg(mgs) < 268.15 ) THEN

!      if ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .gt. 1.  .and.   &

!     &     .not. (ipconc .ge. 2 .and. xdia(mgs,lc,1) .lt. 10.e-6) ) then

      if ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. cx(mgs,lc) .gt. cxmin ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc < 2 ) THEN

      qwfrz(mgs) = ((2.0)*(brz)/(xdn(mgs,lc)*cx(mgs,lc)))   &

     &  *(exp(max(-arz*temcg(mgs), 0.0))-1.0)   &

     &  *rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lc)**2)

      qwfrz(mgs) = max(qwfrz(mgs), 0.0)

      qwfrz(mgs) = min(qwfrz(mgs),qcmxd(mgs))

         cwfrz(mgs) = qwfrz(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,li)

       ELSEIF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

         IF ( xdia(mgs,lc,3) > 0.e-6 ) THEN

          volt = exp( 16.2 + 1.0*temcg(mgs) )* 1.0e-6 !  Ts == -temcg ; volt comes from the fit in Fig. 1 in Bigg 1953

                                               ! for mean temperature for freezing: -ln (V) = a*Ts - b

                                               ! volt is given in cm**3, so factor of 1.e-6 to convert to m**3

!           dbigg = (6./pi* volt )**(1./3.)


         IF (  alpha(mgs,lc) == 0.0 ) THEN

         cwfrz(mgs) = cx(mgs,lc)*exp(-volt/xv(mgs,lc))*dtpinv ! number of droplets with volume greater than volt

!turn off limit so that all can freeze at low temp

!!!       cwfrz(mgs) = Min(cwfrz(mgs),ccmxd(mgs))


         qwfrz(mgs) = cwfrz(mgs)*xdn0(lc)*rhoinv(mgs)*(volt + xv(mgs,lc))

          ELSE

            ratio = (1. + alpha(mgs,lc))*volt/xv(mgs,lc)


            IF ( .false. .and. usegamxinfcnu ) THEN

              i = nint(dgami*(1. + alpha(mgs,lc)))

              gcnup1 = gmoi(i)

              i = nint(dgami*(2. + alpha(mgs,lc)))

              gcnup2 = gmoi(i)


              cwfrz(mgs) = cx(mgs,lc)*gamxinf(1.+alpha(mgs,lc), ratio)/(dtp*gcnup1) ! gamxinflu(i,j,1,1)


              qwfrz(mgs) = cx(mgs,lc)*xdn0(lc)*xv(mgs,lc)*rhoinv(mgs)*gamxinf(2.+alpha(mgs,lc), ratio)/(dtp*gcnup2) !  gamxinflu(i,j,12,1)


            ELSE


              ratio = min( maxratiolu, ratio )

!              write(0,*) 'cwfrz: temp,ratio = ',temcg(mgs),ratio

!              write(0,*) 'cwfrz: xv,volt,qx = ',xv(mgs,lc),volt,qx(mgs,lc)

!              write(0,*) 'cwfrz: i,j,k = ',igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)

              tmp = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lc),1,1)

!              write(0,*) 'cwfrz: tmp1 = ',tmp

              cwfrz(mgs) = cx(mgs,lc)*tmp*dtpinv ! Gamxinf(1.+alpha(mgs,lc), ratio)/(dtp*gcnup1) ! gamxinflu(i,j,1,1)


              tmp = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lc),12,1)

!              write(0,*) 'cwfrz: tmp2 = ',tmp

              qwfrz(mgs) = cx(mgs,lc)*xdn0(lc)*xv(mgs,lc)*rhoinv(mgs)*dtpinv*tmp ! Gamxinf(2.+alpha(mgs,lc), ratio)/(dtp*gcnup2) !  gamxinflu(i,j,12,1)


            ENDIF


          ENDIF


         ENDIF

       ENDIF

      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. 268.15 ) then

      qwfrz(mgs) = 0.0

      cwfrz(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

      end if

      ENDIF

!

        if ( xplate(mgs) .eq. 1 ) then

          qwfrzp(mgs) = qwfrz(mgs)

          cwfrzp(mgs) = cwfrz(mgs)

        end if

!

        if ( xcolmn(mgs) .eq. 1 ) then

          qwfrzc(mgs) = qwfrz(mgs)

          cwfrzc(mgs) = cwfrz(mgs)

        end if


!

!     qwfrzp(mgs) = 0.0

!     qwfrzc(mgs) = qwfrz(mgs)

!

      end do

!

!

!  Contact freezing nucleation:  factor is to convert from L-1

!  T < -2C:  via Meyers et al. JAM July, 1992 (31, 708-721)

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'conc 25a'

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


       ccia(mgs) = 0.0


       cwctfz(mgs) = 0.0

       qwctfz(mgs) = 0.0

       ctfzbd(mgs) = 0.0

       ctfzth(mgs) = 0.0

       ctfzdi(mgs) = 0.0


       cwctfzc(mgs) = 0.0

       qwctfzc(mgs) = 0.0

       cwctfzp(mgs) = 0.0

       qwctfzp(mgs) = 0.0

       IF ( icfn .ge. 1 ) THEN


       IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. 271.15  .and. qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc)) THEN


!       find available # of ice nuclei & limit value to max depletion of cloud water


        IF ( icfn .ge. 2 ) THEN

         ccia(mgs) = exp( 4.11 - (0.262)*temcg(mgs) )  ! in m-3, see Walko et al. 1995; 1000*exp(-2.8 -b*t) = exp(6.91)*exp(-2.8 - b*t) = exp(4.11 -b*t)

         !ccia(mgs) = Min(cwctfz(mgs), ccmxd(mgs) )


!       now find how many of these collect cloud water to form IN

!       Cotton et al 1986


         knud(mgs) = 2.28e-5 * temg(mgs) / ( pres(mgs)*raero ) !Walko et al. 1995

         knuda(mgs) = 1.257 + 0.4*exp(-1.1/knud(mgs))          !Pruppacher & Klett 1997 eqn 11-16

         gtp(mgs) = 1. / ( fai(mgs) + fbi(mgs) )               !Byers 65 / Cotton 72b

         dfar(mgs) = kb*temg(mgs)*(1.+knuda(mgs)*knud(mgs))/(6.*pi*fadvisc(mgs)*raero) !P&K 1997 eqn 11-15

         fn1(mgs) = 2.*pi*xdia(mgs,lc,1)*cx(mgs,lc)*ccia(mgs)

         fn2(mgs) = -gtp(mgs)*(ssw(mgs)-1.)*felv(mgs)/pres(mgs)

         fnft(mgs) = 0.4*(1.+1.45*knud(mgs)+0.4*knud(mgs)*exp(-1./knud(mgs)))*(ftka(mgs)+2.5*knud(mgs)*kaero)      &

     &              / ( (1.+3.*knud(mgs))*(2*ftka(mgs)+5.*knud(mgs)*kaero+kaero) )


!      Brownian diffusion

         ctfzbd(mgs) = fn1(mgs)*dfar(mgs)


!      Thermophoretic contact nucleation

         ctfzth(mgs) = fn1(mgs)*fn2(mgs)*fnft(mgs)/rho0(mgs)


!      Diffusiophoretic contact nucleation

         ctfzdi(mgs) = fn1(mgs)*fn2(mgs)*rw*temg(mgs)/(felv(mgs)*rho0(mgs))


         cwctfz(mgs) = max( ctfzbd(mgs) + ctfzth(mgs) + ctfzdi(mgs) , 0.)


!      Sum of the contact nucleation processes

!         IF ( cx(mgs,lc) .gt. 1.e6) write(0,*) 'ctfzbd,etc = ',cwctfz(mgs),ctfzbd(mgs),ctfzth(mgs),ctfzdi(mgs)

!         IF ( wvel(mgs) .lt. -0.05 ) write(6,*) 'ctfzbd,etc = ',ctfzbd(mgs),ctfzth(mgs),ctfzdi(mgs),cx(mgs,lc)*1e-6,wvel(mgs)

!         IF ( ssw(mgs) .lt. 1.0 .and. cx(mgs,lc) .gt. 1.e6 .and. cwctfz(mgs) .gt. 1. ) THEN

!          write(6,*) 'ctfzbd,etc = ',ctfzbd(mgs),ctfzth(mgs),ctfzdi(mgs),cx(mgs,lc)*1e-6,wvel(mgs),fn1(mgs),fn2(mgs)

!          write(6,*) 'more = ',nstep,ssw(mgs),dfar(mgs),gtp(mgs),felv(mgs),pres(mgs)

!         ENDIF


        ELSEIF ( icfn .eq. 1 ) THEN

         IF ( wvel(mgs) .lt. -0.05 ) THEN ! older kludgy version

           cwctfz(mgs) = cfnfac*exp( (-2.80) - (0.262)*temcg(mgs) )

           cwctfz(mgs) = min((1.0e3)*cwctfz(mgs), ccmxd(mgs) )  !convert to m-3

         ENDIF

        ENDIF   ! icfn


        IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

         cwctfz(mgs) = min( cwctfz(mgs)*dtpinv, ccmxd(mgs) )

         qwctfz(mgs) = xmas(mgs,lc)*cwctfz(mgs)/rho0(mgs)

        ELSE

         qwctfz(mgs) = (cimasn)*cwctfz(mgs)/(dtp*rho0(mgs))

         qwctfz(mgs) = max(qwctfz(mgs), 0.0)

         qwctfz(mgs) = min(qwctfz(mgs),qcmxd(mgs))

        ENDIF


!

        if ( xplate(mgs) .eq. 1 ) then

         qwctfzp(mgs) = qwctfz(mgs)

         cwctfzp(mgs) = cwctfz(mgs)

        end if

!

        if ( xcolmn(mgs) .eq. 1 ) then

         qwctfzc(mgs) = qwctfz(mgs)

         cwctfzc(mgs) = cwctfz(mgs)

        end if


!        IF ( cwctfz(mgs)*dtp > 0.5 .and. dtp*qwctfz(mgs) > qxmin(li) ) THEN

!          write(91,*) 'cwctfz: ',cwctfz(mgs),qwctfz(mgs) ! ,cwctfzc(mgs),qwctfzc(mgs)

!        ENDIF


!

!     qwctfzc(mgs) = qwctfz(mgs)

!     qwctfzp(mgs) = 0.0

!

       end if


       ENDIF ! icfn


      end do

!

!

!

! Hobbs-Rangno ice enhancement (Ferrier, 1994)

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'conc 23a'

      dthr = 300.0

      hrifac = (1.e-3)*((0.044)*(0.01**3))

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      ciihr(mgs) = 0.0

      qiihr(mgs) = 0.0

      cicichr(mgs) = 0.0

      qicichr(mgs) = 0.0

      cipiphr(mgs) = 0.0

      qipiphr(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( ihrn .ge. 1 ) THEN

      if ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) ) then

      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.15 ) then

!      write(iunit,'(3(1x,i3),3(1x,1pe12.5))')

!     : igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),cx(mgs,lc),rho0(mgs),qx(mgs,lc)

!      write(iunit,'(1pe15.6)')

!     :  log(cx(mgs,lc)*(1.e-6)/(3.0)),

!     :  ((1.e-3)*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)),

!     :  (cx(mgs,lc)*(1.e-6)),

!     : ((1.e-3)*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc))/(cx(mgs,lc)*(1.e-6)),

!     : (alog(cx(mgs,lc)*(1.e-6)/(3.0)) *

!     >  ((1.e-3)*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc))/(cx(mgs,lc)*(1.e-6)))


      IF ( log(cx(mgs,lc)*(1.e-6)/(3.0)) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

      ciihr(mgs) = ((1.69e17)/dthr)   &

     & *(log(cx(mgs,lc)*(1.e-6)/(3.0)) *   &

     &  ((1.e-3)*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc))/(cx(mgs,lc)*(1.e-6)))**(7./3.)

      ciihr(mgs) = ciihr(mgs)*(1.0e6)

      qiihr(mgs) = hrifac*ciihr(mgs)/rho0(mgs)

      qiihr(mgs) = max(qiihr(mgs), 0.0)

      qiihr(mgs) = min(qiihr(mgs),qcmxd(mgs))

      ENDIF

!

      if ( xplate(mgs) .eq. 1 ) then

      qipiphr(mgs) = qiihr(mgs)

      cipiphr(mgs) = ciihr(mgs)

      end if

!

      if ( xcolmn(mgs) .eq. 1 ) then

      qicichr(mgs) = qiihr(mgs)

      cicichr(mgs) = ciihr(mgs)

      end if

!

!     qipiphr(mgs) = 0.0

!     qicichr(mgs) = qiihr(mgs)

!

      end if

      end if

      ENDIF ! ihrn

      end do

!

!

!

!  simple frozen rain to hail conversion.  All of the

!  frozen rain larger than 5.0e-3 m in diameter are converted

!  to hail.  This is done by considering the equation for

!  frozen rain mixing ratio:

!

!

!  qfw = [ cno(lf) * pi * fwdn / (6 rhoair) ]

!

!         /inf

!      *  |     fwdia*3 exp(-dia/fwdia) d(dia)

!         /Do

!

!  The amount to be reclassified as hail is the integral above from

!  Do to inf where Do is 5.0e-3 m.

!

!

!  qfauh = [ cno(lf) * pi * fwdn / (6 rhoair) ]

!

!


      hdia0 = 300.0e-6

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qscnvi(mgs) = 0.0

      cscnvi(mgs) = 0.0

      cscnvis(mgs) = 0.0

!      IF ( .false. ) THEN

!      IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr .and. ssi(mgs) .gt. 1.01 .and. qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

      IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr .and. qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

        IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 .and. .false. ) THEN

         if ( cx(mgs,li) .gt. 10. .and. xdia(mgs,li,1) .gt. 50.e-6 ) then !{

         cirdiatmp =   &

     &  (qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)   &

     & /(pi*xdn(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,li)))**(1./3.)

          IF ( cirdiatmp .gt. 100.e-6 ) THEN !{

          qscnvi(mgs) =   &

     &  ((pi*xdn(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,li)) / (6.0*rho0(mgs)*dtp))   &

     & *exp(-hdia0/cirdiatmp)   &

     & *( (hdia0**3) + 3.0*(hdia0**2)*cirdiatmp   &

     &  + 6.0*(hdia0)*(cirdiatmp**2) + 6.0*(cirdiatmp**3) )

      qscnvi(mgs) =   &

     &  min(qscnvi(mgs),qimxd(mgs))

          IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN

            cscnvi(mgs) = min( cimxd(mgs), cx(mgs,li)*exp(-hdia0/cirdiatmp))

          ENDIF

         ENDIF  ! }

        end if ! }


       ELSEIF ( ipconc .lt. 4 ) THEN


        qscnvi(mgs) = 0.001*eii(mgs)*max((qx(mgs,li)-1.e-3),0.0)

        qscnvi(mgs) = min(qscnvi(mgs),qxmxd(mgs,li))

        cscnvi(mgs) = qscnvi(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,li)

        cscnvis(mgs) = 0.5*cscnvi(mgs)


       ENDIF

      ENDIF

!      ENDIF

      end do


!

!  Ventilation coeficients

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      fvent(mgs) = (fschm(mgs)**(1./3.)) * (fakvisc(mgs)**(-0.5))

      end do

!

!

      if ( ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'civent'

!

      civenta = 1.258e4

      civentb = 2.331

      civentc = 5.662e4

      civentd = 2.373

      civente = 0.8241

      civentf = -0.042

      civentg = 1.70


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( icond .eq. 1 .or. temg(mgs) .le. tfrh    &

     &      .or. (qx(mgs,lr) .le. qxmin(lr) .and. qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc)) ) THEN

      IF ( qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

      cireyn =   &

     &  (civenta*xdia(mgs,li,1)**civentb   &

     &  +civentc*xdia(mgs,li,1)**civentd)   &

     &  /   &

     &  (civente*xdia(mgs,li,1)**civentf+civentg)

      xcivent = (fschm(mgs)**(1./3.))*((cireyn/fakvisc(mgs))**0.5)

      if ( xcivent .lt. 1.0 ) then

      civent(mgs) = 1.0 + 0.14*xcivent**2

      end if

      if ( xcivent .ge. 1.0 ) then

      civent(mgs) = 0.86 + 0.28*xcivent

      end if

      ELSE

       civent(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF


      ENDIF ! icond .eq. 1

      end do


!

!

      igmrwa = 100.0*2.0

      igmrwb = 100.*((5.0+br)/2.0)

      rwventa = (0.78)*gmoi(igmrwa)  ! 0.78

      rwventb = (0.308)*gmoi(igmrwb) ! 0.562825

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

        IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

          IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

           IF ( izwisventr == 1 ) THEN

            rwvent(mgs) = ventrx(mgs)*(1.6 + 124.9*(1.e-3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr))**.2046)

           ELSE ! izwisventr = 2

!  Following Wisner et al. (1972) but using gamma of volume. Note that Ferrier rain fall speed does not integrate with gamma of volume, so using Vr = ar*d^br

          rwvent(mgs) =   &

     &  (0.78*ventrx(mgs) + 0.308*ventrxn(mgs)*fvent(mgs)   &

     &   *sqrt((ar*rhovt(mgs)))   &

     &    *(xdia(mgs,lr,1)**((1.0+br)/2.0)) )

           ENDIF


          ELSE ! imurain == 1

       ! linear interpolation of complete gamma function

!        tmp = 2. + alpha(mgs,lr)

!        i = Int(dgami*(tmp))

!        del = tmp - dgam*i

!        x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        IF ( iferwisventr == 1 ) THEN


  ! Ferrier fall speed in the ventillation term [uses fx(lr) ]


        alpr = min(alpharmax,alpha(mgs,lr) )


        x =  1. + alpha(mgs,lr)


        IF ( ipconc >= 6 .and. lzr > 1 ) THEN ! 3 moment

        tmp = 1. + alpr ! alpha(mgs,lr)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        g1palp = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = 2.5 + alpha(mgs,lr) + 0.5*bx(lr)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        y = (gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami)/g1palp ! ratio of gamma functions

        ELSE

         y = ventrxn(mgs)

        ENDIF


!         vent1 = dble(xdia(mgs,lr,1))**(-2. - alpr) ! Actually OK

!         vent2 = dble(1./xdia(mgs,lr,1) + 0.5*fx(lr))**dble(2.5+alpr+0.5*bx(lr))  ! Actually OK

         vent1 = dble(xdia(mgs,lr,1))**(0.5 + 0.5*bx(lr)) ! 2016.2.26 Changed for consistency with derivation (recast formula -- should be equivalent)

         vent2 = dble(1. + 0.5*fx(lr)*xdia(mgs,lr,1))**dble(2.5+alpr+0.5*bx(lr))


        rwvent(mgs) =    &

     &    0.78*x +    &

     &    0.308*fvent(mgs)*y*   &

     &            sqrt(ax(lr)*rhovt(mgs))*(vent1/vent2)


        rwventz(mgs) = 0.0


!        rwventz(mgs) =    &

!     &    0.78*x +    &

!     &    0.308*fvent(mgs)*y*   &

!     &            Sqrt(ax(lr)*rhovt(mgs))*(vent1/vent2)


        ELSEIF ( iferwisventr == 2 ) THEN


!  Following Wisner et al. (1972) but using gamma of volume. Note that Ferrier rain fall speed does not integrate with gamma of volume, so using Vr = ar*d^br

         x =  1. + alpha(mgs,lr)


           rwvent(mgs) =   &

     &  (0.78*x + 0.308*ventrxn(mgs)*fvent(mgs)   &

     &   *sqrt((ar*rhovt(mgs)))   &

     &    *(xdia(mgs,lr,1)**((1.0+br)/2.0)) )


        IF ( ipconc >= 7 ) THEN

        ! vent coeff. for reflectivity rate from evaporation

        alpr = min(alpharmax,alpha(mgs,lr) )


           tmp = alpr + 5.5 + br/2.

           i = int(dgami*(tmp))

           del = tmp - dgam*i

           y = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


!        rwventz(mgs) =    &

!     &    0.78*(4. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(3. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(2. + alpha(mgs,lr))*(1. + alpha(mgs,lr)) +    &

        rwventz(mgs) =    &

     &    0.78*(4. + alpr)*(3. + alpr)*(2. + alpr)*(1. + alpr) +    &

     &    0.308*fvent(mgs)*   &

     &            sqrt(ax(lr)*rhovt(mgs))*(y/gf1palp(mgs))*(xdia(mgs,lr,1)**((1.0+br)/2.0))


        ENDIF


          ENDIF ! iferwisventr


          ENDIF ! imurain

        ELSE

         rwvent(mgs) =   &

     &  (rwventa + rwventb*fvent(mgs)   &

     &   *sqrt((ar*rhovt(mgs)))   &

     &    *(xdia(mgs,lr,1)**((1.0+br)/2.0)) )

        ENDIF

      ELSE

       rwvent(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF

      end do

!

      igmswa = 100.0*2.0

      igmswb = 100.*((5.0+ds)/2.0)

      swventa = (0.78)*gmoi(igmswa)

      swventb = (0.308)*gmoi(igmswb)

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( qx(mgs,ls) .gt. qxmin(ls) ) THEN

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN

      swvent(mgs) = 0.65 + 0.44*fvent(mgs)*sqrt(vtxbar(mgs,ls,1)*xdia(mgs,ls,1))

      ELSE

! 10-ice version:

       swvent(mgs) =   &

     &  (swventa + swventb*fvent(mgs)   &

     &   *sqrt((cs*rhovt(mgs)))   &

     &   *(xdia(mgs,ls,1)**((1.0+ds)/2.0)) )

      ENDIF

      ELSE

      swvent(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF

      end do

!

!


      igmhwa = 100.0*2.0

      igmhwb = 100.0*2.75

      hwventa = (0.78)*gmoi(igmhwa)

      hwventb = (0.308)*gmoi(igmhwb)

!      hwventc = (4.0*gr/(3.0*cdx(lh)))**(0.25)

      hwvent(:) = 0.0

      hwventy(:) = 0.0


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN

       hwventc = (4.0*gr/(3.0*cdxgs(mgs,lh)))**(0.25)

       IF ( .false. .or. alpha(mgs,lh) .eq. 0.0 ) THEN

        hwvent(mgs) =   &

     &  ( hwventa + hwventb*hwventc*fvent(mgs)   &

     &    *((xdn(mgs,lh)/rho0(mgs))**(0.25))   &

     &    *(xdia(mgs,lh,1)**(0.75)))

       ELSE ! Ferrier 1994, eq. B.36

       ! linear interpolation of complete gamma function

!        tmp = 2. + alpha(mgs,lh)

!        i = Int(dgami*(tmp))

!        del = tmp - dgam*i

!        x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


! note that hwvent includes a division by Gamma(1+alpha), so Gamma(2+alpha)/Gamma(1+alpha) = 1 + alpha

! and g1palp = Gamma(1+alpha) divides into y

        x =  1. + alpha(mgs,lh)


        tmp = 1 + alpha(mgs,lh)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        g1palp = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = 2.5 + alpha(mgs,lh) + 0.5*bxx(mgs,lh)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        y = (gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami)/g1palp


        hwventy(mgs) = 0.308*fvent(mgs)*(xdia(mgs,lh,1)**(0.5 + 0.5*bxx(mgs,lh)))*sqrt(axx(mgs,lh)*rhovt(mgs))

        hwvent(mgs) =    &

     &  ( 0.78*x +  y*hwventy(mgs) ) !   &

!     &    0.308*fvent(mgs)*y*(xdia(mgs,lh,1)**(0.5 + 0.5*bxx(mgs,lh)))*   &

!     &            Sqrt(axx(mgs,lh)*rhovt(mgs)) )


       ENDIF

      ELSE

      hwvent(mgs) = 0.0

      hwventy(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF

      end do


      hlvent(:) = 0.0

      hlventy(:) = 0.0


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      igmhwa = 100.0*2.0

      igmhwb = 100.0*2.75

      hwventa = (0.78)*gmoi(igmhwa)

      hwventb = (0.308)*gmoi(igmhwb)

!      hwventc = (4.0*gr/(3.0*cdx(lhl)))**(0.25)

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

      hwventc = (4.0*gr/(3.0*cdxgs(mgs,lhl)))**(0.25)


       IF ( .false. .or. alpha(mgs,lhl) .eq. 0.0 ) THEN

        hlvent(mgs) =   &

     &  ( hwventa + hwventb*hwventc*fvent(mgs)   &

     &    *((xdn(mgs,lhl)/rho0(mgs))**(0.25))   &

     &    *(xdia(mgs,lhl,1)**(0.75)))

       ELSE ! Ferrier 1994, eq. B.36

       ! linear interpolation of complete gamma function

!        tmp = 2. + alpha(mgs,lhl)

!        i = Int(dgami*(tmp))

!        del = tmp - dgam*i

!        x = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


! note that hlvent includes a division by Gamma(1+alpha), so x = Gamma(2+alpha)/Gamma(1+alpha) = 1 + alpha

! and g1palp = Gamma(1+alpha) divides into y


        x =  1. + alpha(mgs,lhl)


        tmp = 1 + alpha(mgs,lhl)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        g1palp = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


        tmp = 2.5 + alpha(mgs,lhl) + 0.5*bxx(mgs,lhl)

        i = int(dgami*(tmp))

        del = tmp - dgam*i

        y = (gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami)/g1palp ! ratio of gamma functions


        hlventy(mgs) = 0.308*fvent(mgs)*(xdia(mgs,lhl,1)**(0.5 + 0.5*bxx(mgs,lhl)))*sqrt(axx(mgs,lhl)*rhovt(mgs))


        hlvent(mgs) =  0.78*x + y*hlventy(mgs)  !   &

!     &    0.308*fvent(mgs)*y*(xdia(mgs,lhl,1)**(0.5 + 0.5*bxx(mgs,lhl)))*   &

!     &            Sqrt(axx(mgs,lhl)*rhovt(mgs)))

!     :            Sqrt(xdn(mgs,lhl)*ax(lhl)*rhovt(mgs)/rg0))/tmp


        ENDIF

       ENDIF

      end do

      ENDIF


!

!

!

!  Wet growth constants

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      fwet1(mgs) =   &

     & (2.0*pi)*   &

     & ( felv(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*rho0(mgs)*(qss0(mgs)-qx(mgs,lv))   &

     &  -ftka(mgs)*temcg(mgs) )   &

     & / ( rho0(mgs)*(felf(mgs)+fcw(mgs)*temcg(mgs)) )

      fwet2(mgs) =   &

     &  (1.0)-fci(mgs)*temcg(mgs)   &

     & / ( felf(mgs)+fcw(mgs)*temcg(mgs) )

      end do

!

!  Melting constants

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      fmlt1(mgs) = (2.0*pi)*   &

     &  ( felv(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*(qss0(mgs)-qx(mgs,lv))   &

     &   -ftka(mgs)*temcg(mgs)/rho0(mgs) )    &

     &  / (felf(mgs))

      fmlt2(mgs) = -fcw(mgs)*temcg(mgs)/felf(mgs)

      fmlt1e(mgs) = (2.0*pi)*   &

     &  ( felv(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*(qss0(mgs)-qx(mgs,lv))  ) / (felf(mgs))

      end do

!

!  Vapor Deposition constants

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      fvds(mgs) =    &

     &  (4.0*pi/rho0(mgs))*(ssi(mgs)-1.0)*   &

     &  (1.0/(fai(mgs)+fbi(mgs)))

      end do

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      fvce(mgs) =    &

     &  (4.0*pi/rho0(mgs))*(ssw(mgs)-1.0)*   &

     &  (1.0/(fav(mgs)+fbv(mgs)))

      end do


!

!  deposition, sublimation, and melting of snow, graupel and hail

!

      qsmlr(:) = 0.0

      qimlr(:) = 0.0 ! this is not used. qi melts to qc way down in the code.

      qhmlr(:) = 0.0

      qhlmlr(:) = 0.0

      IF ( lhwlg > 1 ) THEN

        qhmlrlg(:) = 0.0

        qhlmlrlg(:) = 0.0

      ENDIF

      qhfzh(:) = 0.0

      qffzf(:) = 0.0

      qhlfzhl(:) = 0.0

      qhfzhlg(:) = 0.0

      qhlfzhllg(:) = 0.0

      vhfzh(:) = 0.0

      vffzf(:) = 0.0

      vhlfzhl(:) = 0.0

      qsfzs(:) = 0.0

!      zsmlr(:) = 0.0

      zhmlr(:) = 0.0

      zhmlrr(:) = 0.0

      zsmlrr(:) = 0.0

      zhshr(:) = 0.0

      zhlmlr(:) = 0.0

      zhlshr(:) = 0.0


      zhshrr(:) = 0.0

      zhlmlrr(:) = 0.0

      zhlshrr(:) = 0.0


      csmlr(:) = 0.0

      csmlrr(:) = 0.0

      chmlr(:) = 0.0

      chmlrr(:) = 0.0

      chlmlr(:) = 0.0

      chlfmlr(:) = 0.0

!      chlmlrsave(:) = 0.0

!      qhlmlrsave(:) = 0.0

!      chlsave(:) = 0.0

!      qhlsave(:) = 0.0

      chlmlrr(:) = 0.0


      if ( .not. mixedphase ) then !{

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

      IF ( temg(mgs) .gt. tfr ) THEN


      IF (  qx(mgs,ls) .gt. qxmin(ls) ) THEN

      qsmlr(mgs) =   &

     &   min(   &

     &  (c1sw*fmlt1(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)*swvent(mgs)*xdia(mgs,ls,1) ) & ! /rhosm    &

     &   , 0.0 )

      ENDIF


!       IF ( qx(mgs,ls) .gt. 0.1e-4 ) write(0,*) 'qsmlr: ',qsmlr(mgs),qx(mgs,ls),cx(mgs,ls),fmlt1(mgs),

!     :        temcg(mgs),swvent(mgs),xdia(mgs,ls,1),qss0(mgs)-qx(mgs,lv)

!      ELSE

!       qsmlr(mgs) = 0.0

!      ENDIF

! 10ice version:

!     >   min(

!     >  (fmlt1(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)*swvent(mgs)*xdia(mgs,ls,1) +

!     >   fmlt2(mgs)*(qsacr(mgs)+qsacw(mgs)) )

!     <   , 0.0 )


      IF (  qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) ) THEN


      IF ( ibinhmlr == 0 .or. lzh < 1 ) THEN

       qhmlr(mgs) =   &

     &   meltfac*min(   &

     &  fmlt1(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*hwvent(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)   &

     &  + fmlt2(mgs)*(qhacrmlr(mgs)+qhacwmlr(mgs))    &

     &   , 0.0 )

       ELSEIF ( ibinhmlr == 1 ) THEN ! use incomplete gamma functions to approximate the bin results


         errmsg = 'ibinhmlr = 1 not available for 2-moment'

         errflg = 1

         RETURN


       ELSEIF ( ibinhmlr == 2 .or. ibinhmlr == 3 ) THEN


       ENDIF


       IF ( ivhmltsoak > 0 .and. qhmlr(mgs) < 0.0 .and. lvol(lh) > 1 .and. xdn(mgs,lh) .lt. xdnmx(lh) ) THEN

         ! act as if 100% of the meltwater were soaked into the graupel

           v1 = (1. - xdn(mgs,lh)/xdnmx(lh))*(vx(mgs,lh) + rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lh) )/(dtp) ! volume available for filling

           v2 = -1.0*rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/xdnmx(lh)  ! volume of melted ice if it were refrozen in the matrix


           vhsoak(mgs) = min(v1,v2)


       ENDIF


      ENDIF !  qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh)


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1  .and. lhlw < 1 ) THEN


       IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

         IF ( ibinhlmlr == 0  .or. lzhl < 1) THEN

       qhlmlr(mgs) =   &

     &   meltfac*min(   &

     &  fmlt1(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*hlvent(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)   &

     &  + fmlt2(mgs)*(qhlacrmlr(mgs)+qhlacwmlr(mgs))    &

     &   , 0.0 )


       ELSEIF ( ibinhlmlr == 1 ) THEN ! use incomplete gamma functions to approximate the bin results


       ELSEIF ( ibinhlmlr == -1 ) THEN ! OLD VERSION use incomplete gamma functions to approximate the bin results


        ENDIF ! ibinhlmlr


       IF ( ivhmltsoak > 0 .and.  qhlmlr(mgs) < 0.0 .and. lvol(lhl) > 1 .and. xdn(mgs,lhl) .lt. xdnmx(lhl) ) THEN

         ! act as if 50% of the meltwater were soaked into the graupel

           v1 = (1. - xdn(mgs,lhl)/xdnmx(lhl))*(vx(mgs,lhl) + rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lhl) )/(dtp) ! volume available for filling

           v2 = -1.0*rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/xdnmx(lhl)  ! volume of melted ice if it were refrozen in the matrix


           vhlsoak(mgs) = min(v1,v2)


       ENDIF


        ENDIF

       ENDIF


      ENDIF


!

!      qimlr(mgs)  = max( qimlr(mgs), -qimxd(mgs) )

!      qsmlr(mgs)  = max( qsmlr(mgs),  -qsmxd(mgs) )

! erm 5/10/2007 changed to next line:

      if ( .not. mixedphase ) qsmlr(mgs)  = max( qsmlr(mgs),  min( -qsmxd(mgs), -0.7*qx(mgs,ls)*dtpinv ) )

      IF ( .not. mixedphase ) THEN

        qhmlr(mgs)  = max( qhmlr(mgs),  min( -qhmxd(mgs), -0.95*qx(mgs,lh)*dtpinv ) )

        chmlr(mgs)  = max( chmlr(mgs),  min( -chmxd(mgs), -0.95*cx(mgs,lh)*dtpinv ) )

      ENDIF

!      qhmlr(mgs)  = max( max( qhmlr(mgs),  -qhmxd(mgs) ) , -0.5*qx(mgs,lh)*dtpinv ) !limits to 1/2 qh or max depletion

      qhmlh(mgs)  = 0. ! not used


      ! Rasmussen and Heymsfield say melt water remains on graupel up to 9 mm before shedding


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. lhlw < 1 ) THEN

        qhlmlr(mgs)  = max( qhlmlr(mgs),  min( -qxmxd(mgs,lhl), -0.95*qx(mgs,lhl)*dtpinv ) )

        chlmlr(mgs)  = max( chlmlr(mgs),  min( -cxmxd(mgs,lhl), -0.95*cx(mgs,lhl)*dtpinv ) )

      ENDIF


!

      end do


      endif  ! } not mixedphase

!

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      cimlr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,li)/(qx(mgs,li)+1.e-20))*qimlr(mgs)

      IF ( .not. mixedphase ) THEN !{

        IF ( xdia(mgs,ls,1) .gt. 1.e-6 .and. -qsmlr(mgs) .ge. 0.5*qxmin(ls) .and. ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN

!         csmlr(mgs)  = rho0(mgs)*qsmlr(mgs)/(xv(mgs,ls)*rhosm)

         csmlr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,ls)/(qx(mgs,ls)))*qsmlr(mgs)

        ELSEIF ( qx(mgs,ls) > qxmin(ls) ) THEN

         csmlr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,ls)/(qx(mgs,ls)))*qsmlr(mgs)

        ENDIF


        csmlrr(mgs) = csmlr(mgs)/rzxs(mgs)

         IF ( -csmlrr(mgs)*dtp > cxmin .and. -qsmlr(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lr) .and. snowmeltdia > 0.0 ) THEN

           rmas = rho0(mgs)*qsmlr(mgs)/csmlrr(mgs)

           IF ( rmas > snowmeltmass ) THEN

             csmlrr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qsmlr(mgs)/snowmeltmass

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


!        IF ( xdia(mgs,lh,1) .gt. 1.e-6 .and. Abs(qhmlr(mgs)) .ge. qxmin(lh) ) THEN

!          chmlr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)**3)  ! out of hail

!          chmlr(mgs) = Max( chmlr(mgs), -chmxd(mgs) )

!        ELSE

         IF ( ibinhmlr == 0 .or. lzh < 1 ) THEN

           chmlr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,lh)/(qx(mgs,lh)+1.e-20))*qhmlr(mgs)

           IF ( imltshddmr == 3 .and. qhmlr(mgs) < -qxmin(lh) ) THEN

            !  tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

            !

            !  IF ( tmpdiam > sheddiam ) THEN ! let size get smaller until it reaches sheddiam

            !   chmlr(mgs) = 0.0

            !  ENDIF


            ! test to remove the part of the melting associated with large ice particles so they get smaller


            tmp = 1. + alpha(mgs,lh)

            i = int(dgami*(tmp))

            del = tmp - dgam*i

            g1palp = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


            ratio = min( maxratiolu,  mltdiam1/xdia(mgs,lh,1) )


            x =  gamxinfdp(2. + alpha(mgs,lh), ratio)/g1palp

            y =  gamxinfdp(2.5 + alpha(mgs,lh) + 0.5*bxx(mgs,lh), ratio)/g1palp


            hwvent1 =  0.78*x + y*hwventy(mgs)


            qhlmlr1 = min( fmlt1(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*hwvent1*xdia(mgs,lh,1), 0.0 )


            chmlr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,lh)/(qx(mgs,lh)+1.e-20))*(qhmlr(mgs) - qhlmlr1)


           ENDIF

!           IF ( igs(mgs) == 40 ) THEN

!             write(0,*) 'is this running? chmlr = ',kgs(mgs), chmlr(mgs)

!           ENDIF

         ENDIF

!        ENDIF


     IF ( chmlr(mgs) < 0.0 .and. (ibinhmlr < 1 .or. lzh < 1) ) THEN ! { already done if ibinhmlr > 0

      IF (  ipconc >= 6 .and. lzr .gt. 1 .and. lzh < 1  .and. qx(mgs,lh) > qxmin(lh) ) THEN ! Only compute if rain is 3-moment but graupel is not, otherwise is computed later

          tmp = qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)

          alp = alpha(mgs,lh)

          g1 = g1x(mgs,lh) ! (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))


        zhmlr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhmlr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chmlr(mgs)  )


      ENDIF


      IF ( ibinhmlr == 0 .or. lzh < 1 ) THEN

      IF ( ihmlt .eq. 1 ) THEN

        chmlrr(mgs)  = min( chmlr(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vmlt) ) ! into rain

      ELSEIF ( ihmlt .eq. 2 ) THEN

        IF ( xv(mgs,lh) .gt. 0.0 .and. chmlr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 ) THEN

!        chmlrr(mgs) = Min( chmlr(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*xv(mgs,lh)) ) ! into rain

! guess what, this is the same as chmlr: rho0*qhmlr/xmas(lh) --> cx/qx = rho0/xmas

          IF(imltshddmr == 1) THEN

            ! DTD: If Dmg < sheddiam, then assume complete melting into

            ! maximal raindrop.  Between sheddiam and sheddiam0 mm, linearly ramp down to a 3 mm shed drop

            tmp = -rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/(min(xdn(mgs,lr)*xvmx(lr), xdn(mgs,lh)*xv(mgs,lh))) ! Min of Maximum raindrop size/mean hail size

            tmp2 = -rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vr3mm) ! conc. change for a 3 mm mean drop diameter


            chmlrr(mgs) = tmp*(sheddiam0-xdia(mgs,lh,3))/(sheddiam0-sheddiam)+tmp2*(xdia(mgs,lh,3)-sheddiam)/(sheddiam0-sheddiam)  ! old version

            chmlrr(mgs) = -max(tmp,min(tmp2,chmlrr(mgs)))

          ELSEIF ( imltshddmr == 2 .or. imltshddmr == 3 ) THEN

            ! 8/26/2015 ERM updated to use shedalp and tmpdiam

            ! tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

            chmlrr(mgs) =  rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vshdgs(mgs,lh))  ! into rain

          ELSE ! Old method

            chmlrr(mgs) =  rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/(min(xdn(mgs,lr)*xvmx(lr), xdn(mgs,lh)*xv(mgs,lh)))  ! into rain

         ENDIF

        ELSE

        chmlrr(mgs) = chmlr(mgs)

        ENDIF

      ELSEIF ( ihmlt .eq. 0 ) THEN

        chmlrr(mgs) = chmlr(mgs)

      ENDIF


      ELSE ! ibinhmlr < 0? Already have an outer IF test for ibinhmlr < 1

        chmlrr(mgs)  = min( chmlrr(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*xvmx(lr)) ) ! into rain

      ENDIF


      ENDIF ! } ( chmlr(mgs) < 0.0 .and. ibinhmlr < 1)


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. lhlw < 1 .and. .not. mixedphase .and. qhlmlr(mgs) < 0.0 ) THEN ! {


      IF ( ibinhlmlr == 0 .or. lzhl < 1 ) THEN

!      IF ( xdia(mgs,lhl,1) .gt. 1.e-6 .and. Abs(qhlmlr(mgs)) .ge. qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

!      chlmlr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)**3)  ! out of hail

!      chlmlr(mgs) = Max( chlmlr(mgs), -cxmxd(mgs,lhl) )

!      ELSE

      chlmlr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,lhl)/(qx(mgs,lhl)+1.e-20))*qhlmlr(mgs)

           IF ( imltshddmr == 3 .and. qhlmlr(mgs) < -qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

!           IF ( .false. .and. imltshddmr == 3  ) THEN

!              tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,lhl))*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)

!

!              IF ( tmpdiam > sheddiam ) THEN ! let size get smaller until it reaches sheddiam

!                chlmlr(mgs) = 0.0

!              ENDIF


            ! test to remove the part of the melting associated with large ice particles so they get smaller

!

            tmp = 1. + alpha(mgs,lhl)

            i = int(dgami*(tmp))

            del = tmp - dgam*i

            g1palp = gmoi(i) + (gmoi(i+1) - gmoi(i))*del*dgami


            ratio = min( maxratiolu,  mltdiam1/xdia(mgs,lhl,1) )


            x =  gamxinfdp(2. + alpha(mgs,lhl), ratio)/g1palp

            y =  gamxinfdp(2.5 + alpha(mgs,lhl) + 0.5*bxx(mgs,lhl), ratio)/g1palp


            hwvent1 =  0.78*x + y*hlventy(mgs)


            qhlmlr1 = min( fmlt1(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*hwvent1*xdia(mgs,lhl,1), 0.0 )


            chlmlr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,lhl)/(qx(mgs,lhl)+1.e-20))*min(0.0, qhlmlr(mgs) - qhlmlr1)


            ENDIF

!      ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( ibinhlmlr == 0 .or. lzhl < 1 ) THEN !{

      IF ( ihmlt .eq. 1 ) THEN

        chlmlrr(mgs)  = min( chlmlr(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vmlt) ) ! into rain

      ELSEIF ( ihmlt .eq. 2 ) THEN

        IF ( xv(mgs,lhl) .gt. 0.0 .and. chlmlr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 ) THEN

!        chlmlrr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(Min(xdn(mgs,lr)*xvmx(lr), xdn(mgs,lhl)*xv(mgs,lhl)))  ! into rain

!        chlmlrr(mgs) = Min( chlmlr(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lhl)*xv(mgs,lhl)) ) ! into rain

          IF(imltshddmr == 1 ) THEN

            tmp = -rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(min(xdn(mgs,lr)*xvmx(lr), xdn(mgs,lhl)*xv(mgs,lhl))) ! Min of Maximum raindrop size/mean hail size

            tmp2 = -rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vr3mm) ! conc. change for a 3 mm mean drop diameter

            chlmlrr(mgs) = tmp*(20.e-3-xdia(mgs,lhl,3))/(20.e-3-sheddiam)+tmp2*(xdia(mgs,lhl,3)-sheddiam)/(20.e-3-sheddiam)

            chlmlrr(mgs) = -max(tmp,min(tmp2,chlmlrr(mgs)))

          ELSEIF ( imltshddmr == 2 .or. imltshddmr == 3 ) THEN

            ! 8/26/2015 ERM updated to use shedalp and tmpdiam

            ! tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

            chlmlrr(mgs) =  rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vshdgs(mgs,lhl))  ! into rain

          ELSE ! old method

            chlmlrr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(min(xdn(mgs,lr)*xvmx(lr), xdn(mgs,lhl)*xv(mgs,lhl)))  ! into rain

          ENDIF

        ELSE

        chlmlrr(mgs) = chlmlr(mgs)

        ENDIF

      ELSEIF ( ihmlt .eq. 0 ) THEN

        chlmlrr(mgs) = chlmlr(mgs)

      ENDIF


      ELSE ! } { ibinhlmlr > 0

        chlmlrr(mgs)  = min( chlmlrr(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhlmlr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*xvmx(lr)) ) ! into rain

      ENDIF !}


       IF ( ipconc >= 8 .and. lzhl .gt. 1 .and. ibinhlmlr <= 0 ) THEN

        IF ( cx(mgs,lhl) > 0.0 ) THEN


          tmp = qx(mgs,lhl)/cx(mgs,lhl)

          alp = alpha(mgs,lhl)

!          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

          g1 = g1x(mgs,lhl) ! (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))


        zhlmlr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( tmp * qhlmlr(mgs) )

       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      ENDIF ! }


      ENDIF ! }.not. mixedphase


! 10ice versions:

!      chmlr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,lh)/(qx(mgs,lh)+1.e-20))*qhmlr(mgs)

!      chmlrr(mgs) = chmlr(mgs)

      end do

      end if


!

!  deposition/sublimation of ice

!

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


      rwcap(mgs) = (0.5)*xdia(mgs,lr,1)

      swcap(mgs) = (0.5)*xdia(mgs,ls,1)

      hwcap(mgs) = (0.5)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) hlcap(mgs) = (0.5)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)


      if ( qx(mgs,li).gt.qxmin(li) .and. xdia(mgs,li,1) .gt. 0.0 ) then

!

! from Cotton, 1972 (Part II)

!

        cilen(mgs)   = 0.4764*(xdia(mgs,li,1))**(0.958)

        cval = xdia(mgs,li,1)

        aval = cilen(mgs)

        eval = sqrt(1.0-(aval**2)/(cval**2))

        fval = min(0.99,eval)

        gval = alog( abs( (1.+fval)/(1.-fval) ) )

        cicap(mgs) = cval*fval / gval

      ELSE

       cicap(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

      ENDDO

!

!

      qhdsv(:) = 0.0

      qhldsv(:) = 0.0


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( icond .eq. 1 .or. temg(mgs) .le. tfrh    &

     &      .or. (qx(mgs,lr) .le. qxmin(lr) .and. qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc)) ) THEN

        qidsv(mgs) =   &

     &    fvds(mgs)*cx(mgs,li)*civent(mgs)*cicap(mgs)*depfac

        qsdsv(mgs) =   &

     &    fvds(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)*swvent(mgs)*swcap(mgs)*depfac


!        IF ( ny .eq. 2 .and. igs(mgs) .eq. 302 .and. temg(mgs) .le. tfrh+10 .and. qx(mgs,lv) .gt. qis(mgs)

!     :       .and. qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

!         write(0,*) 'qidsv = ',nstep,kgs(mgs),qidsv(mgs),temg(mgs)-tfrh,100.*(qx(mgs,lv)/qis(mgs) - 1.),1.e6*xdia(mgs,li,1),

!     :            fvds(mgs),civent(mgs),cicap(mgs)

!        ENDIF

      ELSE

        qidsv(mgs) = 0.0

        qsdsv(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF

        qhdsv(mgs) =   &

     &    fvds(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*hwvent(mgs)*hwcap(mgs)*depfac


        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) qhldsv(mgs) = fvds(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*hlvent(mgs)*hlcap(mgs)*depfac

!

!

      end do

!


! #include "nssl.qlimit.F"


!

!  Use a test saturation adjustment to set limits on ice deposition/sublimation

!  and rain evaporation

!

!

      IF ( dosublimationfix ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


        qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li) + qx(mgs,ls) + qx(mgs,lh)

        IF ( lis > 1 ) qitmp(mgs) = qitmp(mgs) + qx(mgs,lis)

        IF ( lhl > 1 ) qitmp(mgs) = qitmp(mgs) + qx(mgs,lhl)

        qrtmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lr)

        qctmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lc)

        qsimxdep(mgs) = 0.0

        qsimxsub(mgs) = 0.0

        dqcitmp(mgs) = 0.0


!      IF ( ( qitmp(mgs) > qxmin(li) .or. qrtmp(mgs) > qxmin(lr) ) ) THEN

      IF ( qitmp(mgs) > qxmin(li)  ) THEN


        qitmp1    = qitmp(mgs)

        qctmp1    = qctmp(mgs)

        felvcptmp = felvcp(mgs)

        felscptmp = felscp(mgs)

        qvtmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lv)

        qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)

        qsstmp = qvs(mgs)

        qvstmp = qvs(mgs)

        qisstmp = qis(mgs)

        thetatmp  = theta(mgs)

        thetaptmp = thetap(mgs)

        temgtmp   = temg(mgs)

        temcgtmp  = temcg(mgs)

        qvaptmp   = qx(mgs,lv) ! qwvp(mgs) + qv0(mgs)

        qvptmp    = 0.0 ! qwvp(mgs)  ! qv pertubation


        qsstmp = qisstmp


       dqwvtmp(mgs) = ( qvtmp(mgs) - qsstmp )


      do itertd = 1,2


!

!  calculate super-saturation

!

      IF ( itertd == 1 ) THEN


      ELSE

        dqcitmp(mgs) = dqci(mgs)

   !     dqwvtmp(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)

      ENDIF


      dqcw(mgs) = 0.0

      dqci(mgs) = 0.0

      dqwv(mgs) = ( qvtmp(mgs) - qsstmp )

!

!  evaporation and sublimation adjustment

!

      if( dqwv(mgs) .lt. 0. ) then           ! { subsaturated

        if( qitmp(mgs) .gt. -dqwv(mgs) ) then  ! check if qi can make up all the deficit

          dqci(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)

          dqwv(mgs) = 0.

        else                                  ! otherwise make all ice available for sublimation

          dqci(mgs) = -qitmp(mgs)

          dqwv(mgs) = dqwv(mgs) + qitmp(mgs)

        end if

!

       qvptmp = qvptmp - ( dqcw(mgs) + dqci(mgs) )  ! add to perturbation vapor


       IF ( itertd == 2 .and. eqtset > 1 ) THEN

       ! if eqtset == 2, then need to update the latent heats for change in hydrometeor content

          tmp = qitmp(mgs) !+ qx(mgs,lh)

!          IF ( lhl > 1 ) tmp = tmp + qx(mgs,lhl)

          cvm = cv+cvv*qvtmp(mgs)+cpl*(qx(mgs,lc)+qrtmp(mgs))   &

                                  +cpigb*(tmp)


          felvcptmp = (felv(mgs)-rw*temg(mgs))/cvm

          felscptmp = (fels(mgs)-rw*temg(mgs))/cvm

       ENDIF


!      qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

      qctmp(mgs) = qctmp(mgs) + dqcw(mgs) ! dqcw is zero

      qitmp(mgs) = qitmp(mgs) + dqci(mgs)

      thetaptmp = thetaptmp +   &

     &  1./pi0(mgs)*   &

     &  (felvcp(mgs)*dqcw(mgs) +felscp(mgs)*dqci(mgs))


      end if  ! } dqwv(mgs) .lt. 0. (end of evap/sublim)

!

! condensation/deposition

!

      IF ( dqwv(mgs) .ge. 0. ) THEN ! {


!      write(iunit,*) 'satadj: mgs,iter = ',mgs,itertd,dqwv(mgs),qss(mgs),qx(mgs,lv),qx(mgs,lc)

!

!        qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

        fracl(mgs) = 0.0

        fraci(mgs) = 1.0

        if ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr .and. temg(mgs) .gt. thnuc ) then

!          fracl(mgs) = max(min(1.,(temg(mgs)-233.15)/(20.)),0.0)

!          fraci(mgs) = 1.0-fracl(mgs)

        end if

        if ( temg(mgs) .le. thnuc ) then

           fraci(mgs) = 1.0

           fracl(mgs) = 0.0

         end if

!        fraci(mgs) = 1.0-fracl(mgs)


       gamss = (felvcp(mgs)*fracl(mgs) + felscp(mgs)*fraci(mgs))   &

     &      / (pi0(mgs))


          dqvcnd(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)/(1. + fcqv2(mgs)*qsstmp/   &

     &  ((temg(mgs)-cbi)**2))


      if ( temg(mgs) .ge. tfr ) then

      dqvcnd(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)/(1. + fcqv1(mgs)*qsstmp/   &

     &  ((temg(mgs)-cbw)**2))

      end if


      delqci1=qx(mgs,li)


      dqcw(mgs) = dqvcnd(mgs)*fracl(mgs) ! is zero

      dqci(mgs) = dqvcnd(mgs)*fraci(mgs)


      thetaptmp = thetaptmp +   &

     &   (felvcp(mgs)*dqcw(mgs) + felscp(mgs)*dqci(mgs))   &

     & / (pi0(mgs))


      qvptmp = qvptmp - ( dqvcnd(mgs) )

      qctmp(mgs) = qctmp(mgs) + dqcw(mgs)

      qitmp(mgs) = qitmp(mgs) + dqci(mgs)


       IF ( itertd == 2 .and. eqtset > 1 ) THEN

       ! if eqtset == 2, then need to update the latent heats for change in hydrometeor content

          tmp = qitmp(mgs) ! + qx(mgs,lh)

!          IF ( lhl > 1 ) tmp = tmp + qx(mgs,lhl)

          cvm = cv+cvv*qvtmp(mgs)+cpl*(qctmp(mgs) +qrtmp(mgs))   &

                                  +cpigb*(tmp)


          felvcptmp = (felv(mgs)-rw*temg(mgs))/cvm

          felscptmp = (fels(mgs)-rw*temg(mgs))/cvm

       ENDIF


!       IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

!         pipert(mgs) = pipert(mgs) + (0   &

!      &  +felspi(mgs)*dqci(mgs)    &

!      &  +felvpi(mgs)*dqcw(mgs)) ! *dtp

!       ENDIF


!

!

      END IF ! } dqwv(mgs) .ge. 0.


!

      IF ( itertd == 1 ) THEN

      ! update temporary saturation values


      thetatmp = thetaptmp + theta0(mgs)

      temgtmp = thetatmp*pk(mgs) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

      qvaptmp = max((qvptmp + qv0(mgs)), 0.0)

      temcgtmp = temgtmp - tfr

      tqvcon = temgtmp-cbw

      ltemq = (temgtmp-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

      ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        qvstmp = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

        qvstmp = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF


      qisstmp = pqs(mgs)*tabqis(ltemq)

      qctmp(mgs) = max( 0.0, qctmp(mgs) )

      qitmp(mgs) = max( 0.0, qitmp(mgs) )

      qvtmp(mgs) = max( 0.0, qvaptmp )


!      qsstmp = qvstmp

      qsstmp = qisstmp


      ELSE

       ! set max depletion

        qctmp(mgs) = max( 0.0, qctmp(mgs) )

        qitmp(mgs) = max( 0.0, qitmp(mgs) )


        IF ( qitmp(mgs) < qitmp1 ) THEN

          qsimxsub(mgs) = (qitmp1 - qitmp(mgs))*dtpinv

        ELSEIF ( qitmp(mgs) > qitmp1 ) THEN

          qsimxdep(mgs) = (qitmp(mgs) - qitmp1)*dtpinv

        ENDIF


      ENDIF

!      pceds(mgs) = (thetap(mgs) - thsave(mgs))*dtpinv

!      write(iunit,*) 'satadj2: mgs,iter = ',mgs,itertd,dqwv(mgs),qss(mgs),qxtmp,qctmp(mgs)

!

!  end the saturation adjustment iteration loop

!

      end do ! itertd


      ENDIF


      end do ! mgs


      ELSE


       DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

         qsimxdep(mgs) = qvimxd(mgs)

         qsimxsub(mgs) = 1.e20

       ENDDO


      ENDIF


! end of qlimit


      qhcev(:) = 0.0

      chcev(:) = 0.0

      qhlcev(:) = 0.0

      chlcev(:) = 0.0

      qfcev(:) = 0.0


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qisbv(mgs) = 0.0

      qssbv(mgs) = 0.0

      qidpv(mgs) = 0.0

      qsdpv(mgs) = 0.0

      qhsbv(mgs) = 0.0

      qscev(mgs) = 0.0

      cscev(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( icond .eq. 1 .or. temg(mgs) .le. tfrh    &

     &      .or. (qx(mgs,lr) .le. qxmin(lr) .and. qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc)) ) THEN ! last condition (qr<qmin & qc<qmin) for case icond=0

!        qisbv(mgs) = max( min(qidsv(mgs), 0.0), -qimxd(mgs) )

!        qssbv(mgs) = max( min(qsdsv(mgs), 0.0), -qsmxd(mgs) )

! erm 5/10/2007:

        qisbv(mgs) = max( min(qidsv(mgs), 0.0),  min( -qimxd(mgs), -0.5*qx(mgs,li)*dtpinv ) )

        IF ( temg(mgs) < tfr .or. .not. qsmlr(mgs) < 0.0 ) THEN

        qssbv(mgs) = max( min(qsdsv(mgs), 0.0),  min( -qsmxd(mgs), -0.5*qx(mgs,ls)*dtpinv ) )

        ENDIF

        qidpv(mgs) = max(qidsv(mgs), 0.0)

        qsdpv(mgs) = max(qsdsv(mgs), 0.0)


        IF ( qsmlr(mgs) < 0.0 .and. .not. mixedphase ) THEN ! switch snow sublimation to evaporation if there is melting


          qscev(mgs) = evapfac*   &

     &  4.0*pi*(qx(mgs,lv)-qss0(mgs))*cx(mgs,ls)*swcap(mgs)*swvent(mgs)/(qss0(mgs)*(fav(mgs)+fbv(mgs)))

          qscev(mgs) = max( min(0.0,qscev(mgs)),  min( -qsmxd(mgs), -0.5*qx(mgs,ls)*dtpinv ) )

        ELSE


        ENDIF


      ELSE

        qisbv(mgs) = 0.0

        qssbv(mgs) = 0.0

        qidpv(mgs) = 0.0

        qsdpv(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF


      qhsbv(mgs) = 0.0

      qhdpv(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( qx(mgs,lh) > qxmin(lh) ) THEN

      IF ( temg(mgs) < tfr .or. .not. qhmlr(mgs) < 0.0 ) THEN

      ! no liquid from melting, so evaporation is greater. Thus can calculate sublimation rate

      qhsbv(mgs) = max( min(qhdsv(mgs), 0.0), -qhmxd(mgs) )

      qhdpv(mgs) = max(qhdsv(mgs), 0.0)

      ENDIF


      IF ( .true. .and. qhmlr(mgs) < 0.0 .and. .not. mixedphase ) THEN

        ! Liquid is forming, so find the evaporation that was subtracted from melting (if it is not condensing)

!       qhcev(mgs) =   &

!     &   evapfac*min(   &

!     &  fmlt1e(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*hwvent(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,1), 0.0 )


        qhcev(mgs) =  evapfac*2.0*pi*(qx(mgs,lv)-qss0(mgs))*  &

     &   cx(mgs,lh)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)*hwvent(mgs)/(qss0(mgs)*(fav(mgs)+fbv(mgs)))


        qhcev(mgs)  = max(qhcev(mgs), -qhmxd(mgs))

        IF ( temg(mgs) > tfr ) qhcev(mgs) = min(0.0, qhcev(mgs) )


      ENDIF

      ENDIF


      qhlsbv(mgs) = 0.0

      qhldpv(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) > qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

        IF ( temg(mgs) < tfr .or. .not. qhlmlr(mgs) < 0.0 ) THEN

        qhlsbv(mgs) = max( min(qhldsv(mgs), 0.0), -qxmxd(mgs,lhl) )

        qhldpv(mgs) = max(qhldsv(mgs), 0.0)

        ENDIF

        IF ( qhlmlr(mgs) < 0.0 .and. .not. mixedphase ) THEN

        ! Liquid is forming, so find the evaporation that was subtracted from melting (if it is not condensing)

         qhlcev(mgs) =  evapfac*2.0*pi*(qx(mgs,lv)-qss0(mgs))*  &

     &      cx(mgs,lhl)*xdia(mgs,lhl,1)*hlvent(mgs)/(qss0(mgs)*(fav(mgs)+fbv(mgs)))


         qhlcev(mgs)  = max(qhlcev(mgs), -qhlmxd(mgs))

         IF ( temg(mgs) > tfr ) qhlcev(mgs) = min(0.0, qhlcev(mgs) )


      ENDIF

      ENDIF

      ENDIF


      temp1 = qidpv(mgs) + qsdpv(mgs) + qhdpv(mgs) + qhldpv(mgs)


!      IF ( temp1 .gt. qvimxd(mgs) ) THEN


!      frac = qvimxd(mgs)/temp1


      IF ( temp1 .gt. qsimxdep(mgs) ) THEN

      frac = qsimxdep(mgs)/temp1


      qidpv(mgs) = frac*qidpv(mgs)

      qsdpv(mgs) = frac*qsdpv(mgs)

      qhdpv(mgs) = frac*qhdpv(mgs)

      qhldpv(mgs) = frac*qhldpv(mgs)


!        IF ( ny .eq. 2 .and. igs(mgs) .eq. 302 .and. temg(mgs) .le. tfrh+10 .and. qx(mgs,lv) .gt. qis(mgs)

!     :       .and. qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

!         write(0,*) 'qidpv,frac = ',kgs(mgs),qidpv(mgs),frac

!        ENDIF


      ENDIF


      temp1 = qisbv(mgs) + qssbv(mgs) + qhsbv(mgs) + qhlsbv(mgs)


      IF ( temp1 <  -qsimxsub(mgs) ) THEN

      frac = -qsimxsub(mgs)/temp1


      qisbv(mgs) = frac*qisbv(mgs)

      qssbv(mgs) = frac*qssbv(mgs)

      qhsbv(mgs) = frac*qhsbv(mgs)

      qhlsbv(mgs) = frac*qhlsbv(mgs)


!        IF ( ny .eq. 2 .and. igs(mgs) .eq. 302 .and. temg(mgs) .le. tfrh+10 .and. qx(mgs,lv) .gt. qis(mgs)

!     :       .and. qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

!         write(0,*) 'qidpv,frac = ',kgs(mgs),qidpv(mgs),frac

!        ENDIF


      ENDIF


      end do

!

!

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      cssbv(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,ls)/(qx(mgs,ls)+1.e-20))*qssbv(mgs)

      cisbv(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,li)/(qx(mgs,li)+1.e-20))*qisbv(mgs)

      chsbv(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,lh)/(qx(mgs,lh)+1.e-20))*qhsbv(mgs)

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) chlsbv(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,lhl)/(qx(mgs,lhl)+1.e-20))*qhlsbv(mgs)

      csdpv(mgs)  = 0.0 ! (cx(mgs,ls)/(qx(mgs,ls)+1.e-20))*qsdpv(mgs)

      cidpv(mgs) =  0.0 ! (cx(mgs,li)/(qx(mgs,li)+1.e-20))*qidpv(mgs)

      cisdpv(mgs) = 0.0

      chdpv(mgs)  = 0.0 ! (cx(mgs,lh)/(qx(mgs,lh)+1.e-20))*qhdpv(mgs)

      chldpv(mgs) = 0.0

      end do

      end if


!

!  Aggregation or size conversion of small crystals to snow

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'conc 29a'

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qscni(mgs) =  0.0

      cscni(mgs) = 0.0

      cscnis(mgs) = 0.0

      if ( ipconc .ge. 4 .and. iscni .ge. 1 .and. qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) then

        IF ( iscni .eq. 1 ) THEN

         qscni(mgs) =    &

     &      pi*rho0(mgs)*((0.25)/(6.0))   &

     &      *eii(mgs)*(qx(mgs,li)**2)*(xdia(mgs,li,2))   &

     &      *vtxbar(mgs,li,1)/xmas(mgs,li)

         cscni(mgs) = min(cimxd(mgs),qscni(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,li))

         cscnis(mgs) = 0.5*cscni(mgs)

        ELSEIF ( iscni .eq. 2 .or. iscni .eq. 4 .or. iscni .eq. 5 ) THEN  ! Zeigler 1985/Zrnic 1993, sort of

          IF ( iscni .ne. 5 .and. qidpv(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and.  xdia(mgs,li,3) .ge. 100.e-6 ) THEN

          ! convert larger crystals to snow

!            IF ( xdia(mgs,ls,3) .gt. xdia(mgs,li,3) ) THEN

!              qscni(mgs) = Max(0.1,xdia(mgs,li,3)/xdia(mgs,ls,3))*qidpv(mgs)

! erm 9/5/08 changed max to min

              qscni(mgs) = min(0.5, xdia(mgs,li,3)/200.e-6)*qidpv(mgs)

!            ELSE

!              qscni(mgs) = 0.1*qidpv(mgs)

!            ENDIF

            cscni(mgs) = fscni*qscni(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/max(rho_qs*xvmn(ls),xmas(mgs,li))

!            cscni(mgs) = fscni*Min(cimxd(mgs),qscni(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/Max(xdn(mgs,ls)*xvmn(ls),xmas(mgs,li)))

!            cscni(mgs) = Min(cimxd(mgs),qscni(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,li) )

!            IF ( xdia(mgs,ls,3) .le. 200.e-6 ) THEN

              cscnis(mgs) = cscni(mgs)

!            ELSE

!              cscnis(mgs) = 0.0

!            ENDIF

            !  write(91,*) 'qi,qscni = ',igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),qx(mgs,li),qscni(mgs),cscnis(mgs),qidpv(mgs)

          ENDIF

           IF ( iscni .ne. 4 ) THEN

           ! crystal aggregation to become snow

! erm 9/5/08 commented second line and added xv to 1st line (zrnic et al 1993)

             tmp = ess(mgs)*rvt*aa2*cx(mgs,li)*cx(mgs,li)*xv(mgs,li)

!     :         ((cinu + 2.)*xv(mgs,li)/(cinu + 1.) + xv(mgs,li))


!           csacs(mgs) = rvt*aa2*ess(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)**2*xv(mgs,ls)


             qscni(mgs) = qscni(mgs) + min( qxmxd(mgs,li), 2.0*tmp*xmas(mgs,li)*rhoinv(mgs) )

             cscni(mgs) = cscni(mgs) + min( cxmxd(mgs,li), 2.0*tmp )

             cscnis(mgs) = cscnis(mgs) + min( cxmxd(mgs,li), tmp )

           ENDIF

        ELSEIF ( iscni .eq. 3 ) THEN ! LFO

           qscni(mgs) = 0.001*eii(mgs)*max((qx(mgs,li)-1.e-3),0.0)

           qscni(mgs) = min(qscni(mgs),qxmxd(mgs,li))

           cscni(mgs) = qscni(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,li)

           cscnis(mgs) = 0.5*cscni(mgs)

!           write(iunit,*) 'qscni, qi = ',qscni(mgs),qx(mgs,li),igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)

        ENDIF


      ELSEIF ( ipconc < 4 ) THEN ! LFO

           IF ( lwsm6 ) THEN

             qimax = rhoinv(mgs)*roqimax

             qscni(mgs) = min(0.90*qx(mgs,li), max( 0.0, (qx(mgs,li) - qimax)*dtpinv ) )

           ELSE

             qscni(mgs) = 0.001*eii(mgs)*max((qx(mgs,li)-1.e-3),0.0)

             qscni(mgs) = min(qscni(mgs),qxmxd(mgs,li))

           ENDIF

      else ! 10-ice version

      if ( iscni > 0 .and. qx(mgs,li) .gt. qxmin(li) ) then

          qscni(mgs) =    &

     &    pi*rho0(mgs)*((0.25)/(6.0))   &

     &    *eii(mgs)*(qx(mgs,li)**2)*(xdia(mgs,li,2))   &

     &    *vtxbar(mgs,li,1)/xmas(mgs,li)

         cscni(mgs) = min(cimxd(mgs),qscni(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/xmas(mgs,li))

        end if


      end if

      end do


      IF ( incwet < 1 ) THEN

          dhwet(:) = d1t

          dhlwet(:) = d1t

          dfwet(:) = d1t

      ENDIF


         IF ( incwet >= 1 ) THEN

         ! 'incwet' = incomplete gamma for wet growth

         ! Find diameter where wet growth starts, then compute dry and wet growth

         ! over [dwet,infinity]. Subtract dry growth from qxacw etc. to get total

         ! dry growth part

         dhwet(:) = dg0thresh + 0.0001

         dhlwet(:) = dg0thresh + 0.0001

         dfwet(:) = dg0thresh + 0.0001


         DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


             sqrtrhovt = sqrt( rhovt(mgs) )

             fventh = sqrtrhovt*(fpndl(mgs)**(1./3.)) * (fakvisc(mgs))**(-0.5)

             fventm = sqrtrhovt*(fschm(mgs)**(1./3.)) * (fakvisc(mgs))**(-0.5)

             ltemq = (tfr-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

             qvs0 = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

             denomdp = felf(mgs) + fcw(mgs)*temcg(mgs)

             denominvdp = 1.d0/(felf(mgs) + fcw(mgs)*temcg(mgs))


         IF (((qhacw(mgs) + qhacr(mgs))*dtp > qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lh) > hlcnhqmin .and. &

              temg(mgs) .le. tfr + wetgrthtoffset .and.  temg(mgs) .ge. 243.15 )  ) THEN

!         dw = 0.01*( Exp( -temcg(mgs)/( 1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*ehw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc) - 1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0 ) ) - 1.0 )

!         dwr = 0.01*( Exp( -temcg(mgs)/( 1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*(ehw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)+ehr(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)) - &

!                1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0 ) ) - 1.0 )

            x =   1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*(ehw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)+ehr(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)) - &

                1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0

            IF ( x > 1.e-20 ) THEN

              arg = min(70.0, (-temcg(mgs)/x )) ! prevent overflow of the exp function in 32 bit

              dwr = 0.01*(exp(arg) - 1.0)

            ELSE

              dwr = 1.e30

            ENDIF

          d = dwr


           IF ( dwr < 0.2 .and. dwr > 0.0 .and. rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr)) > 1.e-4 ) THEN


                      h1 = ( -ftka(mgs)*temcg(mgs) - felv(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lv) - qvs0) )

                      h2 = ehi(mgs)*qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)*fci(mgs)*temcg(mgs)

                      h3 = max(dwehwmin, ehw(mgs))*qx(mgs,lc)

                      h4 = ehr(mgs)* qx(mgs,lr)

                      ! iterate to find minimum diameter for wet growth. Start with value of dwr

                      DO n = 1,10

                        d = max(d, 1.e-4)

                        dold = d

                        vth = axx(mgs,lh)*d**bxx(mgs,lh)

                        x2 = fventh*sqrtrhovt*sqrt(d*vth)

                       IF ( x2 > 1.4 ) THEN

                         ah = 0.78 + 0.308*x2  ! heat ventillation

                       ELSE

                         ah = 1.0 + 0.108*x2**2 ! mass ventillation (Beard and Pruppacher 1971, eq. 9)

                       ENDIF


                        d = 8.*ah*h1/ &

                            ( ( max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))*h3 +                              &

                            max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))*h4) *rho0(mgs)*denomdp +               &

                            max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,li,1))*h2)


                        IF ( abs(dold - d)/dold < 0.05 .or. ( n > 3 .and. d > dg0thresh ) ) EXIT


                      ENDDO

              ENDIF


              dhwet(mgs) = min(dg0thresh + 0.0001, max( d, dwetmin ))

          ELSE

            dhwet(mgs) = dg0thresh + 0.0001

          ENDIF


         IF (((qhlacw(mgs) + qhlacr(mgs))*dtp > qxmin(lhl) .and. qx(mgs,lhl) > 0.01e-3 &

               .and. temg(mgs) .le. tfr + wetgrthtoffset  .and.  temg(mgs) .ge. 243.15 )  ) THEN

!         dw = 0.01*( Exp( -temcg(mgs)/( 1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*ehlw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc) - 1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0 ) ) - 1.0 )

!         dwr = 0.01*( Exp( -temcg(mgs)/( 1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*(ehlw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)+ehlr(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)) - &

!                1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0 ) ) - 1.0 )

            x =   1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*(ehlw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)+ehlr(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)) - &

                1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0

            IF ( x > 1.e-20 ) THEN

              arg = min(70.0, (-temcg(mgs)/x )) ! prevent overflow of the exp function in 32 bit

              dwr = 0.01*(exp(arg) - 1.0)

            ELSE

              dwr = 1.e30

            ENDIF

          d = dwr

           IF ( dwr < 0.2 .and. dwr > 0.0 .and. rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr)) > 1.e-4 ) THEN


!                      write(91,*) 'dw,dwr,temcg = ',100.*dw,100.*dwr,temcg(mgs)

                      h1 = ( -ftka(mgs)*temcg(mgs) - felv(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lv) - qvs0) )

                      h2 = ehi(mgs)*qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)*fci(mgs)*temcg(mgs)

                      h3 = max(dwehwmin, ehlw(mgs))*qx(mgs,lc)

                      h4 = ehlr(mgs)* qx(mgs,lr)

                      ! iterate to find minimum diameter for wet growth. Start with value of dwr

                      DO n = 1,10

                        d = max(d, 1.e-4)

                        dold = d

                        vth = axx(mgs,lhl)*d**bxx(mgs,lhl)

                        x2 = fventh*sqrtrhovt*sqrt(d*vth)

                       IF ( x2 > 1.4 ) THEN

                         ah = 0.78 + 0.308*x2  ! heat ventillation

                       ELSE

                         ah = 1.0 + 0.108*x2**2 ! mass ventillation (Beard and Pruppacher 1971, eq. 9)

                       ENDIF


                        d = 8.*ah*h1/ &

                            ( ( max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))*h3 +                              &

                            max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))*h4) *rho0(mgs)*denomdp +               &

                            max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,li,1))*h2)


                        IF ( abs(dold - d)/dold < 0.05 .or. ( n > 3 .and. d > dg0thresh ) ) EXIT


                      ENDDO

              ENDIF


              dhlwet(mgs) = min(dg0thresh + 0.0001, max( d, dwetmin ) )

          ELSE

            dhlwet(mgs) = dg0thresh + 0.0001

          ENDIF


          ENDDO


          ENDIF ! incwet


!

!

!  compute dry growth rate of snow, graupel, and hail

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

      qsdry(mgs)  = qsacr(mgs)    + qsacw(mgs)   &

     &            + qsaci(mgs)

!

      qhdry(mgs)  = qhaci(mgs)    + qhacs(mgs)   &

     &            + qhacr(mgs)   &

     &            + qhacw(mgs)

!


      qhldry(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      qhldry(mgs)  = qhlaci(mgs)    + qhlacs(mgs)   &

     &               + qhlacr(mgs)   &

     &               + qhlacw(mgs)

      ENDIF

      end do

!

!  set wet growth and shedding

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      IF ( tfrdry < temg(mgs) .and. temg(mgs) < tfr ) THEN

!

!      qswet(mgs) =

!     >  ( xdia(mgs,ls,1)*swvent(mgs)*cx(mgs,ls)*fwet1(mgs)

!     >  + fwet2(mgs)*(qsaci(mgs)+qsacir(mgs)

!     >               +qsacip(mgs)) )

!      qswet(mgs) = max( 0.0, qswet(mgs))

!

!      IF ( dnu(lh) .ne. 0. ) THEN

!        qhwet(mgs) = qhdry(mgs)

!      ELSE

      ! IF ( incwet == 0 ) THEN

        qhwet(mgs) =   &

     &    ( xdia(mgs,lh,1)*hwvent(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*fwet1(mgs)   &

     &   + fwet2(mgs)*(qhaci(mgs) + qhacs(mgs)) )

        qhwet(mgs) = max( 0.0, qhwet(mgs))


       IF ( incwet == 1 .and. qhwet(mgs) < qhdry(mgs) .and. dhwet(mgs) < dg0thresh ) THEN

       !  ELSE

        !   IF ( dhwet(mgs) < dg0thresh ) THEN

             ! find portion of qc and qr collection that are dry/wet growth for d > dwet


               ratio = min( maxratiolu, dhwet(mgs)/xdia(mgs,lh,1) )


               tmp1 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),13,1) ! alpha + 3

               tmp2 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),12,1) ! alpha + 2

               tmp3 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh), 9,1) ! alpha + 1


            IF ( qhacw(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lh) ) THEN

              vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))


          qxacwtmp = 0.25*pi*ehw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*vt*   &

     &         (  tmp1*da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            tmp2*dab1lh(mgs,lh,lc)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,lc,3) +    &

     &            tmp3*da1lc(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lc,3)**2 )

             ELSE

              qxacwtmp = 0.0

             ENDIF


            IF ( qhacr(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lh) ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)*vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) )


         qxacrtmp = 0.25*pi*ehr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*qx(mgs,lr)*vt*   &

     &         (  tmp1*da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            tmp2*dab1lh(mgs,lh,lr)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,lr,3) +    &

     &            tmp3*da1lr(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )

             ELSE

               qxacrtmp = 0.0

             ENDIF


        ! hwvent is where the size dependency is, so hxventtmp gives the portion for d > dwet

        x = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),9,1) ! alpha + 1

        y = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),3,1) ! alpha + b/2 + 5/2


        hxventtmp =  0.78*x + y*hwventy(mgs)  !   &


        ! find the ice and snow collection for d > dwet

        qxacitmp = 0.0

        IF ( qhaci(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lh) ) THEN

              vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))


          qxacitmp = 0.25*pi*ehiclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*qx(mgs,li)*vt*   &

     &         (  tmp1*da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            tmp2*dab1lh(mgs,lh,li)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +    &

     &            tmp3*da1(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 )

        ENDIF


        qxacstmp = 0.0

        IF ( qhacs(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lh) ) THEN

              vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,lh,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))


          qxacstmp = 0.25*pi*ehsclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lh)*qx(mgs,ls)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lh(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lh,ls)*xdia(mgs,lh,3)*xdia(mgs,ls,3) +    &

     &            da1(ls)*xdia(mgs,ls,3)**2 )

        ENDIF


             qxwettmp =   &

     &       xdia(mgs,lh,1)*hxventtmp*cx(mgs,lh)*fwet1(mgs)   &

     &     + fwet2(mgs)*(qxacitmp + qxacstmp)


          ! as dry growth but subtract part for D > Dw and add wet growth for D > Dw

          qhwet(mgs) = qhacw(mgs) + qhacr(mgs) + qhaci(mgs) + qhacs(mgs) &

                        - ehi(mgs)*qxacitmp - ehs(mgs)*qxacstmp          &

                        -  qxacwtmp - qxacrtmp + qxwettmp


         ! qhacw(mgs) = Min( qhacw(mgs), 0.5*qx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv )


       !    ELSE ! for dwet > 15cm, just assume dry growth

       !      qhwet(mgs) = qhdry(mgs)

       !    ENDIF

         ENDIF


!      ENDIF


       qhlwet(mgs) = 0.0

       IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

         !IF ( incwet == 0 ) THEN

         qhlwet(mgs) =   &

     &     ( xdia(mgs,lhl,1)*hlvent(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*fwet1(mgs)   &

     &     + fwet2(mgs)*(qhlaci(mgs) + qhlacs(mgs)) )

         qhlwet(mgs) = max( 0.0, qhlwet(mgs))


         IF ( incwet == 1 .and. qhlwet(mgs) < qhldry(mgs) .and. dhlwet(mgs) < dg0thresh ) THEN

         !ELSE

!! || defined (WRFEXTRAS)

         !  IF ( dhlwet(mgs) < dg0thresh ) THEN

             ! find portion of qc and qr collection that are dry/wet growth for d > dwet


               ratio = min( maxratiolu, dhlwet(mgs)/xdia(mgs,lhl,1) )


               tmp1 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lhl),13,2) ! alpha + 3

               tmp2 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lhl),12,2) ! alpha + 2

               tmp3 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lhl), 9,2) ! alpha + 1


            IF ( qhlacw(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

              vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))


          qxacwtmp = 0.25*pi*ehlw(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*(qx(mgs,lc)-qcwresv(mgs))*vt*   &

     &         (  tmp1*da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            tmp2*dab1lh(mgs,lhl,lc)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,lc,3) +    &

     &            tmp3*da1lc(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lc,3)**2 )

             ELSE

              qxacwtmp = 0.0

             ENDIF


            IF ( qhlacr(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lhl) ) THEN


       vt = sqrt((vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))**2 +    &

     &            0.04*vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)*vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) )


         qxacrtmp = 0.25*pi*ehlr(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*qx(mgs,lr)*vt*   &

     &         (  tmp1*da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            tmp2*dab1lh(mgs,lhl,lr)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,lr,3) +    &

     &            tmp3*da1lr(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lr,3)**2 )

             ELSE

               qxacrtmp = 0.0

             ENDIF


        x = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lhl),9,2) ! alpha + 1

        y = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lhl),3,2) ! alpha + b/2 + 5/2


        hxventtmp =  0.78*x + y*hlventy(mgs)  !   &


        qxacitmp = 0.0

        IF ( qhlaci(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

              vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,li,1))


          qxacitmp = 0.25*pi*ehliclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*qx(mgs,li)*vt*   &

     &         (  tmp1*da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            tmp2*dab1lh(mgs,lhl,li)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,li,3) +    &

     &            tmp3*da1(li)*xdia(mgs,li,3)**2 )

        ENDIF


        qxacstmp = 0.0

        IF ( qhlacs(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lhl) ) THEN

              vt = abs(vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1)-vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))


          qxacstmp = 0.25*pi*ehlsclsn(mgs)*cx(mgs,lhl)*qx(mgs,ls)*vt*   &

     &         (  da0lhl(mgs)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)**2 +     &

     &            dab1lh(mgs,lhl,ls)*xdia(mgs,lhl,3)*xdia(mgs,ls,3) +    &

     &            da1(ls)*xdia(mgs,ls,3)**2 )

        ENDIF


             qxwettmp =   &

     &       xdia(mgs,lhl,1)*hxventtmp*cx(mgs,lhl)*fwet1(mgs)   &

     &     + fwet2(mgs)*(qxacitmp + qxacstmp)


          ! qhlacw(mgs) + qhlacr(mgs) - qxacwtmp - qxacrtmp is the 'dry' growth

          ! at smaller diameters

!          qhlwet(mgs) = qhlacw(mgs) + qhlacr(mgs) - qxacwtmp - qxacrtmp + qxwettmp

          ! as dry growth but subtract part for D > Dw and add wet growth for D > Dw

          qhlwet(mgs) = qhlacw(mgs) + qhlacr(mgs) + qhlaci(mgs) + qhlacs(mgs) &

                        - ehli(mgs)*qxacitmp - ehls(mgs)*qxacstmp          &

                        -  qxacwtmp - qxacrtmp + qxwettmp


        !   ELSE

        !     qhlwet(mgs) = qhldry(mgs)

        !   ENDIF

         ENDIF ! incwet

       ENDIF


       ELSE


        qhwet(mgs) = qhdry(mgs)

        qhlwet(mgs) = qhldry(mgs)

       ENDIF

!

!      qhlwet(mgs) = qhldry(mgs)


      end do


!

! shedding rate

!

      qsshr(:)  =  0.0

      qhshr(:)  =  0.0

      qhlshr(:) =  0.0

      qhshh(:)  =  0.0

      csshr(:)  =  0.0

      csshrr(:) = 0.0

      chshr(:)  =  0.0

      chlshr(:)  =  0.0

      chshrr(:)  =  0.0

      chlshrr(:)  =  0.0

      vhshdr(:)  = 0.0

      vhlshdr(:)  = 0.0

      wetsfc(:)  = .false.

      wetgrowth(:)  = .false.

      wetsfchl(:)  = .false.

      wetgrowthhl(:)  = .false.


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

!

!

      qhshr(mgs)  = min( 0.0, qhwet(mgs) - qhdry(mgs) )  ! water that freezes should never be more than what sheds


      qhlshr(mgs)  =  min( 0.0, qhlwet(mgs) - qhldry(mgs) )


!

! limit wet growth to only higher density particles

!

      qsshr(mgs)  =  0.0

!

!

!  no shedding for temperatures < 243.15

!

      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. 243.15 ) then

       qsshr(mgs)  =  0.0

       qhshr(mgs)  =  0.0

       qhlshr(mgs) =  0.0

       vhshdr(mgs)  = 0.0

       vhlshdr(mgs)  = 0.0

       wetsfc(mgs) = .false.

       wetgrowth(mgs) = .false.

       wetsfchl(mgs) = .false.

       wetgrowthhl(mgs) = .false.

      end if

!

!  shed all at temperatures > 273.15

!

      if ( temg(mgs) .gt. tfr ) then


       IF ( .false. ) THEN ! old and incorrect -- Thanks to Shaofeng Hua for noticing this error (9/17/2017)

       qsshr(mgs)  = -qsdry(mgs)

       qhshr(mgs)  = -qhdry(mgs)

       qhlshr(mgs) = -qhldry(mgs)

       ELSE ! new and correct

       ! note that the qxacr terms should be zero here, so shedding at T > 0 is all from the droplets

       qsshr(mgs)   = - qsacr(mgs) - qsacw(mgs) ! -qsdry(mgs)

       qhlshr(mgs)  = - qhlacw(mgs) - qhlacr(mgs) ! -qhldry(mgs)

       qhshr(mgs)  = - qhacw(mgs) - qhacr(mgs) ! -qhdry(mgs)


       ENDIF


       vhshdr(mgs)  = -vhacw(mgs) - vhacr(mgs)

       vhlshdr(mgs)  = -vhlacw(mgs) - vhlacr(mgs)

       qhwet(mgs)  = 0.0

       qhlwet(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

!

!      if (qhshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. temg(mgs) < tfr  ) THEN

        wetsfc(mgs) =  (qhshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. temg(mgs) < tfr ) .or. ( qhmlr(mgs) < -qxmin(lh) .and.  temg(mgs) > tfr )

        wetgrowth(mgs) = (qhshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. temg(mgs) < tfr )

!      ENDIF

      if (qhlshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. temg(mgs) < tfr ) THEN

        wetsfchl(mgs) = (qhlshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. temg(mgs) < tfr ) .or. ( qhlmlr(mgs) < -qxmin(lhl) .and.  temg(mgs) > tfr )

        wetgrowthhl(mgs) = (qhlshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. temg(mgs) < tfr )

      ENDIF


      end do

!

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      csshr(mgs)  = 0.0 ! (cx(mgs,ls)/(qx(mgs,ls)+1.e-20))*Min(0.0,qsshr(mgs))


       chshr(mgs) = 0.0 ! no change to graupel number concentration for wet-growth shedding


      !   tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

        ! Base the drop size on the shedding regime

            ! 8/26/2015 ERM updated to use shedalp and tmpdiam

            ! tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

            chshrr(mgs) =  rho0(mgs)*qhshr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vshdgs(mgs,lh))  ! into rain


      chlshr(mgs) = 0.0

      chlshrr(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

!         chlshr(mgs)  = (cx(mgs,lhl)/(qx(mgs,lhl)+1.e-20))*qhlshr(mgs)


       chlshr(mgs) = 0.0 ! no change to hail number concentration for wet-growth shedding


      !   tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

        ! Base the drop size on the shedding regime

            ! 8/26/2015 ERM updated to use shedalp and tmpdiam

            ! tmpdiam = (shedalp+alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1)

            chlshrr(mgs) =  rho0(mgs)*qhlshr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vshdgs(mgs,lhl))  ! into rain


      ENDIF ! ( lhl > 1 )


      end do

      end if


!

!  final decisions

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

!  Snow

!

      if ( qsshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 ) then

      qsdpv(mgs) = 0.0

      qssbv(mgs) = 0.0

      else

      qsshr(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

!

!     if ( qsdry(mgs) .lt. qswet(mgs) ) then

!     qswet(mgs) = 0.0

!     else

!     qsdry(mgs) = 0.0

!     end if

!


!  graupel

!

!

      if ( wetgrowth(mgs) .or. (mixedphase .and. fhw(mgs) .gt. 0.05 .and. temg(mgs) .gt. 243.15) ) then


! soaking (when not advected liquid water film with graupel)


        IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 .and. .not. mixedphase) THEN

        ! rescale volumes to maximum density

         IF ( iwetsoak ) THEN


         rimdn(mgs,lh) = xdnmx(lh)

         raindn(mgs,lh) = xdnmx(lh)

         vhacw(mgs) = qhacw(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,lh)

         vhacr(mgs) = qhacr(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/raindn(mgs,lh)

!        IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 .and. wetgrowth(mgs) ) THEN

         IF ( xdn(mgs,lh) .lt. xdnmx(lh) ) THEN

         ! soak some liquid into the graupel

!           v1 = xdnmx(lh)*vx(mgs,lh)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*dtp) ! volume available for filling

           v1 = (1. - xdn(mgs,lh)/xdnmx(lh))*vx(mgs,lh)/(dtp) ! volume available for filling

!            tmp = (vx(mgs,lh)/rho0(mgs))*(xdnmx(lh) - xdn(mgs,lh)) ! max mixing ratio of liquid water that can be added

           v2 = rho0(mgs)*qhwet(mgs)/xdnmx(lh)  ! volume of frozen accretion


           vhsoak(mgs) = min(v1,v2)


         ENDIF


         ENDIF


         vhshdr(mgs) = min(0.0, rho0(mgs)*qhwet(mgs)/xdnmx(lh) - vhacw(mgs) - vhacr(mgs) )


        ELSEIF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1  .and. mixedphase ) THEN

!         vhacw(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhacw(mgs)/xdn0(lr)

!         vhacr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhacr(mgs)/xdn0(lr)

        ENDIF


      qhdpv(mgs) = 0.0

!      qhsbv(mgs) = 0.0

      chdpv(mgs) = 0.0

!      chsbv(mgs) = 0.0


! collection efficiency modification


      IF ( ehi(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

        qhaci(mgs) = min(qimxd(mgs),qhaci0(mgs))  ! effectively sets collection eff to 1

        chaci(mgs) = min(cimxd(mgs),chaci0(mgs))  ! effectively sets collection eff to 1

      ENDIF

      IF ( ehs(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

!        qhacs(mgs) = Min(qsmxd(mgs),qhacs(mgs)/ehs(mgs))  ! effectively sets collection eff to 1

        qhacs(mgs) = min(qsmxd(mgs),qhacs0(mgs)) !/ehs(mgs)                   ! divide out the collection efficiency

        chacs(mgs) = min(csmxd(mgs),chacs0(mgs)) !/ehs(mgs)                   ! divide out the collection efficiency

        ehs(mgs) = ehsmax ! 1.0 ! min(ehsfrac*ehs(mgs),ehsmax)            ! modify it

        qhacs(mgs) = min(qsmxd(mgs),qhacs(mgs))   ! plug it back in

      ENDIF


! be sure to catch particles with wet surfaces but not in wet growth to turn off Hallett-Mossop

      wetsfc(mgs) = .true.


      else

!        qhshr(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

!

!

!  hail

!

!      if ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. qhlshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 ) then

      if ( lhl > 1 .and. ( wetgrowthhl(mgs) .or. (mixedphase .and. fhlw(mgs) .gt. 0.05 .and. temg(mgs) .gt. 243.15) ) ) then

!      if ( wetgrowthhl(mgs) ) then


      qhldpv(mgs) = 0.0

!      qhlsbv(mgs) = 0.0

      chldpv(mgs) = 0.0

!      chlsbv(mgs) = 0.0


        IF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1  .and. .not. mixedphase ) THEN

!        IF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1 .and. wetgrowthhl(mgs) ) THEN


         IF ( iwetsoak ) THEN


         rimdn(mgs,lhl) = xdnmx(lhl)

         raindn(mgs,lhl) = xdnmx(lhl)

         vhlacw(mgs) = qhlacw(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,lhl)

         vhlacr(mgs) = qhlacr(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/raindn(mgs,lhl)


         IF ( xdn(mgs,lhl) .lt. xdnmx(lhl) ) THEN

         ! soak some liquid into the hail

!           v1 = xdnmx(lhl)*vx(mgs,lhl)/(xdn(mgs,lhl)*dtp) ! volume available for filling

           v1 = (1. - xdn(mgs,lhl)/xdnmx(lhl))*vx(mgs,lhl)/(dtp) ! volume available for filling

!            tmp = (vx(mgs,lhl)/rho0(mgs))*(xdnmx(lhl) - xdn(mgs,lhl)) ! max mixing ratio of liquid water that can be added

           v2 = rho0(mgs)*qhlwet(mgs)/xdnmx(lhl)  ! volume of frozen accretion

           IF ( v1 > v2 ) THEN ! all the frozen stuff fits in

             vhlsoak(mgs) = v2

           ELSE  ! fill up the available space

             vhlsoak(mgs) = v1

           ENDIF

!           vhlacw(mgs) = 0.0

!           vhlacr(mgs) = Max( 0.0, v2 - v1 )

         ELSE

           vhlsoak(mgs) = 0.0

!           vhlacw(mgs) = 0.0

!           vhlacr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlwet(mgs)/raindn(mgs,lhl)


         ENDIF


         ENDIF


         vhlshdr(mgs) = min(0.0, rho0(mgs)*qhlwet(mgs)/xdnmx(lhl) - vhlacw(mgs) - vhlacr(mgs) )


        ELSEIF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1  .and. mixedphase ) THEN

!         vhlacw(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlacw(mgs)/xdn0(lr)

!         vhlacr(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlacr(mgs)/xdn0(lr)

        ENDIF


      IF ( ehli(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

        qhlaci(mgs) = min(qimxd(mgs),qhlaci0(mgs))  ! effectively sets collection eff to 1

        chlaci(mgs) = min(cimxd(mgs),chlaci0(mgs))  ! effectively sets collection eff to 1

      ENDIF


!      IF ( ehls(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

!        qhlacs(mgs) = Min(qsmxd(mgs),qhlacs(mgs)/ehls(mgs))

!      ENDIF

      IF ( ehls(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

        qhlacs(mgs) = min(qsmxd(mgs),qhlacs0(mgs)) !/ehls(mgs)                   ! divide out the collection efficiency

        chlacs(mgs) = min(csmxd(mgs),chlacs0(mgs)) !/ehls(mgs)                   ! divide out the collection efficiency

        ehls(mgs) = ehsmax ! 1.0 ! min(ehsfrac*ehs(mgs),ehsmax)            ! modify it

!        qhlacs(mgs) = Min(qsmxd(mgs),qhlacs(mgs))   ! plug it back in

      ENDIF


!      qhlwet(mgs) = 1.0


! be sure to catch particles with wet surfaces but not in wet growth to turn off Hallett-Mossop

      wetsfchl(mgs) = .true.


      else

!      qhlshr(mgs) = 0.0

!      qhlwet(mgs) = 0.0

      end if


      end do

!

! Ice -> graupel conversion

!

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


      qhcni(mgs) = 0.0

      chcni(mgs) = 0.0

      chcnih(mgs) = 0.0

      vhcni(mgs) = 0.0


      IF ( iglcnvi .ge. 1 ) THEN

      IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.0 .and. qiacw(mgs) - qidpv(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


        tmp = rimc1*(-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &                *((0.60)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1))   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))**(rimc2)

        tmp = min( max( rimc3, tmp ), 900.0 )


        !  Assume that half the volume of the embryo is rime with density 'tmp'

        !  m = rhoi*(V/2) + rhorime*(V/2) = (rhoi + rhorime)*V/2

        !  V = 2*m/(rhoi + rhorime)


!        write(0,*)  'rime dens = ',tmp


        IF ( tmp .ge. 200.0 .or. iglcnvi >= 2 ) THEN

          r = max( 0.5*(xdn(mgs,li) + tmp), xdnmn(lh) )

!          r = Max( r, 400. )

          qhcni(mgs) = (qiacw(mgs) - qidpv(mgs)) ! *float(iglcnvi)

          chcni(mgs) = cx(mgs,li)*qhcni(mgs)/qx(mgs,li)

!          chcnih(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcni(mgs)/(1.6e-10)

          chcnih(mgs) = min(chcni(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhcni(mgs)/(r*xvmn(lh)) )

!          vhcni(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*2.0*qhcni(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,li) + tmp)

          vhcni(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcni(mgs)/r

        ENDIF


      ELSEIF ( iglcnvi == 3 ) THEN


       IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.0 .and. qiacw(mgs)*dtp > 2.*qxmin(lh) .and. gamice73fac*xmas(mgs,li) > xdnmn(lh)*xvmn(lh) ) THEN


        tmp = rimc1*(-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &                *((0.60)*vtxbar(mgs,li,1))   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))**(rimc2)

        tmp = min( max( rimc3, tmp ), 900.0 )


        !  Assume that half the volume of the embryo is rime with density 'tmp'

        !  m = rhoi*(V/2) + rhorime*(V/2) = (rhoi + rhorime)*V/2

        !  V = 2*m/(rhoi + rhorime)


!        write(0,*)  'rime dens = ',tmp

        ! convert to particles with the mass of the mass-weighted diameter

      !  massofmwr = gamice73fac*xmas(mgs,li)


        IF ( tmp .ge. xdnmn(lh)  ) THEN

          r = max( 0.5*(xdn(mgs,li) + tmp), xdnmn(lh) )

!          r = Max( r, 400. )

          qhcni(mgs) = 0.5*qiacw(mgs)

          chcni(mgs) = qhcni(mgs)/(gamice73fac*xmas(mgs,li))

          chcnih(mgs) = min(chcni(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhcni(mgs)/(r*xvmn(lh)) )

!          vhcni(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*2.0*qhcni(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,li) + tmp)

          vhcni(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcni(mgs)/r

        ENDIF


      ENDIF


      ENDIF

      ENDIF


      ENDDO


      qhlcnh(:) = 0.0

      chlcnh(:) = 0.0

      chlcnhhl(:) = 0.0

      vhlcnh(:) = 0.0

      vhlcnhl(:) = 0.0

      zhlcnh(:) = 0.0


      qhcnhl(:) = 0.0

      chcnhl(:) = 0.0

      vhcnhl(:) = 0.0

      zhcnhl(:) = 0.0


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1  ) THEN


      IF ( ihlcnh == 1 .or. ihlcnh == 3 ) THEN


!

!  Graupel (h) conversion to hail (hl) based on Milbrandt and Yau 2005b

!

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


!        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. ipconc .ge. 5 .and. qx(mgs,lh) .gt. 1.0e-3 .and.

!     :        xdn(mgs,lh) .gt. 750. .and. qhshr(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and.

!     :        xdia(mgs,lh,3) .gt. 1.e-3 ) THEN

        IF ( hlcnhdia > 0 ) THEN

          ltest = xdia(mgs,lh,3) .gt. hlcnhdia  ! test on mean volume diameter

        ELSE

!          ltest =  xdia(mgs,lh,1)*(3. + alpha(mgs,lh)) > Abs( hlcnhdia ) ! test on maximum mass diameter

          ltest =  xdia(mgs,lh,1)*(4. + alpha(mgs,lh)) > abs( hlcnhdia ) ! test on mass-weighted diameter

        ENDIF


    ! if incwet > 0, then should use dhwet here to avoid calculating again

         IF ( iusedw == 0 .and. ihlcnh == 1 ) THEN

           dg0(mgs) = -1.

         ELSE

         IF ( temg(mgs) .le. tfr+hailcnvtoffset .and. &

              (( (qhacw(mgs) + qhacr(mgs))*dtp > qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lh) > hlcnhqmin &

               .and.  temg(mgs) .gt. dwtempmin ) .or. ( wetgrowth(mgs) .and. qx(mgs,lh) > hlcnhqmin )) ) THEN

!         dw = 0.01*( Exp( -temcg(mgs)/( 1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*ehw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc) - 1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0 ) ) - 1.0 )

!         dwr = 0.01*( Exp( -temcg(mgs)/( 1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*(ehw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)+ehr(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)) - &

!                1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0 ) ) - 1.0 )

          IF ( incwet > 0 ) THEN

            d = dhwet(mgs)

          ELSE

            ! First guess for dwet (not that good, but it is something)

            x =   1.1e4 * rho0(mgs)*(ehw(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)+ehr(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)) - &

                1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0

            IF ( x > 1.e-20 ) THEN

              arg = min(70.0, (-temcg(mgs)/x )) ! prevent overflow of the exp function in 32 bit

              dwr = 0.01*(exp(arg) - 1.0)

            ELSE

              dwr = 1.e30

            ENDIF

            d = min(dwr, dg0thresh + 0.0001)

           IF ( dwr < 0.2 .and. dwr > 0.0 .and. rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr)) > 1.e-4 ) THEN

                      sqrtrhovt = sqrt( rhovt(mgs) )

                      fventh = sqrtrhovt*(fpndl(mgs)**(1./3.)) * (fakvisc(mgs))**(-0.5)

                      fventm = sqrtrhovt*(fschm(mgs)**(1./3.)) * (fakvisc(mgs))**(-0.5)

                      ltemq = (tfr-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

                      qvs0 = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

                      denomdp = felf(mgs) + fcw(mgs)*temcg(mgs)

                      denominvdp = 1.d0/(felf(mgs) + fcw(mgs)*temcg(mgs))


!                      write(91,*) 'dw,dwr,temcg = ',100.*dw,100.*dwr,temcg(mgs)

                      h1 = ( -ftka(mgs)*temcg(mgs) - felv(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lv) - qvs0) )

                      h2 = ehi(mgs)*qx(mgs,li)*rho0(mgs)*fci(mgs)*temcg(mgs)

                      h3 = max(dwehwmin, ehw(mgs))*qx(mgs,lc)

                      h4 = ehr(mgs)* qx(mgs,lr)

                      ! iterate to find minimum diameter for wet growth. Start with value of dwr

                      DO n = 1,10

                        d = max(d, 1.e-4)

                        dold = d

                        vth = axx(mgs,lh)*d**bxx(mgs,lh)

                        x2 = fventh*sqrtrhovt*sqrt(d*vth)

                       IF ( x2 > 1.4 ) THEN

                         ah = 0.78 + 0.308*x2  ! heat ventillation

                       ELSE

                         ah = 1.0 + 0.108*x2**2 ! mass ventillation (Beard and Pruppacher 1971, eq. 9)

                       ENDIF


                       IF ( .false. ) THEN ! this option includes 'am' separate from ah, which makes only small differences. Otherwise equivalent to second option

                        x1 = fventm*sqrtrhovt*sqrt(d*vth)

                        IF ( x1 > 1.4 ) THEN

                          am = 0.78 + 0.308*x1 ! mass ventillation (Beard and Pruppacher 1971, eq. 8)

                        ELSE

                          am = 1.0 + 0.108*x1**2 ! mass ventillation (Beard and Pruppacher 1971, eq. 9)

                        ENDIF


                        d = 8.*denominvdp*( am*felv(mgs)*fwvdf(mgs)*rho0(mgs)*(qvs0 - qx(mgs,lv)) - ah*ftka(mgs)*temcg(mgs)  )/ &

                           (dtp* ( ( max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))*h3 +                              &

                            max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))*h4) *rho0(mgs) +               &

                            max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,li,1))*h2*denominvdp))


                        ELSE


                        ! Based on Farley and Orville (1986), eq. 5-9 but neglecting the Ci*(T0-Ts) term in (8) since we want Ts=T0

                        ! Simplified mass rates as dm_w/dt = pi/4*d**2*(Vh - Vc)*rhoair*qc*ehw, etc.

                        d = 8.*ah*h1/ &

                            ( ( max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,lc,1))*h3 +                              &

                            max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,lr,1))*h4) *rho0(mgs)*denomdp +               &

                            max(0.001,vth - vtxbar(mgs,li,1))*h2)


                        ENDIF

                        IF ( abs(dold - d)/dold < 0.05 .or. ( n > 3 .and. d > dg0thresh ) ) EXIT


                      ENDDO


                      d = min( d, dg0thresh + 0.0001 )

              ENDIF ! dwr < 0.2 .and. dwr > 0.0

              ENDIF ! incwet


             ! dg0(mgs) = Min( dwmax, Max( d, dwmin ) )

              dg0(mgs) = max( d, dwmin )

          ELSE

         !   IF ( qx(mgs,lh) > qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lh) > hlcnhqmin .and. temg(mgs) .le. tfr+hailcnvtoffset  ) THEN

         !     dg0(mgs) = dwmax

         !   ELSE

              dg0(mgs) = dg0thresh + 0.0001

          !  ENDIF

          ENDIF


            IF ( ihlcnh == 3 .and. (qhacw(mgs) + qhacr(mgs))*dtp > qxmin(lh) .and. qx(mgs,lh) > hlcnhqmin &

                   .and. temg(mgs) .le. tfr+hailcnvtoffset .and. temg(mgs) > 238.0 ) THEN

           ! set a secondary condition on to capture large graupel that is riming but not in wet growth

!                dg0(mgs) = Min( dg0(mgs), dg0thresh - 0.0001 )

                dg0(mgs) = min( dg0(mgs), dwmax )

            ENDIF


          ENDIF


        wtest = (dg0(mgs) > 0.0 .and. dg0(mgs) < dg0thresh )


        IF ( ihlcnh == 1 ) THEN ! .or. iusedw == 0  THEN


        IF ( ( wetgrowth(mgs) .and. (xdn(mgs,lh) .gt. hldnmn .or. lvh < 1 ) .and.  & ! correct this when hail gets turned on

     &        rimdn(mgs,lh) .gt. 800. .and.   &

     &        ltest .and. qx(mgs,lh) .gt. hlcnhqmin ) .or. wtest ) THEN ! {

!     :        xdia(mgs,lh,3) .gt. 2.e-3 .and. qx(mgs,lh) .gt. 1.0e-3  THEN ! 0823.2008 erm test

!        IF ( xdia(mgs,lh,3) .gt. 1.e-3 ) THEN

        IF ( qhacw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. qhacw(mgs) .gt. qhaci(mgs) .and. temg(mgs) .le. tfr+hailcnvtoffset ) THEN ! {

        ! dh0 is the diameter dividing wet growth from dry growth (Ziegler 1985), modified by MY05

!          dh0 = 0.01*(exp(temcg(mgs)/(1.1e4*(qx(mgs,lc)+qx(mgs,lr)) -

!     :           1.3e3*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0e-3 ) ) - 1.0)

          IF ( wtest ) THEN

            dh0 = dg0(mgs)

          ELSE

            x = (1.1e4*(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)) - 1.3e3*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,li) + 1.0e-3 )

            IF ( x > 1.e-20 ) THEN

            arg = min(70.0, (-temcg(mgs)/x )) ! prevent overflow of the exp function in 32 bit

            dh0 = 0.01*(exp(arg) - 1.0)

            ELSE

             dh0 = 1.e30

            ENDIF

            dg0(mgs) = min(dh0, dg0thresh + 0.0001)

          ENDIF ! wtest

!          dh0 = Max( dh0, 5.e-3 )


!         IF ( dh0 .gt. 0.0 ) write(0,*) 'dh0 = ',dh0

!         IF ( dh0 .gt. 1.0e-4 ) THEN

         IF ( xdia(mgs,lh,3)/dh0 .gt. 0.1 ) THEN !{

!         IF ( xdia(mgs,lh,3) .lt. 20.*dh0 .and. dh0 .lt. 2.0*xdia(mgs,lh,3) ) THEN

           tmp = qhacw(mgs) + qhacr(mgs) + qhaci(mgs) + qhacs(mgs)

!           qtmp = Min( 1.0, xdia(mgs,lh,3)/(2.0*dh0) )*(tmp)

           qtmp = min( 100.0, xdia(mgs,lh,3)/(2.0*dh0) )*(tmp)

           qhlcnh(mgs) = min(  qxmxd(mgs,lh), qtmp )


           IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN !{

!           dh0 = Max( xdia(mgs,lh,3), Min( dh0, 5.e-3 ) ) ! do not create hail greater than 5mm diam. unless the graupel is larger

           IF ( .not. wtest ) dh0 = min( dh0, 10.e-3 ) ! do not create hail greater than 10mm diam., which is the max graupel size

           IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) > 0.1e-3 ) dh0 = max( dh0, xdia(mgs,lhl,3) ) ! when enough hail is established, do not dilute the size

           chlcnhhl(mgs) = min( cxmxd(mgs,lh), rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)*dh0**3/6.0) )


           r = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lh)*xv(mgs,lh))  ! number of graupel particles at mean volume diameter

           chlcnh(mgs) = max( chlcnhhl(mgs), r )

           ENDIF !}


           vhlcnh(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lh)

           vhlcnhl(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/max(xdnmn(lhl), xdn(mgs,lh))


          ENDIF !}


        ENDIF ! }

        ENDIF ! }


        ELSEIF ( ihlcnh == 3 ) THEN !{


          IF ( wtest  .and. &

               ( qhacw(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lh) .and. temg(mgs) .lt. tfr+hailcnvtoffset .and. qx(mgs,lh) > hlcnhqmin ) ) THEN

        ! convert number, mass, and reflectivity for d > dw

           IF ( ipconc == 5 ) THEN

            ! dg0(mgs) = Min( dg0(mgs), hldia1 )

             !dg0(mgs) = hldia1

           ENDIF


           ratio = min( maxratiolu, dg0(mgs)/xdia(mgs,lh,1) )


           ! mass

            tmp2 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),4,1)

           IF ( ipconc == 5 ) THEN

       !      tmp2 = Min( 0.25, tmp2 )

           ENDIF

            qxd1 = qx(mgs,lh)*(tmp2)

            qhlcnh(mgs) = dtpinv*qxd1

            flim = 1.0

            tmp3 = qxmxd(mgs,lh)

            IF (qxd1 > tmp3 ) THEN

!              flim = tmp3/(qxd1)

!              qhlcnh(mgs) = flim*qhlcnh(mgs)

            ENDIF


            IF ( ( qxd1 > qxmin(lhl) .and. ipconc > 5 ) .or. ( qxd1 > 10.*qxmin(lhl) .and. ipconc == 5) ) THEN


           ! number

            tmp = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),1,1)

             IF ( ipconc == 5 ) THEN

          !     tmp = Min( 0.2, tmp )

             ENDIF

            cxd1 = flim*cx(mgs,lh)*( tmp)

            chlcnh(mgs) = dtpinv*cxd1

            chlcnhhl(mgs) = chlcnh(mgs)


           IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) > qxmin(lhl) .and. dmhlopt > 0 ) THEN

             tmp = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/chlcnhhl(mgs)

             IF ( tmp < xmas(mgs,lhl) ) THEN

               ! dh0 = ( qxd1*dh0 + qx(mgs,lhl)*xmas(mgs,lhl))/( qxd1 + qx(mgs,lhl))  ! weighted average

               dh0 = (( qxd1*tmp**(1./3.) + qx(mgs,lhl)*xmas(mgs,lhl)**(1./3.))/( qxd1 + qx(mgs,lhl)))**3  ! weighted average

               chlcnhhl(mgs) = min( chlcnhhl(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/dh0 )

             ELSE

!               dh0 = Max( dh0, xmas(mgs,lhl) ) ! when enough hail is established, do not dilute the size

             ENDIF

           ENDIF


           ! reflectivity

           IF ( ipconc >= 6 .and. lzh > 1 .and. lzhl > 1 ) THEN

            tmp3 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),11,1)

            zxd1 = flim*zx(mgs,lh)*(tmp3)

            zhlcnh(mgs) = dtpinv*zxd1


              ! tmp4 is the Z from the converted particles assuming shape of alphamax

              tmp3 = g1xmax*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/((pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.0)**2)

              tmp4 = tmp3/cxd1

              IF ( tmp4 > zxd1 ) THEN ! calculate new hail number to match zxd1

                ! increase cxd1 to make z,q,c rates consistent

                ! cxd1 = g1xmax*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/(zxd1*(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.0)**2)

                cxd1 = tmp3/zxd1

                chlcnhhl(mgs) = dtpinv*cxd1

              ENDIF

           ELSE

            zxd1 = 0

           ENDIF

           IF ( ipconc == 5 ) THEN ! Adjust cxd1 by reflectivity removed from graupel

            tmp3 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),11,1)

            ! tmp5 is graupel reflectivity moment

            tmp5 = g1x(mgs,lh)*(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh))**2/((pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.)**2*cx(mgs,lh))

            zxd1 = flim*(tmp3)*tmp5

            ! tmp4 is the reflectivity of the newly-converted graupel particles (use g1x(lh) for loss term)

            ! which we want to match zxd1 to prevent spurious increase in total reflectivity

              tmp3 =  g1x(mgs,lh)*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/((pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.0)**2)

              tmp4 = tmp3/cxd1

              IF ( tmp4 > zxd1 ) THEN ! calculate new hail number to match zxd1

                ! cxd1 = g1x(mgs,lhl)*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/(zxd1*pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.0) ! trial form results in tiny hail

            ! want the adjust size of the new hail so that Z is conserved, so increase number of

            ! particles to make  qxd1,zxd1, and C consistent.

            ! want zxd1 = g1x(mgs,lh)*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/(c*(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.0)**2)

                 ! Use g1x(mgs,lh) here instead of g1x(mgs,lhl) because rzxhlh will then multiply

                 ! by g1x(mgs,lhl)/g1x(mgs,lh)

               ! cxd1 = g1x(mgs,lh)*(rho0(mgs)*qxd1)**2/(zxd1*(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)/6.0)**2)

                cxd1 = tmp3/zxd1

                chlcnhhl(mgs) = dtpinv*cxd1 ! multiplied later by rzxhlh(mgs)

              ENDIF

           ENDIF


            ELSE

               qhlcnh(mgs) = 0.0

            ENDIF


           vhlcnh(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lh)

           vhlcnhl(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/max(xdnmn(lhl), xdn(mgs,lh))


           ENDIF


        ENDIF !}


      ENDDO


      ELSEIF ( ihlcnh == 2 ) THEN ! 10-ice type conversion


!

! Staka and Mansell (2005) type conversion

!

!      hldia1 is set in micro_module and namelist

!      IF ( .true. ) THEN


        ! convert number, mass, and reflectivity for d > hldia1,

        ! regardless of wet growth status, but as long as riming > 0

        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

        IF ( qhacw(mgs)*dtp > qxmin(lh) .and. temg(mgs) .lt. tfr+hailcnvtoffset .and. qx(mgs,lh) > qxmin(lh) ) THEN

           ratio = min( maxratiolu, hldia1/xdia(mgs,lh,1) )


           ! number

            tmp = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),1,1)

            cxd1 = cx(mgs,lh)*( tmp)

            chlcnh(mgs) = dtpinv*cxd1

            chlcnhhl(mgs) = chlcnh(mgs)


           ! mass

            tmp2 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),4,1)

            qxd1 = qx(mgs,lh)*(tmp2)

            qhlcnh(mgs) = dtpinv*qxd1


           ! reflectivity

           IF ( lzh > 1 .and. lzhl > 1 ) THEN

            tmp3 = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lh),11,1)

            zxd1 = zx(mgs,lh)*(tmp3)

            zhlcnh(mgs) = dtpinv*zxd1

           ELSE

            zxd1 = 0

           ENDIF

           vhlcnh(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lh)

           vhlcnhl(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/max(xdnmn(lhl), xdn(mgs,lh))


         ENDIF


         ENDDO

!        ENDIF

      ELSEIF ( ihlcnh == 0 ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!      qhlcnh(mgs) = 0.0

!      chlcnh(mgs) = 0.0

      if ( wetgrowth(mgs) .and. temg(mgs) .lt. tfr-5. .and. qx(mgs,lh) > qxmin(lh) ) then

      if ( qhacw(mgs).gt.1.e-6 .and. ( xdn(mgs,lh) > 700. .or. lvh == 0 ) ) then

      qhlcnh(mgs) =                                                   &

        ((pi*xdn(mgs,lh)*cx(mgs,lh)) / (6.0*rho0(mgs)*dtp))           &

       *exp(-hldia1/xdia(mgs,lh,1))                                    &

       *( (hldia1**3) + 3.0*(hldia1**2)*xdia(mgs,lh,1)                  &

        + 6.0*(hldia1)*(xdia(mgs,lh,1)**2) + 6.0*(xdia(mgs,lh,1)**3) )

      qhlcnh(mgs) =   min(qhlcnh(mgs),qhmxd(mgs))

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN

        chlcnh(mgs) = min( cxmxd(mgs,lh), cx(mgs,lh)*exp(-hldia1/xdia(mgs,lh,1)))

        chlcnhhl(mgs) = chlcnh(mgs)

!        chlcnh(mgs) = Min( cxmxd(mgs,lh), rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/(2.0*xmas(mgs,lh) ))

      ENDIF

           vhlcnh(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lh)

           vhlcnhl(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhlcnh(mgs)/max(xdnmn(lhl), xdn(mgs,lh))

      end if

      end if

      end do


!      ENDIF ! true


      ENDIF ! ihlcnh options


     ! convert low-density hail to graupel

      IF ( icvhl2h >= 1 ) THEN

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

        IF (  qx(mgs,lhl) > qxmin(lhl) .and. xdn(mgs,lhl) < 0.5*(xdnmn(lhl) + xdnmx(lhl)) ) THEN

          tmp = min(0.95, 1. - 0.5*(1. + tanh(0.125*(xdn(mgs,lhl) - 1.01*xdnmn(lhl) )) ))

          qhcnhl(mgs) = tmp*qx(mgs,lhl)*dtpinv

          chcnhl(mgs) = cx(mgs,lhl)*qhcnhl(mgs)/qx(mgs,lhl)

          vhcnhl(mgs) = vx(mgs,lhl)*qhcnhl(mgs)/qx(mgs,lhl)


        ENDIF

      ENDDO


      ENDIF


      ENDIF ! lhl > 1


!

! Ziegler snow conversion to graupel

!

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


      qhcns(mgs) = 0.0

      chcns(mgs) = 0.0

      chcnsh(mgs) = 0.0

      vhcns(mgs) = 0.0


      qscnh(mgs) = 0.0

      cscnh(mgs) = 0.0

      vscnh(mgs) = 0.0


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN


        ! test attempt at converting graupel to snow when not riming but growing by deposition

        IF ( temg(mgs) < tfr .and. qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and. qhdpv(mgs) > qxmin(lh)*dtpinv  &

     &       .and. qhacw(mgs) < qxmin(lh)*dtpinv ) THEN

          IF ( xdn(mgs,lh) < 290. ) THEN

!          qscnh(mgs) = 2.*qhdpv(mgs)

!          cscnh(mgs) = cx(mgs,lh)*qscnh(mgs)/qx(mgs,lh)

!          vscnh(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qscnh(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lh)

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( qx(mgs,ls) .gt. qxmin(ls) .and. qsacw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


!      DATA VGRA/1.413E-2/  ! this is the volume (cm**3) of a 3mm diam. sphere

!    vgra = 1.4137e-8 m**3


!      DNNET=DNCNV-DNAGG

!      DQNET=QXCON+QSACC+SDEP

!

!      DNSCNV=EXP(-(ROS*XNS*VGRA/(RO*QI)))*((1.-(XNS*VGRA*ROS/

!     / (RO*QI)))*DNNET + (XNS**2*VGRA*ROS/(RO*QI**2))*DQNET)

!      IF(DNSCNV.LT.0.) DNSCNV=0.

!

!      QIHC=(ROS*VGRA/RO)*DNSCNV

!

!      QH=QH+DT*QIHC

!      QI=QI-DT*QIHC

!      XNH=XNH+DT*DNSCNV

!      XNS=XNS-DT*DNSCNV


        IF ( iglcnvs .eq. 1 ) THEN  ! Zrnic, Ziegler et al (1993)


        dnnet = cscnvis(mgs) + cscnis(mgs) - csacs(mgs)

        dqnet = qscnvi(mgs) + qscni(mgs) + qsacw(mgs) + qsdpv(mgs) + qssbv(mgs)


        a3 = 1./(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,ls))

        a1 = exp( - xdn(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,ls)*vgra*a3 ) !! EXP(-(ROS*XNS*VGRA/(RO*QI)))

! (1.-(XNS*VGRA*ROS/(RO*QI)))*DNNET

        a2 =  (1.-(cx(mgs,ls)*vgra*xdn(mgs,ls)*a3))*dnnet

! (XNS**2*VGRA*ROS/(RO*QI**2))*DQNET

        a4 = cx(mgs,ls)**2*vgra*xdn(mgs,ls)*a3/qx(mgs,ls)*dqnet


        chcns(mgs) = max( 0.0, a1*(a2 + a4) )

        chcns(mgs) = min( chcns(mgs), cxmxd(mgs,ls) )

        chcnsh(mgs) = chcns(mgs)


        qhcns(mgs) = min( xdn(mgs,ls)*vgra*rhoinv(mgs)*chcns(mgs), qxmxd(mgs,ls) )

        vhcns(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcns(mgs)/max(xdn(mgs,ls),xdnmn(lh))

!        vhcns(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcns(mgs)/Max(xdn(mgs,ls),400.)


        ELSEIF ( iglcnvs .ge. 2  ) THEN  ! treat like ice crystals, i.e., check for rime density (ERM)


          IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.0 .and. ( qsacw(mgs) - qsdpv(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .or. &

              ( iglcnvs >= 3 .and. qsacw(mgs)*dtp > 2.*qxmin(lh) .and. gamsnow73fac*xmas(mgs,ls) > xdnmn(lh)*xvmn(lh)  ) ) ) THEN !{


        tmp = rimc1*(-((0.5)*(1.e+06)*xdia(mgs,lc,1))   &

     &                *((0.60)*vtxbar(mgs,ls,1))   &

     &                /(temg(mgs)-273.15))**(rimc2)

!        tmp = Min( Max( rimc3, tmp ), 900.0 )

        tmp = min( tmp , 900.0 )


        !  Assume that half the volume of the embryo is rime with density 'tmp'

        !  m = rhoi*(V/2) + rhorime*(V/2) = (rhoi + rhorime)*V/2

        !  V = 2*m/(rhoi + rhorime)


!        write(0,*)  'rime dens = ',tmp


        IF ( iglcnvs == 2 ) THEN !{

        IF ( tmp .ge. 200.0  ) THEN

          r = max( 0.5*(xdn(mgs,ls) + tmp), xdnmn(lh) )

!          r = Max( r, 400. )

          qhcns(mgs) = (qsacw(mgs) - qsdpv(mgs))

          chcns(mgs) = cx(mgs,ls)*qhcns(mgs)/qx(mgs,ls)

!          chcnih(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcni(mgs)/(1.6e-10)

          chcnsh(mgs) = min(chcns(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhcns(mgs)/(r*xvmn(lh)) )

!          vhcni(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*2.0*qhcni(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,li) + tmp)

          vhcns(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcns(mgs)/r

        ENDIF


        ELSEIF ( iglcnvs == 3 ) THEN


         ! convert to particles with the mass of the mass-weighted diameter

      !  massofmwr = gamice73fac*xmas(mgs,li)


        IF ( tmp > xdnmn(lh) ) THEN

          r = max( 0.5*(xdn(mgs,ls) + tmp), xdnmn(lh) )

!          r = Max( r, 400. )

          qhcns(mgs) = 0.5*qsacw(mgs)

          chcns(mgs) = qhcns(mgs)/(gamsnow73fac*xmas(mgs,ls))

          chcns(mgs) = min( chcns(mgs), cx(mgs,ls)*qhcns(mgs)/qx(mgs,ls))

          chcnsh(mgs) = min(chcns(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qhcns(mgs)/(r*xvmn(lh)) )

          vhcns(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcns(mgs)/r

        ENDIF


        ENDIF !}


      ENDIF !}


        ENDIF


        ENDIF


       ELSE ! single moment lfo


        qhcns(mgs) = 0.001*ehscnv(mgs)*max((qx(mgs,ls)-6.e-4),0.0)

        qhcns(mgs) = min(qhcns(mgs),qxmxd(mgs,ls))

        IF ( lvol(lh) .ge. 1 ) vhcns(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*qhcns(mgs)/max(xdn(mgs,ls),400.)


       ENDIF

      ENDDO

!

!

!  heat budget for rain---not all rain that collects ice can freeze

!

!

!

      if ( irwfrz .gt. 0 .and. .not. mixedphase) then

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

!  compute total rain that freeze when it interacts with cloud ice

!

      qrztot(mgs) = qrfrz(mgs) + qiacr(mgs) + qsacr(mgs)

!

!  compute the maximum amount of rain that can freeze

!  Used to limit freezing to 4*qrmxd, but now allow all rain to freeze if possible

!

      qrzmax(mgs) =   &

     &  ( xdia(mgs,lr,1)*rwvent(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)*fwet1(mgs) )

      qrzmax(mgs) = max(qrzmax(mgs), 0.0)

      qrzmax(mgs) = min(qrztot(mgs), qrzmax(mgs))

      qrzmax(mgs) = min(qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv, qrzmax(mgs))


      IF ( temcg(mgs) < -30. ) THEN ! allow all to freeze if T < -30 because fwet becomes invalid (negative)

        qrzmax(mgs) = qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv

      ENDIF

!      qrzmax(mgs) = min(4.*qrmxd(mgs), qrzmax(mgs))

!

!  compute the correction factor

!

!      IF ( qrztot(mgs) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

      IF ( qrztot(mgs) .gt. qrzmax(mgs) .and. qrztot(mgs) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

        qrzfac(mgs) = qrzmax(mgs)/(qrztot(mgs))

      ELSE

        qrzfac(mgs) = 1.0

      ENDIF

      qrzfac(mgs) = min(1.0, qrzfac(mgs))

!

      end do

!

!

! now correct the above sources

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      if ( temg(mgs) .le. 273.15 .and. qrzfac(mgs) .lt. 1.0 ) then

      qrfrz(mgs)   = qrzfac(mgs)*qrfrz(mgs)

      qrfrzs(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*qrfrzs(mgs)

      qrfrzf(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*qrfrzf(mgs)

      qiacr(mgs)   = qrzfac(mgs)*qiacr(mgs)

      qsacr(mgs)   = qrzfac(mgs)*qsacr(mgs)

      qiacrf(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*qiacrf(mgs)

      qiacrs(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*qiacrs(mgs)

      crfrz(mgs)   = qrzfac(mgs)*crfrz(mgs)

      crfrzf(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*crfrzf(mgs)

      crfrzs(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*crfrzs(mgs)

      ciacr(mgs)   = qrzfac(mgs)*ciacr(mgs)

      ciacrf(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*ciacrf(mgs)

      ciacrs(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*ciacrs(mgs)


!      IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN

!        zrfrzf(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.)/(xdn0(lr)**2*(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.)) * &

!        ( 2.*tmp * qrfrzf(mgs) - tmp**2 * crfrzf(mgs)  )

!      ENDIF


       vrfrzf(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*vrfrzf(mgs)

       viacrf(mgs)  = qrzfac(mgs)*viacrf(mgs)

      end if

      end do

!

!

!

      end if

!

!

!

!  evaporation of rain

!

!

!

      qrcev(:) = 0.0

      crcev(:) = 0.0


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

      IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN


      qrcev(mgs) =   &

     &  fvce(mgs)*cx(mgs,lr)*rwvent(mgs)*rwcap(mgs)*evapfac

! this line to allow condensation on rain:

      IF ( rcond .eq. 1 ) THEN

        qrcev(mgs) = min(qrcev(mgs), qxmxd(mgs,lv))

! this line to have evaporation only:

      ELSE

        qrcev(mgs) = min(qrcev(mgs), 0.0)

      ENDIF


      qrcev(mgs) = max(qrcev(mgs), -qrmxd(mgs))

!      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.15 ) qrcev(mgs) = 0.0

      IF ( qrcev(mgs) .lt. 0. .and. lnr > 1 ) THEN

!        qrcev(mgs) =   -qrmxd(mgs)

!        crcev(mgs) = (rho0(mgs)/(xmas(mgs,lr)+1.e-20))*qrcev(mgs)

        IF ( icrcev == 1 ) THEN

          crcev(mgs) = (cx(mgs,lr)/(qx(mgs,lr)))*qrcev(mgs)

        ELSEIF ( icrcev == 2 ) THEN

          crcev(mgs) = (cx(mgs,lr)/(qx(mgs,lr)))*qrcev(mgs)*vtxbar(mgs,lr,2)/vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)

        ELSE

          crcev(mgs) = 0.0

        ENDIF

      ELSE

         crcev(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF

!      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. 273.15 ) crcev(mgs) = 0.0

!

      ENDIF


      end do

!

! evaporation/condensation of wet graupel and snow

!

      IF ( lhwlg > 1 ) THEN

      qhcevlg(:) = 0.0

      chcevlg(:) = 0.0

      ENDIF

      IF ( lhlwlg > 1 ) THEN

      qhlcevlg(:) = 0.0

      chlcevlg(:) = 0.0

      ENDIF


!

!

!

!  ICE MULTIPLICATION: Two modes (rimpa, and rimpb)

!  (following Cotton et al. 1986)

!


      chmul1(:) =  0.0

      chlmul1(:) =  0.0

      csmul1(:) = 0.0

!

      qhmul1(:) =  0.0

      qhlmul1(:) =  0.0

      qsmul1(:) =  0.0

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


       ltest =  qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh)

       IF ( lhl > 1 )  ltest =  ltest .or. qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl)


      IF ( (itype1 .ge. 1 .or. itype2 .ge. 1 )   &

     &              .and. qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc)) THEN

      if ( temg(mgs) .ge. 265.15 .and. temg(mgs) .le. 271.15 ) then

       IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

        IF ( xv(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.0     &

     &     .and.  ltest &

!     .and. itype2 .ge. 2    &

     &       ) THEN

!

!  Ziegler et al. 1986 Hallett-Mossop process.  VSTAR = 7.23e-15 (vol of 12micron radius)

!

         IF ( alpha(mgs,lc) == 0.0 ) THEN

           ex1 = (1./250.)*exp(-7.23e-15/xv(mgs,lc))

         ELSE


           ratio = (1. + alpha(mgs,lc))*(7.23e-15)/xv(mgs,lc)


           IF ( usegamxinfcnu ) THEN

            i = nint(dgami*(1. + alpha(mgs,lc)))

            gcnup1 = gmoi(i)

            ex1 = (1./250.)*gamxinf(1.+alpha(mgs,lc), ratio)/(gcnup1)

           ELSE

             ratio = min( maxratiolu, ratio )

             tmp = gaminterp(ratio,alpha(mgs,lc),1,1)

             ex1 = (1./250.)*tmp

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

       IF ( itype2 .le. 2 ) THEN

         ft = max(0.0,min(1.0,-0.11*temcg(mgs)**2 - 1.1*temcg(mgs)-1.7))

       ELSE

        IF ( temg(mgs) .ge. 265.15 .and. temg(mgs) .le. 267.15 ) THEN

          ft = 0.5

        ELSEIF (temg(mgs) .ge. 267.15 .and. temg(mgs) .le. 269.15 ) THEN

          ft = 1.0

        ELSEIF (temg(mgs) .ge. 269.15 .and. temg(mgs) .le. 271.15 ) THEN

          ft = 0.5

        ELSE

          ft = 0.0

        ENDIF

       ENDIF

!        rhoinv = 1./rho0(mgs)

!        DNSTAR = ex1*cglacw(mgs)


       IF ( ft > 0.0 ) THEN


        IF ( itype2 > 0 ) THEN

         IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and. (.not. wetsfc(mgs))  ) THEN

          chmul1(mgs) = ft*ex1*chacw(mgs)

!          chmul1(mgs) = Min( ft*ex1*chacw(mgs), ft*(30.*1.e+06)*rho0(mgs)*qhacw(mgs) ) ! 1.e+6 converts kg to mg; Saunders & Hosseini (2001) average of about 30 crystals per mg

          qhmul1(mgs) = cimas0*chmul1(mgs)*rhoinv(mgs)

         ENDIF

         IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

           IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and. (.not. wetsfchl(mgs))  ) THEN

            chlmul1(mgs) = (ft*ex1*chlacw(mgs))

            qhlmul1(mgs) = cimas0*chlmul1(mgs)*rhoinv(mgs)

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

        ENDIF ! itype2


        IF ( itype1 > 0 ) THEN

         IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and. (.not. wetsfc(mgs))  ) THEN

          tmp = ft*(3.5e+08)*rho0(mgs)*qhacw(mgs)

          chmul1(mgs) = chmul1(mgs) + tmp

          qhmul1(mgs) = qhmul1(mgs) + cimas0*tmp*rhoinv(mgs)

         ENDIF

         IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

           IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and. (.not. wetsfchl(mgs)) ) THEN

            tmp = ft*(3.5e+08)*rho0(mgs)*qhlacw(mgs)

            chlmul1(mgs) = chlmul1(mgs) + tmp

            qhlmul1(mgs) = qhlmul1(mgs) + cimas0*tmp*rhoinv(mgs)

           ENDIF

         ENDIF

        ENDIF ! itype1


        ENDIF ! ft


        ENDIF ! xv(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.0 .and.


       ELSE ! ipconc .lt. 2

!

!  define the temperature function

!

      fimt1(mgs) = 0.0

!

! Cotton et al. (1986) version

!

      if ( temg(mgs) .ge. 268.15 .and. temg(mgs) .le. 270.15 ) then

        fimt1(mgs) = 1.0 -(temg(mgs)-268.15)/2.0

      elseif (temg(mgs) .le. 268.15 .and. temg(mgs) .ge. 265.15 ) then

        fimt1(mgs) = 1.0 +(temg(mgs)-268.15)/3.0

      ELSE

        fimt1(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

!

! Ferrier (1994) version

!

      if ( temg(mgs) .ge. 265.15 .and. temg(mgs) .le. 267.15 ) then

        fimt1(mgs) = 0.5

      elseif (temg(mgs) .ge. 267.15 .and. temg(mgs) .le. 269.15 ) then

        fimt1(mgs) = 1.0

      elseif (temg(mgs) .ge. 269.15 .and. temg(mgs) .le. 271.15 ) then

        fimt1(mgs) = 0.5

      ELSE

        fimt1(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

!

!

!   type I:  350 splinters are formed for every 1e-3 grams of cloud

!            water accreted by graupel/hail (note converted to MKS units)

!            3.5e+8 has units of 1/kg

!

      IF ( itype1 .ge. 1 ) THEN

       fimta(mgs) = (3.5e+08)*rho0(mgs)

      ELSE

       fimta(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF


!

!

!   type II:  1 splinter formed for every 250 cloud droplets larger than

!             24 micons in diameter (12 microns in radius) accreted by

!             graupel/hail

!

!

      fimt2(mgs) = 0.0

      xcwmas = xmas(mgs,lc) * 1000.

!

      IF ( itype2 .ge. 1 ) THEN

      if ( xcwmas.lt.1.26e-9 ) then

        fimt2(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

      if ( xcwmas .le. 3.55e-9 .and. xcwmas .ge. 1.26e-9 ) then

        fimt2(mgs) = (2.27)*alog(xcwmas) + 13.39

      end if

      if ( xcwmas .gt. 3.55e-9 ) then

        fimt2(mgs) = 1.0

      end if


      fimt2(mgs) = min(fimt2(mgs),1.0)

      fimt2(mgs) = max(fimt2(mgs),0.0)


      ENDIF

!

!     qhmul2 = 0.0

!     qsmul2 = 0.0

!

!     qhmul2 =

!    >  (4.0e-03)*fimt1(mgs)*fimt2(mgs)*qhacw(mgs)

!     qsmul2 =

!    >  (4.0e-03)*fimt1(mgs)*fimt2(mgs)*qsacw(mgs)

!

!      cimas0 = (1.0e-12)

!      cimas0 = 2.5e-10

      IF ( .not. wetsfc(mgs) ) THEN

      chmul1(mgs) =  fimt1(mgs)*(fimta(mgs) +   &

     &                           (4.0e-03)*fimt2(mgs))*qhacw(mgs)

      ENDIF

!

      qhmul1(mgs) =  chmul1(mgs)*(cimas0/rho0(mgs))


         IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

           IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and. (.not. wetsfchl(mgs)) ) THEN

            tmp = fimt1(mgs)*(fimta(mgs) +   &

     &                           (4.0e-03)*fimt2(mgs))*qhlacw(mgs)

            chlmul1(mgs) =  tmp

            qhlmul1(mgs) = cimas0*tmp*rhoinv(mgs)

           ENDIF

         ENDIF


!      qsmul1(mgs) =  csmul1(mgs)*(cimas0/rho0(mgs))

!

      ENDIF ! ( ipconc .ge. 2 )


      end if ! (in temperature range)


      ENDIF ! ( itype1 .eq. 1 .or. itype2 .eq. 1)

!

      end do

!

!

!

!     end if

!

!     end do

!

!

! ICE MULTIPLICATION FROM SNOW

!   Lo and Passarelli 82 / Willis and Heymsfield 89 / Schuur and Rutledge 00b

!   using kfrag as fragmentation rate (s-1) / 500 microns as char mean diam for max snow mix ratio

!

      csmul(:) = 0.0

      qsmul(:) = 0.0


      IF ( isnwfrac /= 0 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

       IF (temg(mgs) .gt. 265.0) THEN !{

        if (xdia(mgs,ls,1) .gt. 100.e-6 .and. xdia(mgs,ls,1) .lt. 2.0e-3) then  ! equiv diameter 100microns to 2mm


        tmp = rhoinv(mgs)*pi*xdn(mgs,ls)*cx(mgs,ls)*(500.e-6)**3

        qsmul(mgs) = max( kfrag*( qx(mgs,ls) - tmp ) , 0.0 )


        qsmul(mgs) = min( qxmxd(mgs,li), qsmul(mgs) )

        csmul(mgs) = min( cxmxd(mgs,li), rho0(mgs)*qsmul(mgs)/mfrag )


        endif

       ENDIF !}

      enddo

      ENDIF


!

!  frozen rain-rain interaction....

!

!

!

!

!  rain-ice interaction

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qracif(mgs) = qraci(mgs)

      cracif(mgs) = craci(mgs)

!      ciacrf(mgs) = ciacr(mgs)

      end do

!

!

!  vapor to pristine ice crystals   UP

!

!

!

!  compute the nucleation rate

!

!     do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!     idqis = 0

!     if ( ssi(mgs) .gt. 1.0 ) idqis = 1

!     fiinit(mgs) = (felv(mgs)**2)/(cp*rw)

!     dqisdt(mgs) = (qx(mgs,lv)-qis(mgs))/

!    >  (1.0 + fiinit(mgs)*qis(mgs)/tsqr(mgs))

!     qidsvp(mgs) = dqisdt(mgs)

!     cnnt = min(cnit*exp(-temcg(mgs)*bta1),1.0e+09)

!     qiint(mgs) =

!    >  il5(mgs)*idqis*(1.0*dtpinv)

!    <  *min((6.88e-13)*cnnt/rho0(mgs), 0.25*dqisdt(mgs))

!     end do

!

!  Meyers et al. (1992; JAS) and Ferrier (1994) primary ice nucleation

!

      cmassin = cimasn  ! 6.88e-13

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qiint(mgs) = 0.0

      ciint(mgs) = 0.0

      qicicnt(mgs) = 0.0

      cicint(mgs) = 0.0

      qipipnt(mgs) = 0.0

      cipint(mgs) = 0.0

      ccitmp = 0.0

      IF ( icenucopt == 1 .or. icenucopt == -10 .or. icenucopt == -11 ) THEN

      if ( ( temg(mgs) .lt. 268.15 .or.  &

!     : ( imeyers5 .and. temg(mgs) .lt.  273.0) ) .and.    &

     & ( imeyers5 .and. temg(mgs) .lt.  272.0 .and. temgkm2(mgs) .lt. tfr) ) .and.    &

     &    ciintmx .gt. (cx(mgs,li)+ccitmp)  &

!     :    .and. cninm(mgs) .gt. 0.   &

     &     ) then

      fiinit(mgs) = (felv(mgs)**2)/(cp*rw)

      dqisdt(mgs) = (qx(mgs,lv)-qis(mgs))/   &

     &  (1.0 + fiinit(mgs)*qis(mgs)/tsqr(mgs))

!      qidsvp(mgs) = dqisdt(mgs)

      idqis = 0

      if ( ssi(mgs) .gt. 1.0 ) THEN

      idqis = 1

      dzfacp = max( float(kgsp(mgs)-kgs(mgs)), 0.0 )

      dzfacm = max( float(kgs(mgs)-kgsm(mgs)), 0.0 )

      qiint(mgs) =   &

     &  idqis*il5(mgs)   &

     &  *(cmassin/rho0(mgs))   &

     &  *max(0.0,wvel(mgs))   &

     &  *max((cninp(mgs)-cninm(mgs)),0.0)/gz(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))   &

     &  /((dzfacp+dzfacm))


      qiint(mgs) = min(qiint(mgs), max(0.25*dqisdt(mgs),0.0))

      ciint(mgs) = qiint(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/cmassin


!

! limit new crystals so it does not increase the current concentration

!  above ciintmx 20,000 per liter (2.e7 per m**3)

!

!      ciintmx = 1.e9

!      ciintmx = 1.e9

      IF ( icenucopt /= -10 ) THEN


        IF ( lcin > 1 ) THEN

          ciint(mgs) = min(ciint(mgs), ccin(mgs)*dtpinv) ! because ciint is a *rate*

          ccin(mgs) = ccin(mgs) - ciint(mgs)*dtp

          qiint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)*cmassin/rho0(mgs)

        ELSEIF ( lcina > 1 ) THEN

          ciint(mgs) = max(0.0, min( ciint(mgs), min( cnina(mgs), ciintmx ) - cina(mgs) ))

          qiint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)*cmassin/rho0(mgs)


        ELSEIF ( icenucopt == 1 .and. ciint(mgs) .gt. max(0.0, ciintmx - cx(mgs,li) - ccitmp )*dtpinv  ) THEN

          ciint(mgs) = max(0.0, ciintmx - (cx(mgs,li)) )*dtpinv

          qiint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)*cmassin/rho0(mgs)


        ELSEIF ( icenucopt == -11 .and. dtp*ciint(mgs) .gt. ( cnina(mgs) - (cx(mgs,li) - ccitmp))) THEN

          ciint(mgs) = max(0.0,  cnina(mgs) - (cx(mgs,li)+ccitmp)*dtpinv )

          qiint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)*cmassin/rho0(mgs)


        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      end if

      endif


      ELSEIF ( icenucopt == 2 .or. icenucopt == -1 .or. icenucopt == -2 ) THEN


        IF ( ( temg(mgs) .lt. 268.15 .and. ssw(mgs) > 1.0 ) .or. ssi(mgs) > 1.25 ) THEN

          IF ( lcin > 1 ) THEN

           ciint(mgs) = min(cnina(mgs), ccin(mgs))

           ciint(mgs) = min( ciint(mgs), max(0.0, ciintmx - (cx(mgs,li) - ccitmp) ) ) ! do not initiate ice beyond concentration of ciintmx

           ccin(mgs) = ccin(mgs) - ciint(mgs)

           ciint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)*dtpinv ! convert total initiation to a rate

          ELSE

           ciint(mgs) = max( 0.0, cnina(mgs) - cina(mgs) )*dtpinv

          ENDIF

          qiint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)*cmassin/rho0(mgs)


          fiinit(mgs) = (felv(mgs)**2)/(cp*rw)

          dqisdt(mgs) = (qx(mgs,lv)-qis(mgs))/(1.0 + fiinit(mgs)*qis(mgs)/tsqr(mgs))

          qiint(mgs) = min(qiint(mgs), max(0.25*dqisdt(mgs),0.0))

          ciint(mgs) = qiint(mgs)*rho0(mgs)/cmassin

        ENDIF


      ELSEIF ( icenucopt == 3 .or. icenucopt == 4 .or. icenucopt == 10 ) THEN

        IF (  temg(mgs) .lt. 268.15 ) THEN

          IF ( lcin > 1 ) THEN

           ciint(mgs) = min(cnina(mgs), ccin(mgs))

           ciint(mgs) = min( ciint(mgs), max(0.0, ciintmx - (cx(mgs,li) + ccitmp) ) ) ! do not initiate ice beyond concentration of ciintmx

           ccin(mgs) = ccin(mgs) - ciint(mgs)

           ciint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)*dtpinv ! convert total initiation to a rate

          ELSE

           ciint(mgs) = max( 0.0, cnina(mgs) - cina(mgs) )*dtpinv

          ENDIF

          qiint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)*cmassin/rho0(mgs)

        ENDIF


      ENDIF

!

      if ( xplate(mgs) .eq. 1 ) then

      qipipnt(mgs) = qiint(mgs)

      cipint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)

      end if

!

      if ( xcolmn(mgs) .eq. 1 ) then

      qicicnt(mgs) = qiint(mgs)

      cicint(mgs) = ciint(mgs)

      end if

!

!     qipipnt(mgs) = 0.0

!     qicicnt(mgs) = qiint(mgs)

!

      end do

!

!


!

!  vapor to cloud droplets   UP

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 8'

!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'Collection: set 3-component'

!

!  time for riming....

!

!     rimtim = 240.0

!     dtrim = rimtim

!     xacrtim  = 120.0

!     tranfr = 0.50

!     tranfw = 0.50

!

!  coefficients for riming

!

!     rimc1 = 300.00

!     rimc2 = 0.44

!

!

!  zero some arrays

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qrshr(mgs) = 0.0

      qwshw(mgs) = 0.0

      cwshw(mgs) = 0.0

      qsshrp(mgs) = 0.0

      qhshrp(mgs) = 0.0

      end do

!

!

!  first sum all of the shed rain

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qrshr(mgs) = qsshr(mgs) + qhshr(mgs) + qhlshr(mgs)

      crshr(mgs) = chshrr(mgs)/rzxh(mgs) + chlshrr(mgs)/rzxhl(mgs)


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

!       crshr(mgs) = Max(crshr(mgs), rho0(mgs)*qrshr(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*vr1mm) )

      ENDIF

      end do

!

!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'dbg = 8a'


!

!

!

!

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) THEN

!

!

!  concentration production terms

!

!  YYY

!

!

!       DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

       pccwi(:) = 0.0

       pccwd(:) = 0.0

       pccwdacc(:) = 0.0

       pccii(:) = 0.0

       pccin(:) = 0.0

       pccid(:) = 0.0

       pcisi(:) = 0.0

       pcisd(:) = 0.0

       pcrwi(:) = 0.0

       pcrwd(:) = 0.0

       pcswi(:) = 0.0

       pcswd(:) = 0.0

       pchwi(:) = 0.0

       pchwd(:) = 0.0

       pchli(:) = 0.0

       pchld(:) = 0.0

!       ENDDO

!

!  Cloud ice

!

!      IF ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) THEN

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'cloud ice sum'


      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN

      IF ( ffrzs < 1.0 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pccii(mgs) =   &

     &   il5(mgs)*cicint(mgs)  &

     &  +il5(mgs)*((1.0-cwfrz2snowfrac)*cwfrzc(mgs)+cwctfzc(mgs)   &

     &  +cicichr(mgs))   &

     &  +chmul1(mgs)   &

     &  +chlmul1(mgs)    &

     &  + csplinter(mgs) + csplinter2(mgs)   &

     &  +csmul(mgs)


       pccii(mgs) = pccii(mgs)*(1.0 - ffrzs)


!     >  + nsplinter*(crfrzf(mgs) + crfrz(mgs))

      pccid(mgs) =   &

     &   il5(mgs)*(-cscni(mgs) - cscnvi(mgs) & ! - cwaci(mgs)   &

     &  -craci(mgs)    &

     &  -csaci(mgs)   &

     &  -chaci(mgs) - chlaci(mgs)   &

     &  -chcni(mgs))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*cisbv(mgs)   &

     &  -(1.-il5(mgs))*cimlr(mgs)


      pccin(mgs) = ciint(mgs)


      end do

      ENDIF ! ffrzs

      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


!      qiint(mgs) = 0.0

!      cicint(mgs) = 0.0

!      qicicnt(mgs) = 0.0


      pccii(mgs) =   &

     &   il5(mgs)*cicint(mgs)   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*((1.0-cwfrz2snowfrac)*cwfrzc(mgs)+cwctfzc(mgs)   &

     &  +cicichr(mgs))   &

     &  +chmul1(mgs)   &

     &  +chlmul1(mgs)    &

     &  + csplinter(mgs) + csplinter2(mgs)   &

     &  +csmul(mgs)


       pccii(mgs) = pccii(mgs)*(1. - ffrzs)

      pccid(mgs) =   &

!     &   il5(mgs)*(-cscni(mgs) - cscnvi(mgs) & ! - cwaci(mgs)   &

!     &  -craci(mgs)    &

!     &  -csaci(mgs)   &

!     &  -chaci(mgs) - chlaci(mgs)   &

!     &  -chcni(mgs))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*cisbv(mgs)   &

     &  -(1.-il5(mgs))*cimlr(mgs)


      pccin(mgs) = ciint(mgs)


      end do

      ENDIF ! warmonly


!      ENDIF ! ( ipconc .ge. 1 )

!

!  Cloud water

!

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pccwi(mgs) =  (0.0) - cwshw(mgs) ! + (1-il5(mgs))*(-cirmlw(mgs))


      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN

      pccwd(mgs) =    &

     &  - cautn(mgs) +   &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-ciacw(mgs)-cwfrz(mgs)-cwctfzp(mgs)   &

     &  -cwctfzc(mgs)   &

     &   )   &

     &  -cracw(mgs) -csacw(mgs)  -chacw(mgs) - chlacw(mgs)


      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

      pccwd(mgs) =    &

     &  - cautn(mgs) +   &

     &  il5(mgs)*(  &

     & -ciacw(mgs)-cwfrz(mgs)-cwctfzp(mgs)   &

     &  -cwctfzc(mgs)   &

     &   )   &

     &  -cracw(mgs) -chacw(mgs) -chlacw(mgs)

      ELSE


!       tmp3d(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) = crcnw(mgs)


!       cracw(mgs) = 0.0 ! turn off accretion

!       qracw(mgs) = 0.0

!       crcev(mgs) = 0.0 ! turn off evap

!       qrcev(mgs) = 0.0 ! turn off evap

!       cracr(mgs) = 0.0 ! turn off self collection


!       cautn(mgs) = 0.0

!       crcnw(mgs) = 0.0

!       qrcnw(mgs) = 0.0


      pccwd(mgs) =    &

     &  - cautn(mgs) -cracw(mgs)

      ENDIF


      IF ( .false. .and. exwmindiam > 0.0 .and. ccwresv(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

      pccwdacc(mgs) =    &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-ciacw(mgs)  &

     &   )   &

     &  -cracw(mgs) -csacw(mgs)  -chacw(mgs) - chlacw(mgs)


      IF ( -pccwdacc(mgs)*dtp .gt. cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs) ) THEN


       frac = -(cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs) )/(pccwdacc(mgs)*dtp)

       pccwdacc(mgs) = -(cx(mgs,lc) - ccwresv(mgs) )*dtpinv


        ciacw(mgs)   = frac*ciacw(mgs)

        cracw(mgs)   = frac*cracw(mgs)

        csacw(mgs)   = frac*csacw(mgs)

        chacw(mgs)   = frac*chacw(mgs)

        cautn(mgs)   = frac*cautn(mgs)


        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) chlacw(mgs)   = frac*chlacw(mgs)


! resum

      pccwd(mgs) =    &

     &  - cautn(mgs) +   &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-ciacw(mgs)-cwfrzp(mgs)-cwctfzp(mgs)   &

     &  -cwfrzc(mgs)-cwctfzc(mgs)   &

     &  -il5(mgs)*(ciihr(mgs))   &

     &   )   &

     &  -cracw(mgs) -csacw(mgs)  -chacw(mgs) - chlacw(mgs)


      ENDIF


      ENDIF


      IF ( -pccwd(mgs)*dtp .gt. cx(mgs,lc) ) THEN

!       write(0,*) 'OUCH! pccwd(mgs)*dtp .gt. ccw(mgs) ',pccwd(mgs),cx(mgs,lc)

!       write(0,*) 'qc = ',qx(mgs,lc)

!       write(0,*) -ciacw(mgs)-cwfrzp(mgs)-cwctfzp(mgs)-cwfrzc(mgs)-cwctfzc(mgs)

!       write(0,*)  -cracw(mgs) -csacw(mgs)  -chacw(mgs)

!       write(0,*) - cautn(mgs)


       frac = -cx(mgs,lc)/(pccwd(mgs)*dtp)

       pccwd(mgs) = -cx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv


        ciacw(mgs)   = frac*ciacw(mgs)

        cwfrz(mgs)  = frac*cwfrz(mgs)

        cwfrzp(mgs)  = frac*cwfrzp(mgs)

        cwctfzp(mgs) = frac*cwctfzp(mgs)

        cwfrzc(mgs)  = frac*cwfrzc(mgs)

        cwctfzc(mgs) = frac*cwctfzc(mgs)

        cwctfz(mgs) = frac*cwctfz(mgs)

        cracw(mgs)   = frac*cracw(mgs)

        csacw(mgs)   = frac*csacw(mgs)

        chacw(mgs)   = frac*chacw(mgs)

        cautn(mgs)   = frac*cautn(mgs)


        pccii(mgs) = pccii(mgs) - (1.-frac)*il5(mgs)*(cwfrzc(mgs)+cwctfzc(mgs))*(1. - ffrzs)

        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) chlacw(mgs)   = frac*chlacw(mgs)


!       STOP

      ENDIF


      end do


      ENDIF ! ipconc


!

!  Rain

!

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN

      pcrwi(mgs) = &

!     >   cracw(mgs) +    &

     &   crcnw(mgs)   &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*(   &

     &    -chmlrr(mgs)/rzxh(mgs)   &

     &    -chlmlrr(mgs)/rzxhl(mgs)   &

!     &    -csmlr(mgs)/rzxs(mgs)     &

     &   -csmlrr(mgs)     &

     &   - cimlr(mgs) )   &

     &  - min(0.0,cracr(mgs)) &  ! cracr is negative if there is enough breakup

     &  -crshr(mgs)             !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

      pcrwd(mgs) =   &

     &   il5(mgs)*(-ciacr(mgs) - crfrz(mgs) ) & ! - cipacr(mgs))

!     >  -csacr(mgs)   &

     &  - chacr(mgs) - chlacr(mgs)   &

     &  +crcev(mgs)   &

     &  - max(0.0,cracr(mgs))

!     >  -il5(mgs)*ciracr(mgs)


      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

       pcrwi(mgs) = &

     &   crcnw(mgs)   &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*(   &

     &    -chmlrr(mgs)/rzxh(mgs)    &

     &    -chlmlrr(mgs)/rzxhl(mgs)   &

!     &    -csmlr(mgs)     &

     &   -csmlrr(mgs)     &

     &   - cimlr(mgs) )   &

     &  -crshr(mgs)             !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

      pcrwd(mgs) =   &

     &   il5(mgs)*( - crfrz(mgs) ) & ! - cipacr(mgs))

     &  - chacr(mgs)    &

     &  - chlacr(mgs)    &

     &  +crcev(mgs)   &

     &  - cracr(mgs)

      ELSE

      pcrwi(mgs) =   &

     &   crcnw(mgs)

      pcrwd(mgs) =   &

     &  +crcev(mgs)   &

     &  - cracr(mgs)


!        tmp3d(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) = vtxbar(mgs,lr,1) ! crcnw(mgs) ! (pcrwi(mgs) + pcrwd(mgs))

!        pcrwi(mgs) = 0.0

!        pcrwd(mgs) = 0.0

!        qrcnw(mgs) = 0.0


      ENDIF


      frac = 0.0

      IF ( -pcrwd(mgs)*dtp .gt. cx(mgs,lr) ) THEN

!       write(0,*) 'OUCH! pcrwd(mgs)*dtp .gt. crw(mgs) ',pcrwd(mgs)*dtp,cx(mgs,lr),mgs,igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)

!       write(0,*) -ciacr(mgs)

!       write(0,*) -crfrz(mgs)

!       write(0,*) -chacr(mgs)

!       write(0,*)  crcev(mgs)

!       write(0,*)  -cracr(mgs)


       frac =  -cx(mgs,lr)/(pcrwd(mgs)*dtp)

       pcrwd(mgs) = -cx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv


        ciacr(mgs) = frac*ciacr(mgs)

        ciacrf(mgs) = frac*ciacrf(mgs)

        ciacrs(mgs) = frac*ciacrs(mgs)

        crfrz(mgs) = frac*crfrz(mgs)

        crfrzf(mgs) = frac*crfrzf(mgs)

        crfrzs(mgs) = frac*crfrzs(mgs)

        chacr(mgs) = frac*chacr(mgs)

        chlacr(mgs) = frac*chlacr(mgs)

        crcev(mgs) = frac*crcev(mgs)

        cracr(mgs) = frac*cracr(mgs)


!       STOP

      ENDIF


      end do


      ENDIF


      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN


!

!  Snow

!

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN !


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pcswi(mgs) =   &

     &   il5(mgs)*(cscnis(mgs) + cscnvis(mgs) )    &

     &  + cwfrz2snowfrac*cwfrz(mgs)/cwfrz2snowratio  &

     &  + cscnh(mgs)


      IF (  ffrzs > 0.0 ) THEN

       pcswi(mgs) =  pcswi(mgs) + ffrzs* (  &

     &   il5(mgs)*cicint(mgs)   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(cwfrzc(mgs)+cwctfzc(mgs)   &

     &  +cicichr(mgs))  &

     &  +chmul1(mgs)   &

     &  +chlmul1(mgs)    &

     &  + csplinter(mgs) + csplinter2(mgs)   &

     &  +csmul(mgs) )

      ENDIF


      IF ( ess0 < 0.0 ) THEN

         csacs(mgs) = max(0.0, csacs(mgs) - (ifrzs)*(crfrzs(mgs) + ciacrs(mgs)))

      ENDIF


      pcswd(mgs) = &

!     :  cracs(mgs)     &

     &  -chacs(mgs) - chlacs(mgs)   &

     &  -chcns(mgs)   &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*csmlr(mgs) + csshr(mgs) & ! + csshrp(mgs)

!     >  +il5(mgs)*(cssbv(mgs))   &

     &   + cssbv(mgs)   &

     &  - csacs(mgs)


      frac = 0.0

      IF ( imixedphase == 0 ) THEN

        IF ( cx(mgs,ls) + dtp*(pcswi(mgs) + pcswd(mgs)) < 0.0 ) THEN

         frac = (-cx(mgs,ls) + pcswi(mgs)*dtp)/(pcswd(mgs)*dtp)


           pcswd(mgs) = frac*pcswd(mgs)


           chacs(mgs)  = frac*chacs(mgs)

           chlacs(mgs) = frac*chlacs(mgs)

           chcns(mgs)  = frac*chcns(mgs)

           csmlr(mgs)  = frac*csmlr(mgs)

           csshr(mgs)  = frac*csshr(mgs)

           cssbv(mgs)  = frac*cssbv(mgs)

           csacs(mgs)  = frac*csacs(mgs)


        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      pccii(mgs) =  pccii(mgs) &

     &  + (1. - ifrzs)*crfrzs(mgs) &

     &  + (1. - ifrzs)*ciacrs(mgs)


      pcswi(mgs) =  pcswi(mgs) &

     &  + (ifrzs)*crfrzs(mgs) &

     &  + (ifrzs)*ciacrs(mgs)


      end do


      ENDIF


!

!  Graupel

!

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN !

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pchwi(mgs) =   &

     &  +(ffrzh*ifrzg*crfrzf(mgs)   &

     & +il5(mgs)*ffrzh*ifiacrg*(ciacrf(mgs) ))    &

     & + f2h*chcnsh(mgs) + f2h*chcnih(mgs) + chcnhl(mgs)


      pchwd(mgs) =   &

     &  (1-il5(mgs))*chmlr(mgs) &

!     >  + il5(mgs)*chsbv(mgs)   &

     &  + chsbv(mgs)   &

     &  - il5(mgs)*chlcnh(mgs) &

     &  - cscnh(mgs)


      end do


!


!

!  Hail

!

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. lnhl > 1 ) THEN !

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pchli(mgs) = (ffrzh*(1.0-ifrzg)*crfrzf(mgs) +il5(mgs)*ffrzh*(1.0-ifiacrg)*(ciacrf(mgs) ))  &

     & + chlcnhhl(mgs) *rzxhlh(mgs)


      pchld(mgs) =   &

     &  (1-il5(mgs))*chlmlr(mgs)   &

!     >  + il5(mgs)*chlsbv(mgs)   &

     &  + chlsbv(mgs) - chcnhl(mgs)


      IF ( imixedphase == 0 ) THEN

      frac = 0.0

      IF ( cx(mgs,lhl) + dtp*(pchli(mgs) + pchld(mgs)) < 0.0 ) THEN

        ! rescale depletion


         frac = (-cx(mgs,lhl) + pchli(mgs)*dtp)/(pchld(mgs)*dtp)


         chlmlr(mgs) = frac*chlmlr(mgs)

         chlsbv(mgs) = frac*chlsbv(mgs)

         chcnhl(mgs) = frac*chcnhl(mgs)


         pchld(mgs) = frac*pchld(mgs)


      ENDIF

      ENDIF


      end do


      ENDIF

!


      ENDIF ! (ipconc .ge. 5 )


      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN


!

!  Graupel

!

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN !

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pchwi(mgs) =   &

     &  +ifrzg*(crfrzf(mgs) ) ! +il5(mgs)*(ciacrf(mgs) ))


      pchwd(mgs) =   &

     &  (1-il5(mgs))*chmlr(mgs) &

     &  - il5(mgs)*chlcnh(mgs)

      end do

!

!  Hail

!

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN !

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pchli(mgs) = (1.0-ifrzg)*(crfrzf(mgs)) & ! +il5(mgs)*(ciacrf(mgs) ))  &

     & + chlcnhhl(mgs) *rzxhl(mgs)/rzxh(mgs)


      pchld(mgs) =   &

     &  (1-il5(mgs))*chlmlr(mgs) !  &

!     >  + il5(mgs)*chlsbv(mgs)   &

!     &  + chlsbv(mgs)


!      IF ( pchli(mgs) .ne. 0. .or. pchld(mgs) .ne. 0 ) THEN

!       write(0,*) 'dr: pchli,pchld = ', pchli(mgs),pchld(mgs), igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)

!      ENDIF

      end do


      ENDIF


      ENDIF ! ipconc >= 5


      ENDIF ! warmonly


!


!

!  Balance and checks for continuity.....within machine precision...

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pctot(mgs)   = pccwi(mgs) +pccwd(mgs) +   &

     &               pccii(mgs) +pccid(mgs) +   &

     &               pcrwi(mgs) +pcrwd(mgs) +   &

     &               pcswi(mgs) +pcswd(mgs) +   &

     &               pchwi(mgs) +pchwd(mgs) +   &

     &               pchli(mgs) +pchld(mgs)

      end do

!

!

      ENDIF ! ( ipconc .ge. 1 )

!

!

!

!

!

!  GOGO

!  production terms for mass

!

!

       pqwvi(:) = 0.0

       pqwvd(:) = 0.0

       pqcwi(:) = 0.0

       pqcwd(:) = 0.0

       pqcwdacc(:) = 0.0

       pqcii(:) = 0.0

       pqcid(:) = 0.0

       pqrwi(:) = 0.0

       pqrwd(:) = 0.0

       pqswi(:) = 0.0

       pqswd(:) = 0.0

       pqhwi(:) = 0.0

       pqhwd(:) = 0.0

       pqhli(:) = 0.0

       pqhld(:) = 0.0

       pqlwsi(:) = 0.0

       pqlwsd(:) = 0.0

       pqlwhi(:) = 0.0

       pqlwhd(:) = 0.0

       pqlwlghi(:) = 0.0

       pqlwlghd(:) = 0.0

       pqlwlghli(:) = 0.0

       pqlwlghld(:) = 0.0

       pqlwhli(:) = 0.0

       pqlwhld(:) = 0.0

       IF ( ipconc > 5 ) THEN

       pzhwi(:) = 0.0

       pzhwd(:) = 0.0

       pzrwi(:) = 0.0

       pzrwd(:) = 0.0

       pzhli(:) = 0.0

       pzhld(:) = 0.0

       ENDIF


!

!  Vapor

!

      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


! NOTE: ANY CHANGES HERE ALSO NEED TO GO INTO THE RESUM FARTHER DOWN!

      pqwvi(mgs) =    &

     &  -min(0.0, qrcev(mgs))   &

     &  -min(0.0, qhcev(mgs))   &

     &  -min(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))   &

     &  -min(0.0, qscev(mgs))   &

!     >  +il5(mgs)*(-qhsbv(mgs) - qhlsbv(mgs) )   &

     &  -qhsbv(mgs) - qhlsbv(mgs)   &

     &  -qssbv(mgs)    &

     &  -il5(mgs)*qisbv(mgs)


      pqwvd(mgs) =     &

     &  -max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))   &

     &  -max(0.0, qhcev(mgs))   &

     &  -max(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))   &

     &  -max(0.0, qscev(mgs))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(-qiint(mgs)   &

     &  -qhdpv(mgs) -qsdpv(mgs) - qhldpv(mgs))   &

     &  -il5(mgs)*qidpv(mgs)


      end do


      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqwvi(mgs) =    &

     &  -min(0.0, qrcev(mgs)) &

     &  -il5(mgs)*qisbv(mgs)

      pqwvd(mgs) =     &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(-qiint(mgs)   &

!     &  -qhdpv(mgs) ) & !- qhldpv(mgs))   &

     &  -qhdpv(mgs) - qhldpv(mgs))   &

!     &  -qhdpv(mgs) -qsdpv(mgs) - qhldpv(mgs))   &

     &  -max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))     &

     &  -il5(mgs)*qidpv(mgs)

      end do


      ELSE

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqwvi(mgs) =    &

     &  -min(0.0, qrcev(mgs))

      pqwvd(mgs) =     &

     &  -max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))

      end do


      ENDIF ! warmonly

!

!  Cloud water

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      pqcwi(mgs) =  (0.0) + qwcnr(mgs) - qwshw(mgs)


      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN

      pqcwd(mgs) =    &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-qiacw(mgs)-qwfrz(mgs)-qwctfz(mgs))   &

     &  -il5(mgs)*(qiihr(mgs))   &

     &  -qracw(mgs) -qsacw(mgs) -qrcnw(mgs) -qhacw(mgs) - qhlacw(mgs)  !&

!     &  -il5(mgs)*(qwfrzp(mgs))

      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

      pqcwd(mgs) =    &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-qiacw(mgs)-qwfrz(mgs)-qwctfz(mgs))   &

     &  -il5(mgs)*(qiihr(mgs))   &

     &  -qracw(mgs) -qrcnw(mgs) -qhacw(mgs) -qhlacw(mgs)

      ELSE

      pqcwd(mgs) =    &

     &  -qracw(mgs) - qrcnw(mgs)

      ENDIF


      IF ( pqcwd(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. -pqcwd(mgs)*dtp .gt. qx(mgs,lc) ) THEN


       frac = -max(0.0,qx(mgs,lc))/(pqcwd(mgs)*dtp)

       pqcwd(mgs) = -qx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv


        qiacw(mgs)   = frac*qiacw(mgs)

!        qwfrzp(mgs)  = frac*qwfrzp(mgs)

!        qwctfzp(mgs) = frac*qwctfzp(mgs)

        qwfrzc(mgs)  = frac*qwfrzc(mgs)

        qwfrz(mgs)  = frac*qwfrz(mgs)

        qwctfzc(mgs) = frac*qwctfzc(mgs)

        qwctfz(mgs) = frac*qwctfz(mgs)

        qracw(mgs)   = frac*qracw(mgs)

        qsacw(mgs)   = frac*qsacw(mgs)

        qhacw(mgs)   = frac*qhacw(mgs)

        vhacw(mgs)   = frac*vhacw(mgs)

        qrcnw(mgs)   = frac*qrcnw(mgs)

        qwfrzp(mgs)  = frac*qwfrzp(mgs)

        IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

          qhlacw(mgs)   = frac*qhlacw(mgs)

          vhlacw(mgs)   = frac*vhlacw(mgs)

        ENDIF

!        IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) zhacw(mgs) = frac*zhacw(mgs)


!       STOP

      ENDIF


      end do

!

!  Cloud ice

!

      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( ffrzs < 1.0 ) THEN

      pqcii(mgs) =     &

     &   il5(mgs)*qicicnt(mgs)    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*((1.0-cwfrz2snowfrac)*qwfrzc(mgs)+qwctfzc(mgs))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qicichr(mgs))  &

     &  +qsmul(mgs)               &

     &  +qhmul1(mgs) + qhlmul1(mgs)   &

     & + qsplinter(mgs) + qsplinter2(mgs)

!     > + cimas0*nsplinter*(crfrzf(mgs) + crfrz(mgs))/rho0(mgs)

      ENDIF


       pqcii(mgs) = pqcii(mgs)*(1.0 - ffrzs) &

     &  +il5(mgs)*qidpv(mgs)    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*qiacw(mgs)


      pqcid(mgs) =     &

     &   il5(mgs)*(-qscni(mgs) - qscnvi(mgs)    & ! -qwaci(mgs)    &

     &  -qraci(mgs)    &

     &  -qsaci(mgs) )   &

     &  -qhaci(mgs)   &

     &  -qhlaci(mgs)    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*qisbv(mgs)    &

     &  +(1.-il5(mgs))*qimlr(mgs)   &

     &  - qhcni(mgs)

      end do


      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqcii(mgs) =     &

     &   il5(mgs)*qicicnt(mgs)*(1. - ffrzs)    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*((1.0-cwfrz2snowfrac)*qwfrzc(mgs)+qwctfzc(mgs))*(1. - ffrzs)   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qicichr(mgs))*(1. - ffrzs)   &

!     &  +il5(mgs)*(qicichr(mgs))   &

!     &  +qsmul(mgs)               &

     &  +qhmul1(mgs) + qhlmul1(mgs)   &

     & + qsplinter(mgs) + qsplinter2(mgs) &

     &  +il5(mgs)*qidpv(mgs)    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*qiacw(mgs)  ! & ! (qiacwi(mgs)+qwacii(mgs))   &

!     &  +il5(mgs)*(qwfrzc(mgs)+qwctfzc(mgs))   &

!     &  +il5(mgs)*(qicichr(mgs))   &

!     &  +qsmul(mgs)               &

!     &  +qhmul1(mgs) + qhlmul1(mgs)   &

!     & + qsplinter(mgs) + qsplinter2(mgs)


      pqcid(mgs) =     &

!     &   il5(mgs)*(-qscni(mgs) - qscnvi(mgs)    & ! -qwaci(mgs)    &

!     &  -qraci(mgs)    &

!     &  -qsaci(mgs) )   &

!     &  -qhaci(mgs)   &

!     &  -qhlaci(mgs)    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*qisbv(mgs)    &

     &  +(1.-il5(mgs))*qimlr(mgs)  ! &

!     &  - qhcni(mgs)

      end do


      ENDIF

!

!  Rain

!


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN

      pqrwi(mgs) =     &

     &   qracw(mgs) + qrcnw(mgs) + max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))   &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*(   &

     &    -qhmlr(mgs)                 &            !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

     &    -qsmlr(mgs)  - qhlmlr(mgs)     &

     &    -qimlr(mgs))   &

!     &    -qsshr(mgs)       &                      !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

!     &    -qhshr(mgs)       &                      !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

!     &    -qhlshr(mgs)      &

     & - qrshr(mgs)


      pqrwd(mgs) =     &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-qiacr(mgs)-qrfrz(mgs))    &

     &  - qsacr(mgs) - qhacr(mgs) - qhlacr(mgs) - qwcnr(mgs)   &

     &  + min(0.0,qrcev(mgs))

      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

      pqrwi(mgs) =     &

     &   qracw(mgs) + qrcnw(mgs) + max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))   &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*(   &

     &    -qhlmlr(mgs)                 &            !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

     &    -qhmlr(mgs)  )               &            !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

     &    -qhshr(mgs)                 &           !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

     &    -qhlshr(mgs)                            !null at this point when wet snow/graupel included

      pqrwd(mgs) =     &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-qrfrz(mgs))    &

     &   - qhacr(mgs)    &

     &   - qhlacr(mgs)    &

     &  + min(0.0,qrcev(mgs))

      ELSE

      pqrwi(mgs) =     &

     &   qracw(mgs) + qrcnw(mgs) + max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))

      pqrwd(mgs) =  min(0.0,qrcev(mgs))

      ENDIF ! warmonly


 !      IF ( pqrwd(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. -(pqrwd(mgs) + pqrwi(mgs))*dtp .gt. qx(mgs,lr)  ) THEN

      IF ( pqrwd(mgs) .lt. 0.0 .and. -(pqrwd(mgs) + pqrwi(mgs))*dtp .gt. qx(mgs,lr)  ) THEN


       frac = (-qx(mgs,lr) + pqrwi(mgs)*dtp)/(pqrwd(mgs)*dtp)

!       pqrwd(mgs) = -qx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv  + pqrwi(mgs)


       pqwvi(mgs) = pqwvi(mgs)    &

     &  + min(0.0, qrcev(mgs))   &

     &  - frac*min(0.0, qrcev(mgs))

       pqwvd(mgs) =  pqwvd(mgs)   &

     &  + max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))   &

     &  - frac*max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))


       qiacr(mgs)  = frac*qiacr(mgs)

       qiacrf(mgs) = frac*qiacrf(mgs)

       qiacrs(mgs) = frac*qiacrs(mgs)

       viacrf(mgs) = frac*viacrf(mgs)

       qrfrz(mgs)  = frac*qrfrz(mgs)

       qrfrzs(mgs) = frac*qrfrzs(mgs)

       qrfrzf(mgs) = frac*qrfrzf(mgs)

       vrfrzf(mgs) = frac*vrfrzf(mgs)

       qsacr(mgs)  = frac*qsacr(mgs)

       qhacr(mgs)  = frac*qhacr(mgs)

       vhacr(mgs)  = frac*vhacr(mgs)

       qrcev(mgs)  = frac*qrcev(mgs)

       qhlacr(mgs) = frac*qhlacr(mgs)

       vhlacr(mgs) = frac*vhlacr(mgs)

       qhcev(mgs)  = frac*qhcev(mgs)

       qhlcev(mgs)  = frac*qhlcev(mgs)


      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN

       pqrwd(mgs) =     &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-qiacr(mgs)-qrfrz(mgs) - qsacr(mgs))    &

     &  - qhacr(mgs) - qhlacr(mgs) - qwcnr(mgs)   &

     &  + min(0.0,qrcev(mgs))

      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

      pqrwd(mgs) =     &

     &  il5(mgs)*(-qrfrz(mgs))    &

     &   - qhacr(mgs)    &

     &   - qhlacr(mgs)    &

     &  + min(0.0,qrcev(mgs))

      ELSE

       pqrwd(mgs) =  min(0.0,qrcev(mgs))

      ENDIF ! warmonly


!

! Resum for vapor since qrcev has changed

!

      IF ( qrcev(mgs) .ne. 0.0 ) THEN

       pqwvi(mgs) =    &

     &  -min(0.0, qrcev(mgs))   &

     &  -min(0.0, qhcev(mgs))   &

     &  -min(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))   &

     &  -min(0.0, qscev(mgs))   &

!     >  +il5(mgs)*(-qhsbv(mgs)  - qhlsbv(mgs) )   &

     &  -qhsbv(mgs)  - qhlsbv(mgs)   &

     &  -qssbv(mgs)    &

     &  -il5(mgs)*qisbv(mgs)


       pqwvd(mgs) =     &

     &  -max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))   &

     &  -max(0.0, qhcev(mgs))   &

     &  -max(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))   &

     &  -max(0.0, qscev(mgs))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(-qiint(mgs)   &

     &  -qhdpv(mgs) -qsdpv(mgs) - qhldpv(mgs))   &

     &  -il5(mgs)*qidpv(mgs)


       ENDIF


!       STOP

      ENDIF


      end do


      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN


!

!  Snow

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqswi(mgs) =     &

     &   il5(mgs)*(qscni(mgs)+qsaci(mgs)+qsdpv(mgs)   &

     &   + qscnvi(mgs)                        &

     &   + ifrzs*(qiacrs(mgs) + qrfrzs(mgs))  &

     &   + il5(mgs)*(( qwfrzc(mgs) + qwctfzc(mgs) + qicichr(mgs) )*ffrzs   &

     &   +  (1.0 - ffrzs)*cwfrz2snowfrac*qwfrz(mgs) ) &

     &   + il2(mgs)*qsacr(mgs))   &

     &   + il5(mgs)*qicicnt(mgs)*ffrzs        &

     &   + il3(mgs)*(qiacrf(mgs)+qracif(mgs)) & ! only applies for ipconc <= 3

     &   + max(0.0, qscev(mgs))   &

     &   + qsacw(mgs) + qscnh(mgs) &

     &  + ffrzs*(qsmul(mgs)               &

     &  +qhmul1(mgs) + qhlmul1(mgs)   &

     & + qsplinter(mgs) + qsplinter2(mgs))

      pqswd(mgs) =    &

!     >  -qfacs(mgs) ! -qwacs(mgs)   &

     &  -qracs(mgs)*(1-il2(mgs)) -qhacs(mgs) - qhlacs(mgs)   &

     &  -qhcns(mgs)   &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*qsmlr(mgs) + qsshr(mgs)    &    !null at this point when wet snow included

!     >  +il5(mgs)*(qssbv(mgs))   &

     &  + qssbv(mgs)   &

     &  + min(0.0, qscev(mgs))  &

     &  -qsmul(mgs)


      IF ( imixedphase == 0 .and. pqswd(mgs) .lt. 0.0  ) THEN

        IF ( qx(mgs,ls) + dtp*(pqswi(mgs) + pqswd(mgs)) < 0.0 ) THEN

         frac = (-qx(mgs,ls) + pqswi(mgs)*dtp)/(pqswd(mgs)*dtp)


           pqswd(mgs) = frac*pqswd(mgs)


           qracs(mgs)  = frac*qracs(mgs) ! only used for single moment at this time

           qhacs(mgs)  = frac*qhacs(mgs)

           qhlacs(mgs) = frac*qhlacs(mgs)

           qhcns(mgs)  = frac*qhcns(mgs)

           qsmlr(mgs)  = frac*qsmlr(mgs)

           qsshr(mgs)  = frac*qsshr(mgs)

           qssbv(mgs)  = frac*qssbv(mgs)

           qsmul(mgs)  = frac*qsmul(mgs)

           IF ( qscev(mgs) < 0.0 ) qscev(mgs) = frac*qscev(mgs)


        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      pqcii(mgs) =  pqcii(mgs) &

     &  + (1. - ifrzs)*qrfrzs(mgs) &

     &  + (1. - ifrzs)*qiacrs(mgs)


      end do


!

!  Graupel

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqhwi(mgs) =    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(ffrzh*ifrzg*qrfrzf(mgs)  + (1-il3(mgs))*ffrzh*ifiacrg*(qiacrf(mgs)+qracif(mgs)))   &

     &  + (1-il2(mgs))*(qracs(mgs) + qsacr(mgs))  & ! only used for ipconc < 3

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qhdpv(mgs))   &

     &  +max(0.0, qhcev(mgs))   &

     &  +qhacr(mgs)+qhacw(mgs)   &

     &  +qhacs(mgs)+qhaci(mgs)   &

     &  + f2h*qhcns(mgs) + f2h*qhcni(mgs) + qhcnhl(mgs)

      pqhwd(mgs) =     &

     &   qhshr(mgs)                &    !null at this point when wet graupel included

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*qhmlr(mgs)   &    !null at this point when wet graupel included

!     >  +il5(mgs)*qhsbv(mgs)   &

     &  + qhsbv(mgs)   &

     &  + min(0.0, qhcev(mgs))   &

     &  -qhmul1(mgs) - qhlcnh(mgs) - qscnh(mgs)  &

     &  - ffrzh*(qsplinter(mgs) + qsplinter2(mgs))

!     > - cimas0*nsplinter*(crfrzf(mgs) + crfrz(mgs))/rho0(mgs)


      end do


!

!  Hail

!

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqhli(mgs) =    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qhldpv(mgs) + ((1.0-ifrzg)*qrfrzf(mgs) + (1.0-ifiacrg)*(qiacrf(mgs)+ qracif(mgs))))   &

     &  +max(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))   &

     &  +qhlacr(mgs)+qhlacw(mgs)   &

     &  +qhlacs(mgs)+qhlaci(mgs)   &

     &  + qhlcnh(mgs)

      pqhld(mgs) =     &

     &   qhlshr(mgs)    &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*qhlmlr(mgs)    &

!     >  +il5(mgs)*qhlsbv(mgs)   &

     &  + qhlsbv(mgs)   &

     &  + min(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))   &

     &  -qhlmul1(mgs) - qhcnhl(mgs)


      IF ( imixedphase == 0 ) THEN

      frac = 0.0

      IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) + dtp*(pqhli(mgs) + pqhld(mgs)) < 0.0 ) THEN

        ! rescale depletion


         frac = (-qx(mgs,lhl) + pqhli(mgs)*dtp)/(pqhld(mgs)*dtp)


         qhlmlr(mgs) = frac*qhlmlr(mgs)

         qhlsbv(mgs) = frac*qhlsbv(mgs)

         qhcnhl(mgs) = frac*qhcnhl(mgs)

         qhlmul1(mgs) = frac*qhlmul1(mgs)

         IF ( qhlcev(mgs) < 0.0 ) qhlcev(mgs) = frac*qhlcev(mgs)


         pqhld(mgs) = frac*pqhld(mgs)


      ENDIF

      ENDIF


      end do


      ENDIF ! lhl


      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

!

!  Graupel

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqhwi(mgs) =    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*ifrzg*(qrfrzf(mgs) )   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qhdpv(mgs))   &

     &  +qhacr(mgs)+qhacw(mgs)

      pqhwd(mgs) =     &

     &   qhshr(mgs)                &    !null at this point when wet graupel included

     &  - qhlcnh(mgs)   &

     &  - qhmul1(mgs)   &

     &  - qsplinter(mgs) - qsplinter2(mgs) &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*qhmlr(mgs)        !null at this point when wet graupel included

       end do


!

!  Hail

!

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqhli(mgs) =    &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qhldpv(mgs) ) & ! + (1.0-ifrzg)*(qiacrf(mgs)+qrfrzf(mgs)  + qracif(mgs)))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(1.0-ifrzg)*(qrfrzf(mgs) )  &

     &  +qhlacr(mgs)+qhlacw(mgs)   &

!     &  +qhlacs(mgs)+qhlaci(mgs)   &

     &  + qhlcnh(mgs)

      pqhld(mgs) =     &

     &   qhlshr(mgs)    &

     &  +(1-il5(mgs))*qhlmlr(mgs)    &

!     >  +il5(mgs)*qhlsbv(mgs)   &

     &  + qhlsbv(mgs)   &

     &  -qhlmul1(mgs) - qhcnhl(mgs)


      end do


      ENDIF ! lhl


      ENDIF ! warmonly


!

!  Liquid water on snow and graupel

!


      vhmlr(:) = 0.0

      vhlmlr(:) = 0.0

      vhfzh(:) = 0.0

      vhlfzhl(:) = 0.0


      IF ( mixedphase ) THEN

      ELSE ! set arrays for non-mixedphase graupel


!        vhshdr(:) = 0.0

        vhmlr(:) = qhmlr(:) ! not actually volume, but treated as q in rate equation

!        vhsoak(:) = 0.0


!        vhlshdr(:) = 0.0

        vhlmlr(:) = qhlmlr(:) ! not actually volume, but treated as q in rate equation

!        vhlmlr(:) = rho0(:)*qhlmlr(:)/xdn(:,lhl)

!        vhlsoak(:) = 0.0


      ENDIF  ! mixedphase


!

!  Graupel reflectivity

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 .and. my_rank>=0 ) write(0,*) my_rank, 'graupel reflectivity'


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


!      zhmlr(mgs) = 0.0

!      zhshr(mgs) = 0.0

!      zhmlrr(mgs) = 0.0

!      zhshrr(mgs) = 0.0

      zhdsv(mgs) = 0.0

!      IF ( lf < 1 ) THEN

      IF ( ffrzh > 0.0 ) THEN

      ziacr(mgs) = 0.0

      ziacrf(mgs) = 0.0

      ENDIF

!      ENDIF

      zhcns(mgs) = 0.0

      zhcni(mgs) = 0.0

      zhacs(mgs) = 0.0

      zhaci(mgs) = 0.0


      ENDDO


      IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN !

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      IF ( qx(mgs,lh) .gt. qxmin(lh) .and. cx(mgs,lh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          tmp = qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)

          alp = max( alphamin, alpha(mgs,lh) )

!          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

          g1 = g1x(mgs,lh) ! (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

!          g1r = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)


           zhaci(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhaci(mgs) )

           zhacs(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhacs(mgs) )


        IF ( .not. mixedphase  .and. ibinhmlr < 1 ) THEN

        zhmlr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhmlr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chmlr(mgs)  )

        ENDIF


        zhshr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chshr(mgs)  )


!        IF ( lzr > 0 .and. qhshr(mgs) /= 0.0 .and. chshrr(mgs) /= 0.0 .and. ibinhmlr < 1 ) THEN

        IF ( lzr > 0 .and. qhshr(mgs) /= 0.0 .and. chshrr(mgs) /= 0.0 ) THEN

!         IF ( temg(mgs) > tfr + 2.0 ) THEN

!           zhshrr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chshrr(mgs)  )

!           IF ( zhshrr(mgs) > 0. ) THEN

!             zhshrr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chshr(mgs) )

!           ENDIF

!           z1 = g1shr*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhshr(mgs)**2/ chshrr(mgs)  ) ! should this be g1shr?

!           zhshrr(mgs) = Max( z1, zhshrr(mgs))

!         ELSE

!          zhshrr(mgs) =  g1shr*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhshr(mgs)**2/ chshrr(mgs)  )


         IF ( temg(mgs) >= tfr ) THEN

 !           zhshrr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn0(lr)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chshrr(mgs)  )

 !           IF ( zhshrr(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

 !             zhshrr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn0(lr)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chshr(mgs)  )

 !           ENDIF

           IF ( (shedalp + alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1) < sheddiam ) THEN ! if not shedding small drops, then use alpha of hail

             z1 = g1*(6.0*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhshr(mgs)**2/ chshrr(mgs)  )

           ELSE

             z1 = g1shr*(6.0*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhshr(mgs)**2/ chshrr(mgs)  ) ! should this be g1shr?

           ENDIF

           zhshrr(mgs) = z1

!           z1 = g1mlr*(rho0(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhshr(mgs)**2/ chshrr(mgs)  ) ! should this be g1shr?

!           zhshrr(mgs) = Max( z1, zhshrr(mgs))

         ELSE

          zhshrr(mgs) =  g1shr*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhshr(mgs)**2/ chshrr(mgs)  )

         ENDIF


         zhshrr(mgs) = min( 0.0, zhshrr(mgs) )

        ENDIF


        IF ( zhshr(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

          write(0,*) 'Problem with zhshr! zhshr,qhshr,chshr = ',zhshr(mgs),qhshr(mgs),chshr(mgs)

          write(0,*) 'g1,tmp, qx,cx,zx = ',g1,tmp,qx(mgs,lh),cx(mgs,lh),zx(mgs,lh)

          write(0,*) ( 2.*tmp * qhshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chshr(mgs)  ),  2.*tmp * qhshr(mgs), - tmp**2 * chshr(mgs)

          write(0,*) 'temcg = ',temcg(mgs),'chshr recalc = ',(cx(mgs,lh)/(qx(mgs,lh)+1.e-20))*qhshr(mgs)


          stop

        ENDIF


!        zhshr(mgs) =  (xdn0(lr)/(xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( zx(mgs,lh) * qhshr(mgs) )


        qtmp = qhdpv(mgs) + qhcev(mgs) + qhsbv(mgs)

        ctmp = chdpv(mgs) + chcev(mgs) + chsbv(mgs)


        zhdsv(mgs) = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qtmp - tmp**2 * ctmp )


          alp = max( alphahacx, alpha(mgs,lh) )

!          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

          g1 = g1x(mgs,lh) ! (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))


          IF ( .true. ) THEN  ! {

          IF ( qhacr(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

!          zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)) * qhacr(mgs) )


!          g1r = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

!          zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)) * qhacr(mgs) )

          zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)) * qhacr(mgs) )

!          zhacrf(mgs) = g1*zhacr


          ENDIF


!        zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhacr(mgs) )

!        zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhacr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chacr(mgs) )


!          alp = Max( 1.0, alpha(mgs,lh)+1. )

!          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/

!     :         ((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

          IF ( qhacw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

!          zhacw(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)) * qhacw(mgs) )

           zhacw(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)) * qhacw(mgs) )

          ENDIF


          ELSE ! } { ! this is not used because of the 'true' above


          IF ( qhacw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .or. qhacr(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          z = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( (qx(mgs,lh)+dtp*(qhacr(mgs) + qhacw(mgs)-qhmul1(mgs)))**2)/(cx(mgs,lh))

!          zhacw(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)) * qhacw(mgs) )

          IF ( z > zx(mgs,lh) ) THEN

            zhacw(mgs) = (z - zx(mgs,lh))*dtpinv

          ENDIF

          ENDIF


          ENDIF ! }


          IF ( qhlcnh(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. ihlcnh < 2  ) THEN

           zhlcnh(mgs) = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhlcnh(mgs) - tmp**2 * chlcnh(mgs) )

          ENDIF

      ENDIF

! qsplinter(mgs)

      IF ( ffrzh*qiacrf(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,lr) .gt. 0.0 .and. qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN

            tmp = qx(mgs,lr)/cx(mgs,lr)

!            alp = 3.0

!            g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

            IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

            ! note that 3.6476 = (6/pi)**2

            ziacr(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.)/(xdn0(lr)**2*(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.))*  &

     &           ( 2.*tmp * qiacrf(mgs) - tmp**2 * ciacrf(mgs)  )

            ELSE ! imurain == 1

            ziacr(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*g1x(mgs,lr)/(xdn0(lr)**2)*  &

     &           ( 2.*tmp * qiacrf(mgs) - tmp**2 * ciacrf(mgs)  )

            ENDIF

            ziacr(mgs) = min( ziacr(mgs), zxmxd(mgs,lr) )

!            ziacrf(mgs) = (xdn(mgs,lr)/xdn(mgs,lh))**2 * ziacr(mgs)

            ziacrf(mgs) = (xdn(mgs,lr)/xdnmx(lh))**2 * ziacr(mgs)

!            z = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*tmp * (qiacrf(mgs) - qsplinter(mgs)) - tmp**2 * ciacrf(mgs)  )

!            ziacrf(mgs) = Min(  ziacrf(mgs), z )

      ENDIF


      IF ( ffrzh*qrfrzf(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,lr) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

            tmp = qx(mgs,lr)/cx(mgs,lr)

!            alp = 3.0

!            g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

            IF ( imurain == 3 ) THEN

            zrfrz(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.)/(xdn0(lr)**2*(alpha(mgs,lr)+1.)) * &

     &         ( 2.*tmp * qrfrzf(mgs) - tmp**2 * crfrzf(mgs)  )

            zrfrzf(mgs) = (xdn(mgs,lr)/xdn(mgs,lh))**2 * zrfrz(mgs)

            ELSEIF ( imurain == 1 .and. ibiggopt /= 2 ) THEN

!            zrfrz(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*g1x(mgs,lr)/(xdn0(lr)**2) * &

!     &         ( 2.*tmp * qrfrzf(mgs) - tmp**2 * crfrz(mgs)  )

            zrfrz(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*g1x(mgs,lr)/(xdn0(lr)**2) * &

     &         ( 2.*tmp * qrfrz(mgs) - tmp**2 * crfrz(mgs)  )

            zrfrzf(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*g1x(mgs,lr)/(rhofrz**2) * &

     &         ( 2.*tmp * qrfrzf(mgs) - tmp**2 * crfrzf(mgs)  )

            ENDIF

            zrfrz(mgs) = min( zrfrz(mgs), max(0.4,qrfrz(mgs)/qx(mgs,lr))*zx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv )

!            zrfrzf(mgs) = (xdn(mgs,lr)/xdn(mgs,lh))**2 * zrfrz(mgs)

!            zrfrzf(mgs) = (xdn(mgs,lr)/xdnmx(lh))**2 * zrfrz(mgs)

!            z = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*tmp * (qrfrzf(mgs)-qsplinter2(mgs)) - tmp**2 * crfrzf(mgs)  )

!             zrfrzf(mgs) = Min(  zrfrzf(mgs), z )

      ! change this to be alpha=0?

      ENDIF


      IF ( lhl > 1 .and. qhcnhl(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

        tmp = qx(mgs,lhl)/cx(mgs,lhl)

        zhcnhl(mgs) = g1x(mgs,lhl)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhcnhl(mgs) - tmp**2 * chcnhl(mgs) )


      ENDIF


      IF ( qhcns(mgs) > 0.0 .and. chcns(mgs) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,ls) > cxmin .and. vhcns(mgs) > 0 ) THEN

        tmp = qx(mgs,ls)/cx(mgs,ls)

        r = rho0(mgs)*qhcns(mgs)/vhcns(mgs) ! density of new graupel particles

        IF ( imusnow == 3 ) THEN

        zhcns(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*(alpha(mgs,ls)+2.)/(r**2*(alpha(mgs,ls)+1.)) * &

     &         ( 2.*tmp * qhcns(mgs) - tmp**2 * chcnsh(mgs)  )

        ELSE

         write(0,*) 'Value of imusnow not valid. Must be 3 (fix me for =1). imusnow = ',imusnow

        stop

        ENDIF

      ENDIF


      IF ( qhcni(mgs) > 0.0 .and. chcnih(mgs) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,li) > cxmin .and. vhcni(mgs) > 0 ) THEN

        tmp = qx(mgs,li)/cx(mgs,li)

        r = rho0(mgs)*qhcni(mgs)/vhcni(mgs) ! density of new graupel particles

        zhcni(mgs) = 3.6476*rho0(mgs)**2*(alpha(mgs,li)+2.)/(r**2*(alpha(mgs,li)+1.)) * &

     &         ( 2.*tmp * qhcni(mgs) - tmp**2 * chcnih(mgs)  )

      ENDIF


      pzhwi(mgs) =   &

     &  +ifrzg*ffrzh*(zrfrzf(mgs)   &

     & +il5(mgs)*ifiacrg*(ziacrf(mgs) ) )   &

!     : + zhcnsh(mgs) + zhcnih(mgs)   &

     & + zhacw(mgs)   &

     & + zhacr(mgs)   &

     & + zhcnhl(mgs)  &

     & + zhacs(mgs)   &

     & + zhaci(mgs)   &

     &  + f2h*zhcni(mgs) + f2h*zhcns(mgs) &

     & + max( 0.0, zhdsv(mgs) )


      pzhwd(mgs) = 0.0   &

     & + (1-il5(mgs))*zhmlr(mgs)   &

     & + zhshr(mgs)   &

     &  + min( 0.0, zhdsv(mgs) )   &

     &  - il5(mgs)*zhlcnh(mgs)


!        IF ( zhcnhl(mgs) < 0.0 ) THEN

!          write(0,*) 'Problem with zhcnhl! zhcnhl,qhcnhl,chcnhl = ',zhcnhl(mgs),qhcnhl(mgs),chcnhl(mgs)

!          write(0,*) 'g1,tmp = ',g1x(mgs,lhl),tmp

!          write(0,*) ( 2.*( tmp ) * qhcnhl(mgs) - tmp**2 * chcnhl(mgs) )

!

!!          STOP

!        ENDIF

      end do


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 .and. my_rank>=0 ) write(0,*) my_rank, 'end graupel reflectivity'


      ENDIF


!

!  Hail reflectivity

!


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      zhldsv(mgs) = 0.0

      zhlacr(mgs) = 0.0

      zhlacw(mgs) = 0.0


      ENDDO


      IF ( lzhl .gt. 1 .or. ( lzr > 1 .and. lnhl > 1 ) ) THEN ! also run for 2-moment hail for 3-moment rain sources


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 .and. my_rank>=0 ) write(0,*) my_rank, 'hail reflectivity'


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      IF ( qx(mgs,lhl) .gt. qxmin(lhl) .and. cx(mgs,lhl) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          tmp = qx(mgs,lhl)/cx(mgs,lhl)

          alp = max( alphamin, alpha(mgs,lhl) )

!          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

          g1 = g1x(mgs,lhl) ! (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))


        IF ( .not. mixedphase .and. qhlmlr(mgs) /= 0.0 .and. chlmlr(mgs) /= 0.0 .and. ibinhlmlr < 1 ) THEN

         zhlmlr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhlmlr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chlmlr(mgs)  )

        ENDIF


        zhlshr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhlshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chlshr(mgs)  )

        IF ( lzr > 1 .and. qhlshr(mgs) /= 0.0 .and. chlshrr(mgs) /= 0.0 ) THEN

         IF ( temg(mgs) >= tfr ) THEN

 !           zhlshrr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn0(lr)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhlshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chlshrr(mgs)  )

 !           IF ( zhlshrr(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

 !             zhlshrr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn0(lr)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhlshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chlshr(mgs)  )

 !           ENDIF

           IF ( (shedalp + alpha(mgs,lhl))*xdia(mgs,lhl,1) < sheddiam ) THEN ! if not shedding small drops, then use alpha of hail

             z1 = g1*(6.0*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhlshr(mgs)**2/ chlshrr(mgs)  )

           ELSE

             z1 = g1shr*(6.0*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhlshr(mgs)**2/ chlshrr(mgs)  ) ! should this be g1shr?

           ENDIF

           zhlshrr(mgs) = z1

!           z1 = g1mlr*(rho0(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhlshr(mgs)**2/ chlshrr(mgs)  ) ! should this be g1shr?

!           zhlshrr(mgs) = Max( z1, zhlshrr(mgs))

         ELSE

          zhlshrr(mgs) =  g1shr*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhlshr(mgs)**2/ chlshrr(mgs)  )

         ENDIF


          zhlshrr(mgs) = min( 0.0, zhlshrr(mgs) )

        ENDIF


        IF ( zhlshr(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

          write(0,*) 'Problem with zhlshr! zhlshr,qhlshr,chlshr = ',zhlshr(mgs),qhlshr(mgs),chlshr(mgs)

          write(0,*) 'g1,tmp, qx,cx,zx = ',g1,tmp,qx(mgs,lhl),cx(mgs,lhl),zx(mgs,lhl)

          write(0,*) ( 2.*tmp * qhlshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chlshr(mgs)  ),  2.*tmp * qhlshr(mgs), - tmp**2 * chlshr(mgs)

          write(0,*) 'temcg = ',temcg(mgs),'chlshr recalc = ',(cx(mgs,lhl)/(qx(mgs,lhl)+1.e-20))*qhlshr(mgs)


          stop

        ENDIF

!        zhlshr(mgs) = Min( 0.0, zhlshr(mgs) )


!        zhlshr(mgs) =  (xdn0(lr)/(xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( zx(mgs,lhl) * qhlshr(mgs) )


        qtmp = qhldpv(mgs) + qhlcev(mgs)

        ctmp = chldpv(mgs) + chlcev(mgs)


        zhldsv(mgs) = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qtmp - tmp**2 * ctmp )


          alp = max( alphahacx, alpha(mgs,lhl) )

!          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

          g1 = g1x(mgs,lhl) ! (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))


          IF ( .true. ) THEN ! {

          IF ( qhlacr(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

!          z = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( (qx(mgs,lhl)+dtp*qhlacr(mgs))**2)/(cx(mgs,lhl))

          zhlacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhlacr(mgs) )

!          zhlacr(mgs) = Min( zxmxd(mgs,lr), zhlacr(mgs) )


!          IF ( z > zx(mgs,lhl) ) THEN

!            zhlacr(mgs) = (z - zx(mgs,lhl))*dtpinv

!          ELSE

!            zhlacr(mgs) = 0.0

!          ENDIF

          ENDIF


!        zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhacr(mgs) )

!        zhacr(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qhacr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chacr(mgs) )


          IF ( qhlacw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          alp = max( 3.0, alpha(mgs,lhl)+1. )

          g1 = (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))


!          z = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( (qx(mgs,lhl)+dtp*(qhlacw(mgs)-qhlmul1(mgs)))**2)/(cx(mgs,lhl))

!          zhlacw(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lhl)/cx(mgs,lhl)) * qhlacw(mgs) )

          zhlacw(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhlacw(mgs) )


!          IF ( z > zx(mgs,lhl) ) THEN

!            zhlacw(mgs) = (z - zx(mgs,lhl))*dtpinv

!          ENDIF

          g1 = g1x(mgs,lhl) ! (6.0 + alp)*(5.0 + alp)*(4.0 + alp)/((3.0 + alp)*(2.0 + alp)*(1.0 + alp))

          ENDIF


          ELSE ! }  .false. {


          IF ( qhlacw(mgs) .gt. 0.0 .or. qhlacr(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

          z = g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( (qx(mgs,lhl)+dtp*(qhlacr(mgs) + qhlacw(mgs)-qhlmul1(mgs)))**2)/(cx(mgs,lhl))

!          zhlacw(mgs) =  g1*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*( qx(mgs,lhl)/cx(mgs,lhl)) * qhlacw(mgs) )

          IF ( z > zx(mgs,lhl) ) THEN

            zhlacw(mgs) = (z - zx(mgs,lhl))*dtpinv

          ENDIF

          ENDIF


          ENDIF ! }


      ENDIF

! qsplinter(mgs)


      IF ( lzhl > 1 ) THEN

      pzhli(mgs) = ffrzh*(((1.0-ifrzg)*zrfrzf(mgs)   &

     & +il5(mgs)*(1.0-ifiacrg)*ziacrf(mgs) )) &

     &  + il5(mgs)*zhlcnh(mgs)   &

     & + zhlacw(mgs)   &

     & + zhlacr(mgs)   &

!     : + zhlacs(mgs)   &

     & + max( 0.0, zhldsv(mgs) )


      pzhld(mgs) = 0.0   &

     & + (1-il5(mgs))*zhlmlr(mgs)   &

     & + zhlshr(mgs)   &

     & - zhcnhl(mgs)   &

     &  + min( 0.0, zhldsv(mgs) )


       IF ( .not. ( -1.0 < pzhli(mgs) .and. pzhli(mgs) < 1.e20 ) ) THEN

         write(iunit,*) 'Problem with pzhli!'

         write(iunit,*) 'zhlcnh,zhlacw,zhlacr,zhldsv = ',zhlcnh(mgs),zhlacw(mgs),zhlacr(mgs),zhldsv(mgs)

       ENDIF


       IF ( .not. ( -1.0e20 < pzhld(mgs) .and. pzhld(mgs) < 1. ) ) THEN

         write(iunit,*) 'Problem with pzhld!'

         write(iunit,*) 'zhlmlr,zhlshr,zhldsv = ',zhlmlr(mgs),zhlshr(mgs),zhldsv(mgs)

       ENDIF


      ENDIF ! lzhl > 1


      end do


      ENDIF


!

!  rain reflectivity

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'WARMZIEG: dbg = 11'


      IF ( lzr .gt. 1 ) THEN !


        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


        zracw(mgs) = 0.0

        zracr(mgs) = 0.0

        zrcev(mgs) = 0.0

        zrach(mgs) = 0.0

        zrachl(mgs) = 0.0

        zsshr(mgs) = 0.0

        zsshrr(mgs) = 0.0

!        zsmlr(mgs) = 0.0

        zsmlrr(mgs) = 0.0


        IF ( qx(mgs,ls) .gt. qxmin(ls) .and. ( csmlr(mgs) /= 0.0 .or. csshr(mgs) /= 0.0 .or. &

              csmlrr(mgs) /= 0.0 .or. csshrr(mgs) /= 0.0) ) THEN !{

         tmp = qx(mgs,ls)/cx(mgs,ls)

         g1 = 36.*(xnu(ls)+2.0)/((xnu(ls)+1.0)*pi**2)

        IF ( .not. mixedphase ) THEN

!          zsmlr(mgs) =  (xdn(mgs,ls)/xdn(mgs,lr))**2*g1*(rho0(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,ls)))**2* &

!     &                 ( 2.*tmp * qsmlr(mgs) - tmp**2 * csmlr(mgs)  )


          IF ( csmlrr(mgs) /= 0.0 ) THEN

            z1 = g1smlr*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qsmlr(mgs)**2/ csmlrr(mgs)  )

            zsmlrr(mgs) = z1

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


!        zsshr(mgs) =  (xdn(mgs,ls)/xdn(mgs,lr))**2*g1*(rho0(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,ls)))**2*  &

!     &                 ( 2.*tmp * qsshr(mgs) - tmp**2 * csshr(mgs)  )


         IF ( csshrr(mgs) /= 0.0 ) THEN

          z1 = g1smlr*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qsshr(mgs)**2/ csshrr(mgs)  )

          zsshrr(mgs) = z1

         ENDIF


        ENDIF !}


        IF ( .not. mixedphase ) THEN !{

          IF ( zhmlr(mgs) < 0.0 .and. chmlrr(mgs) /= 0.0 .and. ibinhmlr == 0 ) THEN !{

          tmp = qx(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)

!          zhmlrr(mgs) =  Min(0.0, (xdn(mgs,lh)/xdn(mgs,lr))**2 * &

!     &       g1x(mgs,lh)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lh)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhmlr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chmlrr(mgs)  ) )


!            IF ( zhmlrr(mgs) >= 0. ) THEN

!              zhmlrr(mgs) =  (xdn(mgs,lh)/xdn(mgs,lr))**2 * zhmlr(mgs)

!            ENDIF

           IF ( (shedalp + alpha(mgs,lh))*xdia(mgs,lh,1) < sheddiam ) THEN ! if not shedding small drops, then use alpha of graupel

             z1 = g1x(mgs,lh)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhmlr(mgs)**2/ chmlrr(mgs)  )

           ELSE ! assume drops are shed off, so use either alpha for shedding or graupel alpha, whichever gives the lower g-factor (i.e., larger alpha)

             z1 = min(g1x(mgs,lh),g1shr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhmlr(mgs)**2/ chmlrr(mgs)  )

           ENDIF

           zhmlrr(mgs) = z1

!           z1 = g1mlr*(rho0(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhmlr(mgs)**2/ chmlrr(mgs)  )

!           zhmlrr(mgs) = Max( z1, zhmlrr(mgs))

          ENDIF !}


!          zhshrr(mgs) =  (xdn(mgs,lh)/xdn(mgs,lr))**2 * zhshr(mgs)


         IF ( lhl > 1 .and. qhlmlr(mgs) /= 0 .and. ibinhlmlr == 0) THEN

          tmp = qx(mgs,lhl)/cx(mgs,lhl)

!          zhlmlrr(mgs) =  Min(0.0, (xdn(mgs,lhl)/xdn(mgs,lr))**2 * &

!     &       g1x(mgs,lhl)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lhl)))**2*( 2.*tmp * qhlmlr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chlmlrr(mgs)  ) )


!          IF ( zhlmlrr(mgs) >= 0. ) THEN ! should be negative, if not, then use alternate calculation

!           zhlmlrr(mgs) =  (xdn(mgs,lhl)/xdn(mgs,lr))**2 * zhlmlr(mgs)

!          ENDIF


           IF ( (shedalp + alpha(mgs,lhl))*xdia(mgs,lhl,1) < sheddiam ) THEN ! if not shedding small drops, then use alpha of hail

             z1 = g1x(mgs,lhl)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhlmlr(mgs)**2/ chlmlrr(mgs)  )

           ELSE ! assume drops are shed off, so use either alpha for shedding or graupel alpha, whichever gives the lower g-factor (i.e., larger alpha)

             z1 = min(g1x(mgs,lhl),g1shr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhlmlr(mgs)**2/ chlmlrr(mgs)  )

!             z1 = g1shr*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhlmlr(mgs)**2/ chlmlrr(mgs)  )

           ENDIF

           zhlmlrr(mgs) = z1


!           z1 = g1mlr*(rho0(mgs)/(xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( qhlmlr(mgs)**2/ chlmlrr(mgs)  )

!           zhlmlrr(mgs) = Max( z1, zhlmlrr(mgs))

!         zhlmlr(mgs) =

!          zhlshrr(mgs) =  (xdn(mgs,lhl)/xdn(mgs,lr))**2 * zhlshr(mgs)

         ENDIF


         ENDIF ! }


        IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) .and. cx(mgs,lr) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN


          tmp = qx(mgs,lr)/cx(mgs,lr)

          g1 = g1x(mgs,lr) ! 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)


        IF ( qracw(mgs) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,lr) > 0.0 ) THEN

         zracw(mgs) =  g1x(mgs,lr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( 2.*tmp * qracw(mgs) )

        ENDIF


        IF ( cracr(mgs) /= 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,lr) > 0.0  ) THEN

         zracr(mgs) =  g1x(mgs,lr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*1000.))**2*( tmp**2 * cracr(mgs) )

        ENDIF


        qtmp = qrcev(mgs)

        ctmp = crcev(mgs)


!        IF ( .false. .or. iferwisventr == 2 ) THEN

!        zrcev(mgs) = Min(0.0, (12./(pii*xdn(mgs,lr)))*xdia(mgs,lr,1)**3*fvce(mgs)*rwcap(mgs)*rwventz(mgs) )

!        ELSE

        zrcev(mgs) = g1x(mgs,lr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*( 2.*( tmp ) * qtmp - tmp**2 * ctmp )


        IF (  iferwisventr == 2 ) THEN

          vent1 = min(0.0, (12./(pii*xdn(mgs,lr)))*xdia(mgs,lr,1)**3*fvce(mgs)*rwcap(mgs)*rwventz(mgs))

          zrcev(mgs) = max( dble(zrcev(mgs)), vent1 )

        ENDIF

!        IF ( ny == 2 .and. igs(mgs) == 20 ) THEN

!          write(0,*) 'k,zrcevold,new,maxdep : ',kgs(mgs),zrcev(mgs),vent1,-zxmxd(mgs,lr),alpha(mgs,lr),cx(mgs,lr)

!        ENDIF


!        ENDIF

        zrcev(mgs) = max( zrcev(mgs), -zxmxd(mgs,lr) )


        IF ( qhacr(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

          zrach(mgs) =  g1x(mgs,lr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2* &

     &     ( 2.*( qx(mgs,lr)/cx(mgs,lr)) * qhacr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chacr(mgs) )

          zrach(mgs) = min( zrach(mgs), zxmxd(mgs,lr) )


         ENDIF


        IF ( lhl > 1 .and. qhlacr(mgs) > 0.0 ) THEN

          zrachl(mgs) = g1x(mgs,lr)*(6.*rho0(mgs)/(pi*xdn(mgs,lr)))**2*   &

     &     ( 2.*( qx(mgs,lr)/cx(mgs,lr)) * qhlacr(mgs) - tmp**2 * chlacr(mgs) )

          zrachl(mgs) = min( zrachl(mgs), zxmxd(mgs,lr) )

         ENDIF


        ENDIF


         pzrwi(mgs) = zrcnw(mgs) + zracw(mgs) + zracr(mgs) &

     &    + max( 0.,zrcev(mgs) )  &

     &  - (1-il5(mgs))*zsmlrr(mgs)   &

     &  - zsshrr(mgs)   &

     &  - (1-il5(mgs))*zhmlrr(mgs)   &

     &  - zhshrr(mgs)   &

     &  - (1-il5(mgs))*zhlmlrr(mgs)   &

     &  - zhlshrr(mgs)


         pzrwd(mgs) = 0.0   &

     &   +  min(0.,zrcev(mgs) )  &

     &    - zrach(mgs)  &

     &    - zrachl(mgs)  &

     &    - zrfrz(mgs)  &

     &    - il5(mgs)*(ziacr(mgs) )


         IF ( zx(mgs,lr) + dtp*(pzrwi(mgs)+pzrwd(mgs))  <= 0.0  &

              .and. qx(mgs,lr) > qxmin(lr) ) THEN

           pzrwd(mgs) =  -zx(mgs,lr)*dtpinv - pzrwi(mgs)

         ENDIF


        ENDDO


      ENDIF


!

!  Snow volume

!

      IF ( lvol(ls) .gt. 1 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!      pvswi(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*( pqswi(mgs) )/xdn0(ls)


      pvswi(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*(    &

!aps     >   il5*qsfzs(mgs)/xdn(mgs,ls)   &

!aps     >  -il5*qsfzs(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lr)   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qscni(mgs)+qsaci(mgs)+qsdpv(mgs)   &

     &   + qscnvi(mgs) + (1. - ifrzs)*qiacrs(mgs) &

     &   + (1. - ifrzs)*qrfrzs(mgs)  &

     &  )/xdn0(ls)   &

     &    + (qsacr(mgs))/rimdn(mgs,ls) ) + vsacw(mgs)

!     >   + (qsacw(mgs) + qsacr(mgs))/rimdn(mgs,ls) )

      pvswd(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*( pqswd(mgs) )/xdn0(ls)  &

!     >  -qhacs(mgs)

!     >  -qhcns(mgs)

!     >  +(1-il5(mgs))*qsmlr(mgs) + qsshr(mgs)

!     >  +il5(mgs)*(qssbv(mgs))

     &   -rho0(mgs)*qsmul(mgs)/xdn0(ls)

!aps     >   +rho0(mgs)*(1-il5(mgs))*(

!aps     >             qsmlr(mgs)/xdn(mgs,ls)

!aps     >    +(qscev-qsmlr(mgs))/xdn(mgs,lr) )

      end do


!aps      IF (mixedphase) THEN

!aps        pvswd(mgs) = pvswd(mgs)

!aps     >   + rho0(mgs)*qsshr(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lr)

!aps      ENDIF


      ENDIF

!

!  Graupel volume

!

      IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 ) THEN

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

!      pvhwi(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*( (pqhwi(mgs) )/xdn0(lh) )


!      pvhwi(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*( (pqhwi(mgs) - il5(mgs)*qrfrzf(mgs) )/xdn0(lh) !

!     :  +  il5(mgs)*qrfrzf(mgs)/rhofrz )


      pvhwi(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*(   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*( ifiacrg*ffrzh*qracif(mgs))/rhofrz   &

!erm     >  + il5(mgs)*qhfzh(mgs)/rhofrz !aps: or use xdnmx(lh)?   &

     &  + (  il5(mgs)*qhdpv(mgs)/qhdpvdn   &

     &     + (qhacs(mgs) + qhaci(mgs))/qhacidn ) )   &

     &  +   rho0(mgs)*max(0.0, qhcev(mgs))/1000.   & ! only used in mixed phase: evaporation/condensation of liquid water coating

!     >     + qhacs(mgs) + qhaci(mgs) )/xdn0(ls) )   &

     &  + f2h*vhcns(mgs)   &

     &  + vhacr(mgs) + vhacw(mgs)  + vhfzh(mgs)   & ! qhacw(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,lh)

!     >  + vhfrh(mgs)   &

     &  + f2h*vhcni(mgs) + (ifiacrg*viacrf(mgs) + ifrzg*vrfrzf(mgs))*ffrzh

!     >  +qhacr(mgs)/raindn(mgs,lh) + qhacw(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,lh)


!      pvhwd(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*(pqhwd(mgs) )/xdn0(lh)


      pvhwd(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*(   &

!     >   qhshr(mgs)/xdn0(lr)   &

!     >  - il5(mgs)*qhfzh(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lr)   &

     &  +( (1-il5(mgs))*vhmlr(mgs)    &

!     >     +il5(mgs)*qhsbv(mgs)   &

     &     + qhsbv(mgs)   &

     &     + min(0.0, qhcev(mgs))   &

     &     -qhmul1(mgs) )/xdn(mgs,lh) )   &

     &  - vhlcnh(mgs) + vhshdr(mgs) - vhsoak(mgs) - vscnh(mgs)


!      IF (mixedphase) THEN

!       pvhwd(mgs) = pvhwd(mgs)

!     >  + rho0(mgs)*qhshr(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lh) !xdn(mgs,lr)

!      ENDIF


       IF ( lzh > 1 .and. qx(mgs,lh) > qxmin(lh) .and.  &

            vx(mgs,lh) + dtp*(pvhwi(mgs) + pvhwd(mgs)) >  rho0(mgs)*qxmin(lh)/900. ) THEN

!       Calculate change in reflectivity due to density changes


        xdn_new = rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lh) + dtp*(pqhwi(mgs) + pqhwd(mgs) ))/   &

     &   (vx(mgs,lh) + dtp*(pvhwi(mgs) + pvhwd(mgs))  )


           IF ( mixedphase ) THEN

             IF ( qxw(mgs,lh) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

               dnmx = xdnmx(lr)

             ELSE

               dnmx = xdnmx(lh)

             ENDIF

           ELSE

             dnmx = xdnmx(lh)

           ENDIF


        xdn_new = max( min( xdn_new, dnmx ), xdnmn(lh) )


        drhodt = (xdn_new - xdn(mgs,lh))*dtpinv


        zhwdn(mgs) = -2.*g1x(mgs,lh)*(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lh)*6.*pii )**2/(cx(mgs,lh)*xdn(mgs,lh)**3)*drhodt


        pzhwi(mgs) = pzhwi(mgs) + max(0.0, zhwdn(mgs))

        pzhwd(mgs) = pzhwd(mgs) + min(0.0, zhwdn(mgs))


       ENDIF

      IF ( .false. .and. ny .eq. 2 .and. kgs(mgs) .eq. 9 .and. igs(mgs) .eq. 19 ) THEN


      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   'Graupel at ',igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)

!

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qrfrzf(mgs), qrfrzf(mgs) - qrfrz(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qiacrf(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qracif(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhcns',qhcns(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhcni',qhcni(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*(qhdpv(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   'qhacr ',qhacr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhacw', qhacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhacs', qhacs(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhaci', qhaci(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'pqhwi = ',pqhwi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*) 'qhcev',qhcev(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhshr',qhshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  'qhmlr', (1-il5(mgs))*qhmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhsbv', qhsbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhlcnh',-qhlcnh(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'qhmul1',-qhmul1(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'pqhwd = ', pqhwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)  'Volume'

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)  'pvhwi',pvhwi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'vhcns', vhcns(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  'vhacr,vhacw',vhacr(mgs), vhacw(mgs) ! qhacw(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,lh)

      write(iunit,*)  'vhcni',vhcni(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)  'pvhwd',pvhwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  'vhlcnh,vhshdr,vhsoak ', vhlcnh(mgs),  vhshdr(mgs), vhsoak(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  'vhmlr', vhmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)

!      write(iunit,*)

!      write(iunit,*)

!      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)  'Concentration'

      write(iunit,*)   pchwi(mgs),pchwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  crfrzf(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  chcns(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  ciacrf(mgs)


      ENDIF


      ENDDO


      ENDIF

!

!

!


!

!  Hail volume

!

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      IF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1 ) THEN

      DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


      pvhli(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*(   &

     &  + (  il5(mgs)*(((1.0-ifiacrg)*ffrzh*qracif(mgs))/rhofrz  + qhldpv(mgs) )   &

!     &  +    Max(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))   &

!     &     + qhlacs(mgs) + qhlaci(mgs) )/xdnmn(lhl) )   & ! xdn0(ls) )   &

!     &     + qhlacs(mgs) + qhlaci(mgs) )/xdnmn(lh) )   &  ! yes, this is 'lh' on purpose

     &     + qhlacs(mgs) + qhlaci(mgs) )/500. )   &  ! changed to 500 instead of min graupel density to keep hail density from dropping too much

     &  +   rho0(mgs)*max(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))/1000.   &

     &  + vhlcnhl(mgs) + ((1.0-ifiacrg)*ffrzh*viacrf(mgs) + (1.0-ifrzg)*ffrzh*vrfrzf(mgs))  &

     &  + vhlacr(mgs) + vhlacw(mgs) + vhlfzhl(mgs) ! qhlacw(mgs)/rimdn(mgs,lhl)


      pvhld(mgs) = rho0(mgs)*(   &

     &  +(  qhlsbv(mgs)   &

     &     + min(0.0, qhlcev(mgs))   &

     &     -qhlmul1(mgs) )/xdn(mgs,lhl) ) &

!     &   + vhlmlr(mgs)                    &

     &   + rho0(mgs)*(1-il5(mgs))*vhlmlr(mgs)/xdn(mgs,lhl)  &

     &   + vhlshdr(mgs) - vhlsoak(mgs)


       IF ( lzhl > 1 .and. qx(mgs,lhl) > qxmin(lhl) .and.  &

            vx(mgs,lhl) + dtp*(pvhli(mgs) + pvhld(mgs)) >  rho0(mgs)*qxmin(lhl)/900. ) THEN

!       Calculate change in reflectivity due to density changes


        xdn_new = rho0(mgs)*(qx(mgs,lhl) + dtp*(pqhli(mgs) + pqhld(mgs) ))/   &

     &   (vx(mgs,lhl) + dtp*(pvhli(mgs) + pvhld(mgs))  )


           IF ( mixedphase ) THEN

             IF ( qxw(mgs,lhl) .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

               dnmx = xdnmx(lr)

             ELSE

               dnmx = xdnmx(lhl)

             ENDIF

           ELSE

             dnmx = xdnmx(lhl)

           ENDIF

        xdn_new = max( min( xdn_new, dnmx ), xdnmn(lhl) )


        drhodt = (xdn_new - xdn(mgs,lhl))*dtpinv


        zhldn(mgs) = -2.*g1x(mgs,lhl)*(rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lhl)*6.*pii )**2/(cx(mgs,lhl)*xdn(mgs,lhl)**3)*drhodt


        pzhli(mgs) = pzhli(mgs) + max(0.0, zhldn(mgs))

        pzhld(mgs) = pzhld(mgs) + min(0.0, zhldn(mgs))


       ENDIF


      ENDDO


      ENDIF

      ENDIF


      if ( ndebug .ge. 1 ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

      ptotal(mgs) = 0.

      ptotal(mgs) = ptotal(mgs)     &

     &  + pqwvi(mgs) + pqwvd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqcwi(mgs) + pqcwd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqcii(mgs) + pqcid(mgs)   &

     &  + pqrwi(mgs) + pqrwd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqswi(mgs) + pqswd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqhwi(mgs) + pqhwd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqhli(mgs) + pqhld(mgs)

!


      ENDDO


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      if ( ( (ndebug .ge. 0  ) .and. abs(ptotal(mgs)) .gt. eqtot )   &

!      if ( (  abs(ptotal(mgs)) .gt. eqtot )

!     :    .or. pqswi(mgs)*dtp .gt. 1.e-3

!     :    .or. pqhwi(mgs)*dtp .gt. 1.e-3

!     :     .or. dtp*(pqrwi(mgs)+pqrwd(mgs)) .gt. 10.0e-3

!     :     .or. dtp*(pccii(mgs)+pccid(mgs)) .gt. 1.e7

!     :     .or. dtp*(pcipi(mgs)+pcipd(mgs)) .gt. 1.e7    &

     &  .or.  .not. (ptotal(mgs) .lt. 1.0 .and.  ptotal(mgs) .gt. -1.0)   & ! this line is basically checking for NaNs

     &              ) then

      write(iunit,*) 'YIKES! ','ptotal1',mgs,igs(mgs),jgs,   &

     &       kgs(mgs),ptotal(mgs)


      write(iunit,*) 't7: ', t7(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)  'cci,ccw,crw,rdia: ',cx(mgs,li),cx(mgs,lc),cx(mgs,lr),0.5*xdia(mgs,lr,1)

      write(iunit,*)  'qc,qi,qr : ',qx(mgs,lc),qx(mgs,li),qx(mgs,lr)

      write(iunit,*)  'rmas, qrcalc : ',xmas(mgs,lr),xmas(mgs,lr)*cx(mgs,lr)/rho0(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  'vti,vtc,eiw,vtr: ',vtxbar(mgs,li,1),vtxbar(mgs,lc,1),eiw(mgs),vtxbar(mgs,lr,1)

      write(iunit,*)  'cidia,cwdia,qcmxd: ', xdia(mgs,li,1),xdia(mgs,lc,1),qcmxd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  'snow: ',qx(mgs,ls),cx(mgs,ls),swvent(mgs),vtxbar(mgs,ls,1),xdia(mgs,ls,1)

      write(iunit,*)  'graupel: ',qx(mgs,lh),cx(mgs,lh),hwvent(mgs),vtxbar(mgs,lh,1),xdia(mgs,lh,1)

      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) write(iunit,*)  'hail: ',qx(mgs,lhl),cx(mgs,lhl),hlvent(mgs),vtxbar(mgs,lhl,1),xdia(mgs,lhl,1)


      write(iunit,*)  'li: ',xdia(mgs,li,1),xdia(mgs,li,2),xmas(mgs,li),qx(mgs,li),   &

     &         vtxbar(mgs,li,1)


      write(iunit,*)  'rain cx,xv : ',cx(mgs,lr),xv(mgs,lr)

      write(iunit,*)  'temcg = ', temcg(mgs)


      write(iunit,*) 'v ', pqwvi(mgs) ,pqwvd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*) 'c ', pqcwi(mgs) ,pqcwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*) 'ci', pqcii(mgs) ,pqcid(mgs)

      write(iunit,*) 'r ', pqrwi(mgs) ,pqrwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*) 's ', pqswi(mgs) ,pqswd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*) 'h ', pqhwi(mgs) ,pqhwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*) 'hl', pqhli(mgs) ,pqhld(mgs)

       tmp =  pqwvi(mgs) + pqwvd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqcwi(mgs) + pqcwd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqcii(mgs) + pqcid(mgs)   &

     &  + pqrwi(mgs) + pqrwd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqswi(mgs) + pqswd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqhwi(mgs) + pqhwd(mgs)   &

     &  + pqhli(mgs) + pqhld(mgs)


      write(iunit,*) 'total = ',tmp

      write(iunit,*) 'END OF OUTPUT OF SOURCE AND SINK'


!

!  print production terms

!

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   'Vapor'

!

      write(iunit,*)   -min(0.0,qrcev(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qhsbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qhlsbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qssbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qisbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)    'pqwvi= ', pqwvi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -max(0.0,qrcev(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   -max(0.0,qhcev(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   -max(0.0,qhlcev(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   -max(0.0,qscev(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qiint(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qhdpv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qhldpv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qsdpv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qidpv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)    'pqwvd = ', pqwvd(mgs)

!

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   'Cloud ice'

!

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qicicnt(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qidpv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qiacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qwfrzc(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qwctfzc(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qicichr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhmul1(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhlmul1(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'pqcii = ', pqcii(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qscni(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qscnvi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qraci(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qsaci(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qhaci(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qhlaci(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qisbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   (1.-il5(mgs))*qimlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qhcni(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'pqcid = ', pqcid(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   ' Conc:'

      write(iunit,*)   pccii(mgs),pccid(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs),cicint(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   cwfrzc(mgs),cwctfzc(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   cicichr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   chmul1(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   chlmul1(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   csmul(mgs)

!

!

!

!

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   'Cloud water'

!

      write(iunit,*)   'pqcwi =', pqcwi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qiacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qwfrzc(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qwctfzc(mgs)

!      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qwfrzp(mgs)

!      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qwctfzp(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qiihr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qicichr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*qipiphr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qracw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qsacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qrcnw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qhacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qhlacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'pqcwd = ', pqcwd(mgs)


      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)  'Concentration:'

      write(iunit,*)   -cautn(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -cracw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -csacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -chacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  -ciacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  -cwfrzp(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  -cwctfzp(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  -cwfrzc(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  -cwctfzc(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   pccwd(mgs)

!

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)      'Rain '

!

      write(iunit,*)      qracw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)      qrcnw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)      max(0.0, qrcev(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)       -(1-il5(mgs))*qhmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       -(1-il5(mgs))*qhlmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       -(1-il5(mgs))*qsmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       -(1-il5(mgs))*qimlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       -qrshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       'pqrwi = ', pqrwi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qsshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qhshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qhlshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -il5(mgs)*qiacr(mgs),qiacr(mgs), qiacrf(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -il5(mgs)*qrfrz(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qsacr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qhacr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qhlacr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        qrcev(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       'pqrwd = ', pqrwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        'qrzfac = ', qrzfac(mgs)

!


      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)  'Rain concentration'

      write(iunit,*)  pcrwi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)    crcnw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)    1-il5(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -chmlr(mgs),-csmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)     -crshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  pcrwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)    il5(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -ciacr(mgs),-crfrz(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -csacr(mgs),-chacr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   +crcev(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   cracr(mgs)

!      write(iunit,*)   -il5(mgs)*ciracr(mgs)


      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   'Snow'

!

      write(iunit,*)        il5(mgs)*qscni(mgs), qscnvi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        il5(mgs)*qsaci(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        il5(mgs)*qrfrzs(mgs), qiacrs(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        il5(mgs)*qiacrs(mgs),il3(mgs)*(qiacrf(mgs)+qracif(mgs)),il3(mgs),qiacrf(mgs),qracif(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        il5(mgs)*qsdpv(mgs), qscev(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        qsacw(mgs),qwfrzc(mgs), qwctfzc(mgs), qicichr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        qsacr(mgs), qscnh(mgs)

      write(iunit,*) il2(mgs)*qsacr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*) il5(mgs)*qicicnt(mgs)*ffrzs

      write(iunit,*) il3(mgs)*(qiacrf(mgs)+qracif(mgs))  ! only applies for ipconc <= 3

      write(iunit,*) max(0.0, qscev(mgs))

      write(iunit,*) qsacw(mgs) + qscnh(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        'pqswi = ',pqswi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qhcns(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qracs(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qhacs(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)        -qhlacs(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       (1-il5(mgs))*qsmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       qsshr(mgs)

!      write(iunit,*)       qsshrp(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)       il5(mgs)*(qssbv(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)       'pqswd = ', pqswd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qracs(mgs)*(1-il2(mgs)) , qhacs(mgs) , qhlacs(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qhcns(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   +(1-il5(mgs))*qsmlr(mgs) , qsshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)    qssbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   min(0.0, qscev(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   -qsmul(mgs)

!

!

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   'Graupel'

!

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qrfrzf(mgs), qrfrzf(mgs) - qrfrz(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qiacrf(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qracif(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhcns(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhcni(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*(qhdpv(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   qhacr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhacs(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhaci(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'pqhwi = ',pqhwi(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   qhshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   (1-il5(mgs))*qhmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs),qhsbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qhlcnh(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   -qhmul1(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   'pqhwd = ', pqhwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  'Concentration'

      write(iunit,*)   pchwi(mgs),pchwd(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  crfrzf(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  chcns(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  ciacrf(mgs)


!

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   'Hail'

!

      write(iunit,*)   qhlcnh(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*(qhldpv(mgs))

      write(iunit,*)   qhlacr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhlacw(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhlacs(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   qhlaci(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   pqhli(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)

      write(iunit,*)   qhlshr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   (1-il5(mgs))*qhlmlr(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   il5(mgs)*qhlsbv(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)   pqhld(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  'Concentration'

      write(iunit,*)   pchli(mgs),pchld(mgs)

      write(iunit,*)  chlcnh(mgs)

!

!  Balance and checks for continuity.....within machine precision...

!

!

      write(iunit,*) 'END OF OUTPUT OF SOURCE AND SINK'

      write(iunit,*) 'PTOTAL',ptotal(mgs)

!

      end if ! ptotal out of bounds or NaN

!

      end do

!


      end if ! ( nstep/12*12 .eq. nstep )


!

!  latent heating from phase changes (except qcw, qci cond, and evap)

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      IF ( warmonly < 0.5 ) THEN

      pfrz(mgs) =    &

     &  (1-il5(mgs))*   &

     &  (qhmlr(mgs)+    &

     &   qsmlr(mgs)+qhlmlr(mgs))   & !+qhmlh(mgs))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(1-imixedphase)*(   &

     &   qsacw(mgs)+qhacw(mgs) + qhlacw(mgs)   &

     &  +qsacr(mgs)+qhacr(mgs) + qhlacr(mgs)   &

     &  +qsshr(mgs)   &

     &  +qhshr(mgs)   &

     &  +qhlshr(mgs)  &

     &  +qrfrz(mgs)+qiacr(mgs)  &

     &  )  &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qwfrz(mgs)    &

     &  +qwctfz(mgs)+qiihr(mgs)   &

     &  +qiacw(mgs))

      pmlt(mgs) =    &

     &  (1-il5(mgs))*   &

     &  (qhmlr(mgs)+qsmlr(mgs)+  &

     &   qhlmlr(mgs))    !+qhmlh(mgs))

      ! NOTE: psub is sum of sublimation and deposition

      psub(mgs) =    &

     &   il5(mgs)*(   &

     &  + qsdpv(mgs) + qhdpv(mgs)   &

     &  + qhldpv(mgs)    &

     &  + qidpv(mgs) + qisbv(mgs) )   &

     &   + qssbv(mgs)  + qhsbv(mgs) &

     &  + qhlsbv(mgs)   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qiint(mgs))

      pvap(mgs) =    &

     &   qrcev(mgs) + qhcev(mgs) + qscev(mgs) + qhlcev(mgs) + qfcev(mgs)

      pevap(mgs) =    &

     &   min(0.0,qrcev(mgs)) + min(0.0,qhcev(mgs)) + min(0.0,qscev(mgs)) + min(0.0,qhlcev(mgs)) &

         +  min(0.0,qfcev(mgs))

      ! NOTE: pdep is the deposition part only

      pdep(mgs) =    &

     &   il5(mgs)*(   &

     &  + qsdpv(mgs) + qhdpv(mgs)   &

     &  + qhldpv(mgs)    &

     &  + qidpv(mgs)  )   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qiint(mgs))

      ELSEIF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN

      pfrz(mgs) =    &

     &  (1-il5(mgs))*   &

     &  (qhmlr(mgs)+qhlmlr(mgs))   & !+qhmlh(mgs))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qhfzh(mgs)+qhlfzhl(mgs))   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(   &

     &  +qhshr(mgs)   &

     &  +qhlshr(mgs)   &

     &  +qrfrz(mgs)+qwfrz(mgs)   &

     &  +qwctfz(mgs)+qiihr(mgs)   &

     &  +qiacw(mgs)                &

     & +qhacw(mgs) + qhlacw(mgs)   &

     & +qhacr(mgs) + qhlacr(mgs)  )

      psub(mgs) =  0.0 +  &

     &   il5(mgs)*(   &

     &  + qhdpv(mgs)   &

     &  + qhldpv(mgs)    &

     &  + qidpv(mgs) + qisbv(mgs) )   &

     &  +il5(mgs)*(qiint(mgs))

      pvap(mgs) =    &

     &   qrcev(mgs) + qhcev(mgs) + qhlcev(mgs) + qfcev(mgs)

      ELSE

      pfrz(mgs) = 0.0

      psub(mgs) = 0.0

      pvap(mgs) = qrcev(mgs)

      ENDIF ! warmonly

      ptem(mgs) =    &

     &  (1./pi0(mgs))*   &

     &  (felfcp(mgs)*pfrz(mgs)   &

     &  +felscp(mgs)*psub(mgs)    &

     &  +felvcp(mgs)*pvap(mgs))

      thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + dtp*ptem(mgs)

      ptem2(mgs) = ptem(mgs)

      IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

        pipert(mgs) = pipert(mgs) + (felfpi(mgs)*pfrz(mgs)   &

     &  +felspi(mgs)*psub(mgs)    &

     &  +felvpi(mgs)*pvap(mgs))*dtp

      ENDIF

      end do


!

!  sum the sources and sinks for qwvp, qcw, qci, qrw, qsw

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) +        &

     &   dtp*(pqwvi(mgs)+pqwvd(mgs))

   !   qcwresv(mgs) = qx(mgs,lc) ! temporary save of old qc value

      qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) +   &

     &   dtp*(pqcwi(mgs)+pqcwd(mgs))

      qx(mgs,lr) = qx(mgs,lr) +   &

     &   dtp*(pqrwi(mgs)+pqrwd(mgs))

      qx(mgs,li) = qx(mgs,li) +   &

     &   dtp*(pqcii(mgs)+pqcid(mgs))

      qx(mgs,ls) = qx(mgs,ls) +   &

     &   dtp*(pqswi(mgs)+pqswd(mgs))

      qx(mgs,lh) = qx(mgs,lh) +    &

     &   dtp*(pqhwi(mgs)+pqhwd(mgs))


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      qx(mgs,lhl) = qx(mgs,lhl) +    &

     &   dtp*(pqhli(mgs)+pqhld(mgs))

      ENDIF


      end do


! sum sources for particle volume


      IF ( ldovol ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


      IF ( lvol(ls) .gt. 1 ) THEN

      vx(mgs,ls) = vx(mgs,ls) +    &

     &   dtp*(pvswi(mgs)+pvswd(mgs))

      ENDIF


      IF ( lvol(lh) .gt. 1 ) THEN

      vx(mgs,lh) = vx(mgs,lh) +    &

     &   dtp*(pvhwi(mgs)+pvhwd(mgs))

!     >   rho0(mgs)*dtp*(pqhwi(mgs)+pqhwd(mgs))/xdn0(lh)

      ENDIF


      IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

      IF ( lvol(lhl) .gt. 1 ) THEN

      vx(mgs,lhl) = vx(mgs,lhl) +    &

     &   dtp*(pvhli(mgs)+pvhld(mgs))

!     >   rho0(mgs)*dtp*(pqhwi(mgs)+pqhwd(mgs))/xdn0(lh)

      ENDIF

      ENDIF


      ENDDO


      ENDIF  ! ldovol


!

!

!

! concentrations

!

      if ( ipconc .ge. 1  ) then

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      cx(mgs,li) = cx(mgs,li) +   &

     &   dtp*(pccii(mgs)+pccid(mgs))

      cina(mgs) = cina(mgs) + pccin(mgs)*dtp

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

      cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) +   &

     &   dtp*(pccwi(mgs)+pccwd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 3 ) THEN

      cx(mgs,lr) = cx(mgs,lr) +   &

     &   dtp*(pcrwi(mgs)+pcrwd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 4 ) THEN

      cx(mgs,ls) = cx(mgs,ls) +   &

     &   dtp*(pcswi(mgs)+pcswd(mgs))

      ENDIF

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 5 ) THEN

      cx(mgs,lh) = cx(mgs,lh) +    &

     &   dtp*(pchwi(mgs)+pchwd(mgs))

       IF ( lhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

        cx(mgs,lhl) = cx(mgs,lhl) +    &

     &     dtp*(pchli(mgs)+pchld(mgs))


       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      IF ( ipconc .ge. 6 ) THEN

       IF ( lzr .gt. 1 ) THEN

       zx(mgs,lr) = zx(mgs,lr) +    &

     &   dtp*(pzrwi(mgs)+pzrwd(mgs))

       ENDIF

       IF ( lzs .gt. 1 ) THEN

       zx(mgs,ls) = zx(mgs,ls) +    &

     &   dtp*(pzswi(mgs)+pzswd(mgs))

       ENDIF

       IF ( lzh .gt. 1 ) THEN

       zx(mgs,lh) = zx(mgs,lh) +    &

     &   dtp*(pzhwi(mgs)+pzhwd(mgs))

       ENDIF

       IF ( lzhl .gt. 1 ) THEN

        zx(mgs,lhl) = zx(mgs,lhl) +    &

     &     dtp*(pzhli(mgs)+pzhld(mgs))

!      IF ( pchli(mgs) .ne. 0. .or. pchld(mgs) .ne. 0 ) THEN

!       write(0,*) 'dr: cx,pchli,pchld = ', cx(mgs,lhl),pchli(mgs),pchld(mgs), igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)

!      ENDIF

       ENDIF

      ENDIF

      end do

      end if


      IF ( has_wetscav ) THEN

        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

         evapprod2d(igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)) = -(qrcev(mgs) + qssbv(mgs)  + qhsbv(mgs) + qhlsbv(mgs))

         rainprod2d(igs(mgs),kgs(mgs)) = qrcnw(mgs) + qracw(mgs) + qsacw(mgs) + qhacw(mgs) + qhlacw(mgs) + &

                                         qraci(mgs) + qsaci(mgs) + qhaci(mgs) + qhlaci(mgs) + qscni(mgs)

        ENDDO

      ENDIF

!

!

!

! start saturation adjustment

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'conc 30a'

!      include 'sam.jms.satadj.sgi'

!

!

!

!  Modified Straka adjustment (nearly identical to Tao et al. 1989 MWR)

!

!

!

!  set up temperature and vapor arrays

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      pqs(mgs) = (380.0)/(pres(mgs))

      theta(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + theta0(mgs)

      qvap(mgs) = max( (qwvp(mgs) + qv0(mgs)), 0.0 )

      temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*pk(mgs) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

      end do

!

!  melting of cloud ice

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qcwtmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lc)

      ptimlw(mgs) = 0.0

      end do

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

      if( temg(mgs) .gt. tfr .and.   &

     &    qitmp(mgs) .gt. 0.0 ) then

      qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + qitmp(mgs)

!      pfrz(mgs) = pfrz(mgs) - qitmp(mgs)*dtpinv

      ptem(mgs) =  ptem(mgs) +   &

     &  (1./pi0(mgs))*   &

     &  felfcp(mgs)*(- qitmp(mgs)*dtpinv)

      IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

        pipert(mgs) = pipert(mgs) - (felfpi(mgs)*qitmp(mgs))

      ENDIF

      pmlt(mgs) = pmlt(mgs) - qitmp(mgs)*dtpinv

      scx(mgs,lc) = scx(mgs,lc) + scx(mgs,li)

      thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) -   &

     &  fcc3(mgs)*qitmp(mgs)

      ptimlw(mgs) = -fcc3(mgs)*qitmp(mgs)*dtpinv

      cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) + cx(mgs,li)

      qx(mgs,li) = 0.0

      cx(mgs,li) = 0.0

      scx(mgs,li) = 0.0

      vx(mgs,li) = 0.0

      qitmp(mgs) = 0.0

      end if

      end do


!

!


!      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!      qimlw(mgs) = (qcwtmp(mgs)-qx(mgs,lc))*dtpinv

!      end do

!

!  homogeneous freezing of cloud water

!

      IF ( warmonly < 0.8 ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qcwtmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lc)

      ptwfzi(mgs) = 0.0

      end do

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt


!      if( temg(mgs) .lt. tfrh ) THEN

!       write(0,*) 'GS: mgs,temp,qc,qi = ',mgs,temg(mgs),temcg(mgs),qx(mgs,lc),qx(mgs,li)

!      ENDIF


      ctmp = 0.0

      frac = 0.0

      qtmp = 0.0


!      if( ( temg(mgs) .lt. thnuc + 2. .or. (ibfc == 2 .and. temg(mgs) < thnuc + 10. ) ) .and.    &

!     &  qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. (ipconc < 2 .or. ibfc == 0 .or. ibfc == 2 )) then

! commented for test (12/01/2015):

!      if( temg(mgs) .lt. thnuc + 0. .and.    &

!     &  qx(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.0 .and. (ipconc < 2 .or. ibfc == 0 )) then

      if( ( ( temg(mgs) .lt. thnuc + 0.) .or. (temg(mgs) .lt. thnuc + 2. .and. ibfc >= 3) ) .and.    &

     &  qx(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.0 .and. (ipconc < 2 .or. ibfc == 0 .or. ibfc == 2)) then


      IF ( ibfc >= 3 ) THEN

        frac = max( 0.25, min( 1., ((thnuc + 2.) - temg(mgs) )/4.0 ) )

      ELSEIF ( ibfc /= 2 .or. ipconc < 2 ) THEN

        frac = max( 0.25, min( 1., ((thnuc + 1.) - temg(mgs) )/4.0 ) )

      ELSE

          volt = exp( 16.2 + 1.0*temcg(mgs) )* 1.0e-6 !  Ts == -temcg ; volt comes from the fit in Fig. 1 in Bigg 1953

                                               ! for mean temperature for freezing: -ln (V) = a*Ts - b

                                               ! volt is given in cm**3, so factor of 1.e-6 to convert to m**3


         cwfrz(mgs) = cx(mgs,lc)*exp(-volt/xv(mgs,lc)) ! number of droplets with volume greater than volt


         qtmp = cwfrz(mgs)*xdn0(lc)*rhoinv(mgs)*(volt + xv(mgs,lc))

         frac = qtmp/qx(mgs,lc) ! reset number frozen to same fraction as mass. This makes

                                                       ! sure that cwfrz and qwfrz are consistent and prevents

                                                       ! spurious creation of ice crystals.


      ENDIF

      qtmp = frac*qx(mgs,lc)


      IF ( ibfc == 4 .and. lis >= 1 ) THEN

        qx(mgs,lis) = qx(mgs,lis) + qtmp

      ELSE

        qx(mgs,li) = qx(mgs,li) + qtmp ! qx(mgs,lc)

      ENDIF

      pfrz(mgs) = pfrz(mgs) + qtmp*dtpinv

      ptem(mgs) =  ptem(mgs) +   &

     &  (1./pi0(mgs))*   &

     &  felfcp(mgs)*(qtmp*dtpinv)


      IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

        pipert(mgs) = pipert(mgs) + felfpi(mgs)*qtmp

      ENDIF


!      IF ( lvol(li) .gt. 1 ) vx(mgs,li) = vx(mgs,li) + rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)/xdn0(li)

      IF ( lvol(li) .gt. 1 ) vx(mgs,li) = vx(mgs,li) + rho0(mgs)*qtmp/xdn0(li)


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

        ctmp = frac*cx(mgs,lc)

!        cx(mgs,li) = cx(mgs,li) + cx(mgs,lc)

        IF ( ibfc == 4 .and. lis >= 1 ) THEN

          cx(mgs,lis) = cx(mgs,lis) + ctmp

        ELSE

          cx(mgs,li) = cx(mgs,li) + ctmp

        ENDIF

      ELSE ! (ipconc .lt. 2 )

        ctmp = 0.0

        IF ( t9(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)-1) .gt. qx(mgs,lc) ) THEN

           qtmp = frac*t9(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)-1)


!           cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc)*qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/qtmp

           ctmp = cx(mgs,lc)*qx(mgs,lc)*rho0(mgs)/qtmp

        ELSE

           cx(mgs,lc) = max(0.0,wvel(mgs))*dtp*cwccn   &

     &      /gz(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs))

          cx(mgs,lc) = cwccn

        ENDIF


       IF ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) cx(mgs,li) = min(ccimx, cx(mgs,li) + cx(mgs,lc))

      ENDIF


      sctmp = frac*scx(mgs,lc)

!      scx(mgs,li) = scx(mgs,li) + scx(mgs,lc)

      scx(mgs,li) = scx(mgs,li) + sctmp

!      thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + fcc3(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)

!      ptwfzi(mgs) = fcc3(mgs)*qx(mgs,lc)*dtpinv

!      qx(mgs,lc) = 0.0

!      cx(mgs,lc) = 0.0

!      scx(mgs,lc) = 0.0

      thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + fcc3(mgs)*qtmp

      ptwfzi(mgs) = fcc3(mgs)*qtmp*dtpinv

      qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) - qtmp

      cx(mgs,lc) = cx(mgs,lc) - ctmp

      scx(mgs,lc) = scx(mgs,lc) - sctmp

      end if

      end do


      ENDIF ! warmonly

!

!      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!      qwfzi(mgs) = (qcwtmp(mgs)-qx(mgs,lc))*dtpinv   ! Not used?? (ERM)

!      end do

!

!  reset temporaries for cloud particles and vapor

!

      qcond(:) = 0.0


      IF ( ipconc .le. 1 .and.  lwsm6 ) THEN ! Explicit cloud condensation/evaporation (Rutledge and Hobbs 1983)

       DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


        qcwtmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lc)

        theta(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + theta0(mgs)

        temgtmp = temg(mgs)

!        temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*(p2(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)) ) ! *pk(mgs) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

!        temsav = temg(mgs)

!        thsave(mgs) = thetap(mgs)

        temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*pk(mgs) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

        temcg(mgs) = temg(mgs) - tfr

        ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

        ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


        IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

          qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

        ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

          qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

        ENDIF


        IF ( ( qvap(mgs) > qvs(mgs) .or. qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) ) .and. temg(mgs) > tfrh ) THEN

          tmp = (qvap(mgs) - qvs(mgs))/(1. + qvs(mgs)*felv(mgs)**2/(cp*rw*temg(mgs)**2) )

          qcond(mgs) = min( max( 0.0, tmp ), (qvap(mgs)-qvs(mgs)) )

          IF ( qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) .and. tmp < 0.0 ) THEN ! evaporation

            qcond(mgs) = max( tmp, -qx(mgs,lc) )

          ENDIF

          qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - qcond(mgs)

          qvap(mgs) = qvap(mgs) - qcond(mgs)

          qx(mgs,lc) = max( 0.0, qx(mgs,lc) + qcond(mgs) )

          thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + felvcp(mgs)*qcond(mgs)/(pi0(mgs))


        ENDIF


        ENDDO


      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc .le. 1 .and. .not. lwsm6 ) THEN

!      IF ( ipconc .le. 1  ) THEN


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qx(mgs,lv) = max( 0.0, qvap(mgs) )

      qx(mgs,lc) = max( 0.0, qx(mgs,lc) )

      qx(mgs,li) = max( 0.0, qx(mgs,li) )

      qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

      end do

!

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qcwtmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,lc)

      qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

      theta(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + theta0(mgs)

      temgtmp = temg(mgs)

      temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*(pinit(kgs(mgs)) + p2(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs)) ) ! *pk(mgs) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

      temsav = temg(mgs)

      thsave(mgs) = thetap(mgs)

      temcg(mgs) = temg(mgs) - tfr

      tqvcon = temg(mgs)-cbw

      ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

      ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF

      qis(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqis(ltemq)

      qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)

      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr ) then

      if( qx(mgs,lc) .ge. 0.0 .and. qitmp(mgs) .le. qxmin(li) )   &

     &  qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)

      if( qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc) .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li))   &

     &  qss(mgs) = qis(mgs)

      if( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li))   &

     &   qss(mgs) = (qx(mgs,lc)*qvs(mgs) + qitmp(mgs)*qis(mgs)) /   &

     &   (qx(mgs,lc) + qitmp(mgs))

      end if

      end do

!

!  iterate  adjustment

!

      do itertd = 1,2

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

!  calculate super-saturation

!

      qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

      fcci(mgs) = 0.0

      fcip(mgs) = 0.0

      dqcw(mgs) = 0.0

      dqci(mgs) = 0.0

      dqwv(mgs) = ( qx(mgs,lv) - qss(mgs) )

!

!  evaporation and sublimation adjustment

!

      if( dqwv(mgs) .lt. 0. ) then           !  subsaturated

        if( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. -dqwv(mgs) ) then  ! check if qc can make up all of the deficit

          dqcw(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)

          dqwv(mgs) = 0.

        else                                 !  otherwise make all qc available for evap

          dqcw(mgs) = -qx(mgs,lc)

          dqwv(mgs) = dqwv(mgs) + qx(mgs,lc)

        end if

!

        if( qitmp(mgs) .gt. -dqwv(mgs) ) then  ! check if qi can make up all the deficit

          dqci(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)

          dqwv(mgs) = 0.

        else                                  ! otherwise make all ice available for sublimation

          dqci(mgs) = -qitmp(mgs)

          dqwv(mgs) = dqwv(mgs) + qitmp(mgs)

        end if

!

       qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - ( dqcw(mgs) + dqci(mgs) )  ! add to perturbation vapor

!

! This next line removed 3/19/2003 thanks to Adam Houston,

!  who found the bug in the 3-ICE code

!      qwvp(mgs) = max(qwvp(mgs), 0.0)

      qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

      IF ( qitmp(mgs) .ge. qxmin(li) ) THEN

        fcci(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)/(qitmp(mgs))

      ELSE

        fcci(mgs) = 1.0

      ENDIF

      qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dqcw(mgs)

      qx(mgs,li) = qx(mgs,li) + dqci(mgs) * fcci(mgs)

      thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) +   &

     &  1./pi0(mgs)*   &

     &  (felvcp(mgs)*dqcw(mgs) +felscp(mgs)*dqci(mgs))


      IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

        pipert(mgs) = pipert(mgs)   &

     &  +(felspi(mgs)*dqci(mgs)    &

     &  +felvpi(mgs)*dqcw(mgs)) ! *dtp (remove dtp since dqxx are not rates)

      ENDIF


      end if  ! dqwv(mgs) .lt. 0. (end of evap/sublim)

!

! condensation/deposition

!

      IF ( dqwv(mgs) .ge. 0. ) THEN


!      write(iunit,*) 'satadj: mgs,iter = ',mgs,itertd,dqwv(mgs),qss(mgs),qx(mgs,lv),qx(mgs,lc)

!

        qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

        fracl(mgs) = 1.0

        fraci(mgs) = 0.0

        if ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr .and. temg(mgs) .gt. thnuc ) then

          fracl(mgs) = max(min(1.,(temg(mgs)-233.15)/(20.)),0.0)

          fraci(mgs) = 1.0-fracl(mgs)

        end if

        if ( temg(mgs) .le. thnuc ) then

           fraci(mgs) = 1.0

           fracl(mgs) = 0.0

         end if

        fraci(mgs) = 1.0-fracl(mgs)

!

       gamss = (felvcp(mgs)*fracl(mgs) + felscp(mgs)*fraci(mgs))   &

     &      / (pi0(mgs))

!

      IF ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr ) then

        IF (qx(mgs,lc) .ge. 0.0 .and. qitmp(mgs) .le. qxmin(li) ) then

         dqvcnd(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)/(1. + fcqv1(mgs)*qss(mgs)/   &

     &  ((temg(mgs)-cbw)**2))

        END IF

        IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .eq. 0.0 .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li) ) then

          dqvcnd(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)/(1. + fcqv2(mgs)*qss(mgs)/   &

     &  ((temg(mgs)-cbi)**2))

        END IF

        IF ( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.0 .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li) ) then

         cdw = caw*pi0(mgs)*tfrcbw/((temg(mgs)-cbw)**2)

         cdi = cai*pi0(mgs)*tfrcbi/((temg(mgs)-cbi)**2)

         denom1 = qx(mgs,lc) + qitmp(mgs)

         denom2 = 1.0 + gamss*   &

     &    (qx(mgs,lc)*qvs(mgs)*cdw + qitmp(mgs)*qis(mgs)*cdi) / denom1

         dqvcnd(mgs) =  dqwv(mgs) / denom2

        END IF


      ENDIF  !  temg(mgs) .lt. tfr

!

      if ( temg(mgs) .ge. tfr ) then

      dqvcnd(mgs) = dqwv(mgs)/(1. + fcqv1(mgs)*qss(mgs)/   &

     &  ((temg(mgs)-cbw)**2))

      end if

!

      delqci1=qx(mgs,li)

!

      IF ( qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

        fcci(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)/(qitmp(mgs))

      ELSE

        fcci(mgs) = 1.0

      ENDIF

!

      dqcw(mgs) = dqvcnd(mgs)*fracl(mgs)

      dqci(mgs) = dqvcnd(mgs)*fraci(mgs)

!

      thetap(mgs) = thetap(mgs) +   &

     &   (felvcp(mgs)*dqcw(mgs) + felscp(mgs)*dqci(mgs))   &

     & / (pi0(mgs))


      IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

        pipert(mgs) = pipert(mgs) + (0   &

     &  +felspi(mgs)*dqci(mgs)    &

     &  +felvpi(mgs)*dqcw(mgs)) ! *dtp (remove dtp since dqxx are not rates)

      ENDIF


      qwvp(mgs) = qwvp(mgs) - ( dqvcnd(mgs) )

      qx(mgs,lc) = qx(mgs,lc) + dqcw(mgs)

!      IF ( qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li) ) THEN

        qx(mgs,li) = qx(mgs,li) + dqci(mgs)*fcci(mgs)

        qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

!      ENDIF

!

!      delqci(mgs) =  dqci(mgs)*fcci(mgs)

!

      END IF !  dqwv(mgs) .ge. 0.

      end do

!

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      qitmp(mgs) = qx(mgs,li)

      theta(mgs) = thetap(mgs) + theta0(mgs)

      temg(mgs) = theta(mgs)*pk(mgs) ! ( pres(mgs) / poo ) ** cap

      qvap(mgs) = max((qwvp(mgs) + qv0(mgs)), 0.0)

      temcg(mgs) = temg(mgs) - tfr

      tqvcon = temg(mgs)-cbw

      ltemq = (temg(mgs)-163.15)/fqsat+1.5

      ltemq = min( nqsat, max(1,ltemq) )


      IF ( iqvsopt == 0 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqvs(ltemq)

      ELSEIF ( iqvsopt == 1 ) THEN

        qvs(mgs) = rdorv*esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq)/(pres(mgs) - esbolton*tabqvs(ltemq))

      ENDIF

      qis(mgs) = pqs(mgs)*tabqis(ltemq)

      qx(mgs,lc) = max( 0.0, qx(mgs,lc) )

      qitmp(mgs) = max( 0.0, qitmp(mgs) )

      qx(mgs,lv) = max( 0.0, qvap(mgs))

!      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr ) then

!      if( qx(mgs,lc) .ge. 0.0 .and. qitmp(mgs) .le. qxmin(li) )

!     >  qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)

!c      if( qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc) .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li))

!      if( qx(mgs,lc) .eq. 0.0 .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li))

!     >  qss(mgs) = qis(mgs)

!c      if( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li))

!      if( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. 0.0 .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li))

!     >  qss(mgs) = (qx(mgs,lc)*qvs(mgs) + qitmp(mgs)*qis(mgs)) /

!     > (qx(mgs,lc) + qitmp(mgs))

!      else

!      qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)

!      end if

      qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)

      if ( temg(mgs) .lt. tfr ) then

      if( qx(mgs,lc) .ge. 0.0 .and. qitmp(mgs) .le. qxmin(li) )   &

     &  qss(mgs) = qvs(mgs)

      if( qx(mgs,lc) .le. qxmin(lc) .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li))   &

     &  qss(mgs) = qis(mgs)

      if( qx(mgs,lc) .gt. qxmin(lc) .and. qitmp(mgs) .gt. qxmin(li))   &

     &   qss(mgs) = (qx(mgs,lc)*qvs(mgs) + qitmp(mgs)*qis(mgs)) /   &

     &   (qx(mgs,lc) + qitmp(mgs))

      end if

!      pceds(mgs) = (thetap(mgs) - thsave(mgs))*dtpinv

!      write(iunit,*) 'satadj2: mgs,iter = ',mgs,itertd,dqwv(mgs),qss(mgs),qx(mgs,lv),qx(mgs,lc)

      end do

!

!  end the saturation adjustment iteration loop

!

      end do


     ENDIF ! ( ipconc .le. 1 )


!

!  spread the growth owing to vapor diffusion onto the

!  ice crystal categories using the

!

!  END OF SATURATION ADJUSTMENT

!


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'conc 30b'

!

!

!  end of saturation adjustment


!

!

! !DIR$ IVDEP

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

      t0(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) =  temg(mgs)

      end do

!

! Load the save arrays

!


! Sample code for using the axtra array to load microphysical rates or quantities for output

!

! Note that indices 1 and 2 are used in the nucond subroutine for condensation/evap of droplets (1) and

!    condensation of rain (2)

!

!      IF ( io_flag .and. nxtra > 1 ) THEN

!        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

!          axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),3)  = pfrz(mgs) !

!          axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),4)  = qrcev(mgs) ! pre2

!          axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),5)  = psub(mgs) ! depsubr

!          axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),6)  = qrfrz(mgs) ! rain freezing (Bigg)

!          axtra(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),7)  = pmlt(mgs) ! melr2

!        ENDDO

!      ENDIF


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'gs 11'


      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

!

      an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lt) =    &

     &  theta0(mgs) + thetap(mgs)

      an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lv) = qwvp(mgs) + qv0(mgs) !


      IF ( eqtset > 2 ) THEN

        p2(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs)) = pipert(mgs)

      ENDIF

!


      DO il = lc,lhab

        IF ( ido(il) .eq. 1 ) THEN

        IF ( lf > 1 .and. il == lf ) THEN

           lfsave(mgs,1) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),il)

           lfsave(mgs,2) = qx(mgs,il)

        ENDIF

         an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il) +   &

     &     min( an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),il), 0.0 )

         qx(mgs,il) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),il)

        ENDIF

      ENDDO


      IF ( lcina > 1 ) THEN

        an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcina) = cina(mgs)

      ENDIF


!

!  6th moments

!


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 6 ) THEN

       DO il = lr,lhab

        IF ( lz(il) .gt. 1 ) THEN

        IF ( lf > 1 .and. il == lf ) THEN

           lfsave(mgs,3) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il))

           lfsave(mgs,4) = zx(mgs,il)

        ENDIF


         an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il) +   &

     &     min( an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)), 0.0 )

         zx(mgs,il) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il))


        ENDIF

       ENDDO


      ENDIF

!

      end do

!


      if ( ipconc .ge. 1 ) then

      DO il = lc,lhab !{


!        write(0,*) 'limiter loop: il,ipc,lz: ',il,ipc(il),lz(il),ipconc


       IF ( ipconc .ge. ipc(il) .and. ido(il) > 0 ) THEN ! {


         IF (  ipconc .ge. 4 .and. ipc(il) .ge. 1 ) THEN ! {


!            write(0,*) 'MY limiter: il,ipc,lz: ',il,ipc(il),lz(il),lr,lzr

!            STOP


          IF ( lz(il) <= 1 .or. ioldlimiter == 1 ) THEN ! { { is a two-moment category so dont worry about reflectivity


           DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

            IF ( qx(mgs,il) .le. 0.0 ) THEN

              cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

            ELSE !{

              IF ( cx(mgs,il) .gt. cxmin .and. qx(mgs,il) > qxmin(il) ) THEN !{ only do this if mass is sufficient

!              xv(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xdn(mgs,il)*Max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,il)))

!              xv(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xdn(mgs,il)*Max(cxmin,cx(mgs,il)))

                xv(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xdn(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il))


!              IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. il .eq. lhl ) THEN

!               write(0,*) 'dr: xv,cx,qx,xdn,ln = ',xv(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il),qx(mgs,il),xdn(mgs,il),ln(il)

!              ENDIF


               ! 8/26/2015 erm: apply imaxdiaopt for 2-moment also

               IF ( imaxdiaopt == 1 .or. il == lc .or. il == li .or. (il == lr .and. imurain == 3) .or. &

     &              (il == ls .and. imusnow == 3 ) .or. ( il >= lh .and. lh > 0 ) ) THEN

!              IF ( imaxdiaopt == 1 .or. (il == lr .and. imurain == 3) .or. .not. (il == lr .and. imurain == 1) ) THEN

                 xvbarmax = xvmx(il)

               ELSEIF ( imaxdiaopt == 2 ) THEN ! test against maximum mass diameter

                 xvbarmax = xvmx(il) /((3. + alpha(mgs,il))**3/((3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + alpha(mgs,il))))

               ELSEIF ( imaxdiaopt == 3 ) THEN ! test against mass-weighted diameter

                 xvbarmax = xvmx(il) /((4. + alpha(mgs,il))**3/((3. + alpha(mgs,il))*(2. + alpha(mgs,il))*(1. + alpha(mgs,il))))

               ELSE

                 xvbarmax = xvmx(il)

               ENDIF


               tmp = 1.0

               IF ( il == ls ) THEN

                 xvbarmax = xvbarmax*max(1.,100./min(100.,xdn(mgs,ls)))

               ENDIF


               IF ( xv(mgs,il) .lt. xvmn(il) .or. xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvbarmax ) THEN

                xv(mgs,il) = min( xvbarmax, xv(mgs,il) )

                xv(mgs,il) = max( xvmn(il), xv(mgs,il) )

                cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il))

               ENDIF


             ENDIF !}


!              IF ( lhl .gt. 1 .and. il .eq. lhl ) THEN

!               write(0,*) 'dr: xv,cx,= ',xv(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il)

!              ENDIF


            ENDIF !}

           ENDDO ! mgs


          ELSE ! } { is three-moment, so have to adjust Z if size is too large

           IF ( il == lr .and. imurain == 3 ) THEN ! { { RAIN


!          rdmx =

!          rdmn =


          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


         IF ( iresetmoments == 1 .or. iresetmoments == il  ) THEN

         IF ( zx(mgs,lr) <= zxmin ) THEN

           qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,il)

           qx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr) = qx(mgs,lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(lr)) = cx(mgs,lr)

         ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,lr) <= cxmin ) THEN

           qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,il)

           zx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           qx(mgs,lr) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lr) = qx(mgs,lr)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(lr)) = zx(mgs,lr)

         ENDIF

         ENDIF


         IF ( qx(mgs,lr) .gt. qxmin(lr) ) THEN


        xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xdn(mgs,lr)*max(1.0e-11,cx(mgs,lr)))

        IF ( xv(mgs,lr) .gt. xvmx(lr) ) THEN

!          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmx(lr)

!          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmx(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

        ELSEIF ( xv(mgs,lr) .lt. xvmn(lr) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,lr) = xvmn(lr)

          cx(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(xvmn(lr)*xdn(mgs,lr))

        ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and reflectivity but no concentration, so set concentration, using default alpha

            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            z   = zx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z*xdn(mgs,lr)**2)

!            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) > 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and concentration but no reflectivity, so set reflectivity, using default alpha

            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

            zx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(xdn(mgs,lr)**2*chw)

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(lr)) = zx(mgs,lr)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!   How did this happen?

         ! set values according to dBZ of -10, or Z = 0.1

!              0.1 = 1.e18*0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)*(hwdn/rwdn)**2

               zx(mgs,il) = 1.e-19/0.224*(xdn0(lr)/xdn0(il))**2

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

               z   = zx(mgs,il)

               qr  = qx(mgs,il)

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/(z*1000.*1000)

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

          ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,lr) > 0.0 ) THEN

            xv(mgs,lr) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,lr)/(1000.*cx(mgs,lr))

            vr = xv(mgs,lr)

           qr = qx(mgs,lr)

           nrx = cx(mgs,lr)

           z = zx(mgs,lr)


!           xv = (db(1,kz)*a(1,1,kz,lr))**2/(a(1,1,kz,lnr))

!           rd = z*(pi/6.*1000.)**2/xv


! determine shape parameter alpha by iteration

           IF ( z .gt. 0.0 ) THEN

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

           DO i = 1,20

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,lr)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,lr) = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

             alp = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


! check for artificial breakup (rain larger than allowed max size)

        IF (  xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvmx(il) .or. (ioldlimiter == 2 .and. xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvmx(il)/8.) ) THEN

          tmp = cx(mgs,il)

!            write(0,*) 'MY limiter: xv: ',xv(mgs,il), xv(mgs,il)/(xvmx(il)/8.)

!            STOP

          IF ( ioldlimiter == 2 ) THEN ! MY-style active breakup

            x = (6.*rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(pi*xdn(mgs,il)*cx(mgs,il)))**(1./3.)

            x1 = max(0.0e-3, x - 3.0e-3)

            x2 = max(0.5, x/6.0e-3)

            x3 = x2**3

            cx(mgs,il) = cx(mgs,il)*max((1.+2.222e3*x1**2), x3)

            xv(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)/max((1.+2.222e3*x1**2), x3)

          ELSE ! simple cutoff

            xv(mgs,il) = min( xvmx(il), max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

            xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

            cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

          ENDIF

            !xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

            !cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))


          IF ( tmp < cx(mgs,il) ) THEN ! breakup


            g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

            zx(mgs,il) = zx(mgs,il) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/xdn(mgs,il))**2*( (qx(mgs,il)/tmp)**2 * (tmp-cx(mgs,il)) )

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


           vr = xv(mgs,lr)

           qr = qx(mgs,lr)

           nrx = cx(mgs,lr)

           z = zx(mgs,lr)


! determine shape parameter alpha by iteration

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

           DO i = 1,20

            IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,lr)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,lr) = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           alp = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/(z*pi**2) - 1.

             alp = max( rnumin, min( rnumax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


          ENDIF

        ENDIF


!

! Check whether the shape parameter is at or less than the minimum, and if it is, reset the

! concentration or reflectivity to match (prevents reflectivity from being out of balance with Q and N)

!

              g1 = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

           IF ( .true. .and. (alpha(mgs,il) <= rnumin .or. alp == rnumin .or. alp == rnumax) ) THEN


            IF ( rescale_high_alpha .and. alp >= rnumax - 0.01  ) THEN  ! reset c at high alpha to prevent growth in Z

              cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z*(1./(xdn(mgs,il)))**2

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


            ELSEIF ( rescale_low_alphar .and. alp <= rnumin ) THEN

             z  = 36.*(alpha(mgs,lr)+2.0)*nrx*vr**2/((alpha(mgs,lr)+1.0)*pi**2)

             zx(mgs,il) = z

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

            ENDIF

           ENDIF


           ENDIF

          ENDIF


          ENDIF


          ENDDO

!        CALL cld_cpu('Z-MOMENT-1r')


           ELSEIF ( il == lh .or. il == lhl .or. il == lf .or. (il == lr .and. imurain == 1 )) THEN ! } { Rain, GRAUPEL OR HAIL


        DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


        IF ( lf > 1 .and. il == lf ) THEN

           lfsave(mgs,5) = an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il))

           lfsave(mgs,6) = cx(mgs,il)

        ENDIF


        IF ( il == lhl .and. lnhlf > 1 ) THEN

          IF ( cx(mgs,lhl) > cxmin ) THEN

            frac = chxf(mgs,lhl)/cx(mgs,lhl)

          ELSE

            frac = 0.0

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


        IF ( il == lh .and. lnhf > 1 ) THEN

          IF ( cx(mgs,lh) > cxmin ) THEN

            frach = chxf(mgs,lh)/cx(mgs,lh)

          ELSE

            frach = 0.0

          ENDIF

        ENDIF


         IF ( iresetmoments == 1 .or. iresetmoments == il .or. iresetmoments == -1  ) THEN ! { .or. qx(mgs,il) <= qxmin(il)

         IF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3

!!            write(91,*) 'zx=0; qx,cx = ',1000.*qx(mgs,il),cx(mgs,il)

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

         ELSEIF ( iresetmoments == -1 .and. qx(mgs,il) < qxmin(il) ) THEN

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)


           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


         ELSEIF ( cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin .and. iresetmoments /= -1 ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3

           qx(mgs,lv) = qx(mgs,lv) + qx(mgs,il)

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

         ENDIF

         ELSE

            IF ( zx(mgs,il) < 0.0 ) THEN !  .and. qx(mgs,il) > 0.05e-3

               zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

             ENDIF

         ENDIF !}


         IF (  zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= cxmin ) THEN

           zx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           cx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) = an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lv) + an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il)

           qx(mgs,il) = 0.0

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),il) = qx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)

           an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)

         ENDIF


        IF ( qx(mgs,il) .gt. qxmin(il) ) THEN !{


        xv(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xdn(mgs,il)*max(1.0e-9,cx(mgs,il)))

        xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)


        IF ( xv(mgs,il) .lt. xvmn(il) ) THEN

          xv(mgs,il) = min( xvmx(il), max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

          xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

          cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

        ENDIF


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) > 0.0 .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN !{

!  have mass and reflectivity but no concentration, so set concentration, using default alpha

            g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

            z   = zx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

!            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z

            cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6.*qr)**2/(z*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) > 0.0 ) THEN

!  have mass and concentration but no reflectivity, so set reflectivity, using default alpha

!            g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

!     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

            chw = cx(mgs,il)

            qr  = qx(mgs,il)

!            zx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/chw

!            zx(mgs,il) = Min(zxmin*1.1, g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6.*qr)**2/(chw*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2) )

            g1 = (6.0 + alphamax)*(5.0 + alphamax)*(4.0 + alphamax)/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alphamax)*(2.0 + alphamax)*(1.0 + alphamax))

            zx(mgs,il) = max(zxmin*1.1, g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6*qr)**2/(chw*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2) )

            an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


           ELSEIF ( zx(mgs,il) <= zxmin .and. cx(mgs,il) <= 0.0 ) THEN

!   How did this happen?

         ! set values according to dBZ of -10, or Z = 0.1

!              0.1 = 1.e18*0.224*an(ix,jy,kz,lzh)*(hwdn/rwdn)**2


!               write(0,*) 'GS: moment problem! il,c,z,q = ',il,cx(mgs,il),zx(mgs,il),qx(mgs,il)


               zx(mgs,il) = 1.e-19/0.224*(xdn0(lr)/xdn0(il))**2

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


               g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))

               z   = zx(mgs,il)

               qr  = qx(mgs,il)

!               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z

               cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(6.*qr)**2/(z*(pi*xdn(mgs,il))**2)

               an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


!               write(0,*) 'GS: moment problem! reset il,c,z,q = ',il,cx(mgs,il),zx(mgs,il),qx(mgs,il)


           ELSE

          ! have all valid moments, so find shape parameter

          chw = cx(mgs,il)

          qr  = qx(mgs,il)

          z   = zx(mgs,il)


          IF ( zx(mgs,il) .gt. zxmin .and. qr > qxmin(il) .and. chw > cxmin ) THEN !{


!            rdi = z*(pi/6.*1000.)**2*chw/((rho0(mgs)*qr)**2)

            rdi = z*(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2*chw/((rho0(mgs)*qr)**2)


!           alp = 1.e18*(6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/

!     :            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

           alp = (6.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

!           print*,'kz, alp, alpha(mgs,il) = ',kz,alp,alpha(mgs,il),rdi,z,xv

           DO i = 1,10

!            IF ( 100.*Abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il))/(Abs(alpha(mgs,il))+1.e-5) .lt. 1. ) EXIT

             IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,il) = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

!             alp = 1.e18*(6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/

!     :            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

             alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

!           print*,'i,alp = ',i,alp

             alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


! check for artificial breakup (graupel/hail larger than allowed max size)

        IF (  xv(mgs,il) .gt. xvmx(il) ) THEN !{

          tmp = cx(mgs,il)


          xv(mgs,il) = min( xvmx(il), max( xvmn(il),xv(mgs,il) ) )

          xmas(mgs,il) = xv(mgs,il)*xdn(mgs,il)

          cx(mgs,il) = rho0(mgs)*qx(mgs,il)/(xmas(mgs,il))

          IF ( tmp < cx(mgs,il) ) THEN ! breakup

            g1 = 36.*(6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*pi**2)

             zx(mgs,il) = zx(mgs,il) + g1*(rho0(mgs)/xdn(mgs,il))**2*( (qx(mgs,il)/tmp)**2 * (tmp-cx(mgs,il)) )

             an(igs(mgs),jgs,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = zx(mgs,il)


          chw = cx(mgs,il)

          qr  = qx(mgs,il)

          z   = zx(mgs,il)


            rdi = z*(pi/6.*xdn(mgs,il))**2*chw/((rho0(mgs)*qr)**2)

            alp = (6.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

           DO i = 1,10

             IF ( abs(alp - alpha(mgs,il)) .lt. 0.01 ) EXIT

             alpha(mgs,il) = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

             alp = (6.+alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0+alpha(mgs,il))/   &

     &            ((3.0+alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0+alpha(mgs,il))*rdi) - 1.0

             alp = max( alphamin, min( alphamax, alp ) )

           ENDDO


          ENDIF

        ENDIF !}


!

! Check whether the shape parameter is at or less than the minimum, and if it is, reset the

! concentration or reflectivity to match (prevents reflectivity from being out of balance with Q and N)

!

             g1 = (6.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(5.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(4.0 + alpha(mgs,il))/ &

     &            ((3.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(2.0 + alpha(mgs,il))*(1.0 + alpha(mgs,il)))


           IF ( ( lrescalelow(il) .or. rescale_high_alpha ) .and.  &

     &          ( alpha(mgs,il) <= alphamin .or. alp == alphamin .or. alp == alphamax ) ) THEN !{


            IF ( rescale_high_alpha .and. alp >= alphamax - 0.01  ) THEN  ! reset c at high alpha to prevent growth in Z

              cx(mgs,il) = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = cx(mgs,il)


            ELSEIF ( lrescalelow(il) .and. alp <= alphamin .and. .not. (il == lh .and. icvhl2h > 0 ) .and. &

                     .not. ( il == lr .and. .not. rescale_low_alphar ) ) THEN ! alpha = alphamin, so reset Z to prevent growth in C


             wtest = .false.

             IF ( irescalerainopt == 0 ) THEN

               wtest = .false.

             ELSEIF ( irescalerainopt == 1 ) THEN

               wtest = qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc)

             ELSEIF ( irescalerainopt == 2 ) THEN

               wtest = qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) .and. wvel(mgs) < rescale_wthresh

             ELSEIF ( irescalerainopt == 3 ) THEN

               wtest = temcg(mgs) > rescale_tempthresh .and. qx(mgs,lc) > qxmin(lc) .and. wvel(mgs) < rescale_wthresh

             ENDIF


             IF ( il == lr .and. ( wtest .or. .not. rescale_low_alphar ) ) THEN

             ! certain situations where rain number is adjusted instead of Z. Helps avoid rain being 'zapped' by autoconverted

             ! drops (i.e., favor preserving Z when alpha tries to go negative)

             chw = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2 ! g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/z1

             cx(mgs,il) = chw

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = chw

             ELSE

             ! Usual resetting of reflectivity moment to force consisntency between Q, N, Z, and alpha when alpha = alphamin

             z1 = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/chw

             z  = z1*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

             zx(mgs,il) = z

             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = z

             ENDIF


!             z1 = g1*dn(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs))**2*(qr)*qr/chw

!             z  = z1*(6./(pi*xdn(mgs,il)))**2

!             zx(mgs,il) = z

!             an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lz(il)) = z

            ENDIF


           ENDIF !}


           ENDIF !}


           ENDIF ! !}


          ENDIF !}


        IF ( lzr > 1 ) THEN

          alpha2d(igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),1) = max(alphamin, min(alphamax, alpha(mgs,lr) ))

        ENDIF

        IF ( lzh > 1 ) THEN

          alpha2d(igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),2) = max(alphamin, min(alphamax, alpha(mgs,lh) ))

        ENDIF

        IF ( lzhl > 1 ) THEN

          alpha2d(igs(mgs),kgs(mgs),3) = max(alphamin, min(alphamax, alpha(mgs,lhl) ))

        ENDIF


        IF ( il == lhl .and. lnhlf > 1 ) THEN

        ! update chxf in case cx has changed

          chxf(mgs,lhl) = frac*cx(mgs,lhl)

        ENDIF

        IF ( il == lh .and. lnhf > 1 ) THEN

        ! update chxf in case cx has changed

          chxf(mgs,lh) = frach*cx(mgs,lh)

        ENDIF


!      IF ( lf > 0 .and. il == lf .and. kgs(mgs) <= 20 .and. ( cx(mgs,lf) + dtp*( pcfwi(mgs) + pcfwd(mgs) ) > 200. .or. cx(mgs,lf) > 400. )) THEN

!        write(0,*) 'ix,jy, kz, cf = ',igs(mgs)+ixbeg,jy+jybeg,kgs(mgs), an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(lf)),lfsave(mgs,5),lfsave(mgs,6)

!        write(0,*) 'qold,qxold,zold,zxold = ',lfsave(mgs,1),lfsave(mgs,2),lfsave(mgs,3),lfsave(mgs,4)

!        write(0,*) 'cf_new,pcfwi,pcfwd = ',cx(mgs,lf),cx(mgs,lf) + dtp*( pcfwi(mgs) + pcfwd(mgs) ),pcfwi(mgs) + pcfwd(mgs)

!

!      ENDIF


        ENDDO ! mgs


!         CALL cld_cpu('Z-DELABK')


!         CALL cld_cpu('Z-DELABK')


           ENDIF ! } }


          ENDIF ! }}

          ENDIF ! }


          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


            IF ( il == lh ) THEN

            IF ( lnhf > 1 ) THEN ! number of graupel from frozen drops

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnhf) = max( chxf(mgs,lh), 0.0)

            ENDIF

            ENDIF


            IF ( il == lhl ) THEN


            IF ( lnhlf > 1 ) THEN ! number of hail from frozen drops

!              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnhlf) = Min( cx(mgs,lhl), Max( chxf(mgs,lhl), 0.0) )

              an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lnhlf) = max( chxf(mgs,lhl), 0.0)

            ENDIF

            ENDIF

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),ln(il)) = max(cx(mgs,il), 0.0)

          ENDDO

        ENDIF ! }

      ENDDO ! il }


      IF ( lcin > 1 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lcin) = max(0.0, ccin(mgs))

      end do

      ENDIF


      IF ( ipconc .ge. 2 ) THEN

      do mgs = 1,ngscnt

        IF ( lss > 1 ) THEN

          an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lss) = max(0.0, ssmax(mgs) )

        ENDIF


        IF ( lccn > 1 ) THEN

          an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lccn) = max(0.0, ccnc(mgs) )

        ENDIF

      end do

      ENDIF


      ELSEIF ( ipconc .eq. 0 .and. lni .gt. 1 ) THEN


          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt

            an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lni) = max(cx(mgs,li), 0.0)

          ENDDO


      end if


      IF ( ldovol ) THEN


       DO il = li,lhab


        IF ( lvol(il) .ge. 1 ) THEN


          DO mgs = 1,ngscnt


           an(igs(mgs),jy,kgs(mgs),lvol(il)) = max( 0.0, vx(mgs,il) )

          ENDDO


        ENDIF


       ENDDO


      ENDIF

!

!

!

!

!

      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'gs 12'


      if (ndebug .gt. 0 ) write(0,*) 'gs 13'


 9998 continue


      if ( kz .gt. nz-1 .and. ix .ge. itile) then

        if ( ix .ge. itile ) then

         go to 1200 ! exit gather scatter

        else

         nzmpb = kz

        endif

      else

        nzmpb = kz

      end if


      if ( ix .ge. itile ) then

        nxmpb = 1

        nzmpb = kz+1

      else

       nxmpb = ix+1

      end if


 1000 continue

 1200 continue

!

!  end of gather scatter (for this jy slice)

!

!


      return

      end subroutine nssl_2mom_gs

!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!


!

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!


END MODULE module_mp_nssl_2mom

module_mp_nssl_2mom::calcnfromq
subroutine, public calcnfromq(nx, ny, nz, an, na, nor, norz, dn, qcw, qci, qsw, qrw, qhw, qhl, ccw, cci, csw, crw, chw, chl, cccn, cccna, vhw, vhl, qv, spechum, invertccn_flag, cwmasin)
Subroutine to calculate number concentrations from initial state that has only mixing ratio.
Definition module_mp_nssl_2mom.F90:5297

module_mp_nssl_2mom::nssl_2mom_init
subroutine, public nssl_2mom_init(ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme, nssl_params, ipctmp, mixphase, ihvol, idoniconlytmp, namelist_filename, internal_nml, nssl_graupelfallfac, nssl_hailfallfac, nssl_ehw0, nssl_ehlw0, nssl_icdx, nssl_icdxhl, nssl_icefallfac, nssl_snowfallfac, nssl_cccn, nssl_ufccn, nssl_alphah, nssl_alphahl, nssl_alphar, nssl_density_on, nssl_hail_on, nssl_ccn_on, nssl_icecrystals_on, ccn_is_ccna, nssl_ccn_opt, errmsg, errflg, infileunit, myrank, mpiroot)
NSSL MP setup routine (sets local options and array indices)
Definition module_mp_nssl_2mom.F90:1298

module_mp_nssl_2mom::nssl_2mom_init_const
subroutine, public nssl_2mom_init_const(con_g, con_rd, con_cp, con_rv, con_t0c, con_cliq, con_csol, con_eps)
NSSL MP subroutine to initialize physical constants provided by host model.
Definition module_mp_nssl_2mom.F90:1247

module_mp_nssl_2mom::calc_eff_radius
subroutine, public calc_eff_radius(nx, ny, nz, na, jyslab, nor, norz, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, f_t4, f_t5, f_t6, qcw, qci, qsw, qrw, ccw, cci, csw, crw, an, dn)
Subroutine to calculate effective radii for use by radiation routines.
Definition module_mp_nssl_2mom.F90:5873

module_mp_nssl_2mom::nssl_2mom_driver
subroutine, public nssl_2mom_driver(qv, qc, qr, qi, qs, qh, qhl, ccw, crw, cci, csw, chw, chl, cn, vhw, vhl, cna, cni, f_cn, f_cna, f_cina, f_qc, f_qr, f_qi, f_qs, f_qh, f_qhl, cn_nu, cn_co, cinp, f_cnnu, f_cnco, f_cinp, cna_co, cna_nu, f_cnaco, f_cnanu, cnuf, f_cnuf, cn_ac, f_cnac, zrw, zhw, zhl, f_zrw, f_zhw, f_zhl, f_vhw, f_vhl, qsw, qhw, qhlw, tt, th, pii, p, w, dn, dz, dtp, itimestep, is_theta_or_temp, ntmul, ntcnt, lastloop, rainnc, rainncv, dx, dy, axtra, snownc, snowncv, grplnc, grplncv, sr, hailnc, hailncv, hail_maxk1, hail_max2d, nwp_diagnostics, tkediss, re_cloud, re_ice, re_snow, re_rain, re_graup, re_hail, has_reqc, has_reqi, has_reqs, has_reqr, has_reqg, has_reqh, rainncw2, rainnci2, dbz, vzf, compdbz, rscghis_2d, rscghis_2dp, rscghis_2dn, scr, scw, sci, scs, sch, schl, sctot, elec_physics, induc, elecz, scion, sciona, f_scion, f_sciona, noninduc, noninducp, noninducn, ssat3d, ssati, nssl_ssat_output, pcc2, pre2, depsubr, mnucf2, melr2, ctr2, rim1_2, rim2_2, rim3_2, nctr2, nnuccd2, nnucf2, effc2, effr2, effi2, effs2, effg2, fc2, fr2, fi2, fs2, fg2, fnc2, fnr2, fni2, fns2, fng2, ipelectmp, isedonly_in, diagflag, ke_diag, errmsg, errflg, nssl_progn, wetscav_on, rainprod, evapprod, cu_used, qrcuten, qscuten, qicuten, qccuten, ids, ide, jds, jde, kds, kde, ims, ime, jms, jme, kms, kme, its, ite, jts, jte, kts, kte)
Driver subroutine that copies state data to local 2D arrays for microphysics calls.
Definition module_mp_nssl_2mom.F90:2456

module_mp_nssl_2mom
This module contains 1/2/3-moment bulk microphysics scheme based on a combination of Straka and Manse...
Definition module_mp_nssl_2mom.F90:176